历年新疆和宁夏审定玉米品种主要性状的演化及品种审定现状分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.010

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (6): 1379-1388.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.010

• 种质资源·耕作栽培·生理生化·土壤肥料·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

历年新疆和宁夏审定玉米品种主要性状的演化及品种审定现状分析

陆晏天(), 桑志勤, 徐灿, 张力, 夏春兰, 王友德, 李伟, 陈树宾()

新疆农垦科学院作物研究所,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2022-06-15 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-06-20
通信作者: 陈树宾(1967-),男,江苏建湖人,研究员,研究方向玉米遗传育种与栽培,(E-mail) btcorn@163.com
作者简介:陆晏天(1995-),男,甘肃张掖人,硕士,研究方向为玉米抗逆生理及分子遗传学,(E-mail) lyt204712@163.com
基金资助:
兵团重点领域科技攻关(2019AB021);南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划“特色鲜食玉米新品种新产品创制、鲜穗速冻加工技术研究与示范”(2020DB007);兵团财政项目“动植物种质资源和育种专项(玉米)”(2060502)

Evolution of main characters of maize varieties approved in Xinjiang and Ningxia over the years and analysis of the current situation of variety approval

LU Yantian(), SANG Zhiqin, XU Can, ZHANG Li, XIA Chunlan, WANG Youde, LI Wei, CHEN Shubin()

Institute of Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China

Received:2022-06-15 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-06-20
Correspondence author: CHEN Shubin (1976-), male, place: Jianhu, Jiangsu Province, Researcher, research field: maize breeding and cultivation.(E-mail) btcorn@163.com
Supported by:
Tackling Scientific and Technical Problems in Key Ares of XPCC(2019AB021);Support Program for the Innovation and Development of Key Industries in Southern Xinjiang "Research and Demonstration of New Varieties and New Products of Characteristic Fresh Corn and Fresh Ear Quick Freezing Processing Technology"(2020DB007);XPCC Financial Project "Special Project for Animal and Plant Germplasm Resources and Breeding (corn)"(2060502)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析新疆和宁夏历年来审定玉米品种株型、产量和品质性状的变化趋势及选育单位和亲本来源,研究不同性状之间的关联性,为审定品种的更替及玉米品种性状选育提供参考。【方法】搜集整理2000~2020年新疆和宁夏审定通过的529份玉米品种信息,分析其中占比81.28%的普通玉米品种的株型、产量及产量构成因子、品质相关性状。【结果】(1)品种年际间差异极显著。随年份的更替,新疆和宁夏审定品种的株高和产量极显著增加,其分别增加1.06、1.91 cm和103.08、219.62 kg/hm²;雄穗分枝数、生育期和穗长显著下降,其分别下降0.46、0.45个,1.00、0.67d,0.07、0.06 cm;新疆和宁夏审定品种的品质性状变化差异较大,宁夏审定品种的容重、粗蛋白和赖氨酸含量显著增加,年均分别增2.16%、0.50%和0.002%。新疆审定品种的粗淀粉含量显著增加,年均增加3.54%。新疆和宁夏审定品种的其他性状呈现不同程度的上升或下降趋势,但变幅不显著。(2)新疆与宁夏审定玉米品种的18个性状间紧密关联,彼此间协同或抑制作用共同形成了品种的 DUS 特性。(3)宁夏筛选出了对总体方差累计贡献率达65.966%的7个主成分,新疆筛选出了对总体方差累计贡献率达71.262%的5个主成分。其中株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、产量和赖氨酸含量始终是被选择的对象。(4)审定品种数量上种业公司占71.22%,排名第一,但科研院所的育种效率最高,平均为3.55。新疆和宁夏审定品种的亲本数量也逐年增加,极大的丰富了种质资源。【结论】在品种更替过程中,株高、雄穗分枝数、生育期、产量及产量构成因子等性状是新疆和宁夏品种改良相对较快的性状,而品质性状的变化趋势新疆和宁夏存在差异。新疆和宁夏品种审定数量目前以种业公司居前列,审定品种中新命名的亲本自交系数量迅速增加,使统计上的亲本重复使用率逐年下降。

关键词: 玉米品种; 农艺性状; 育种效率

Abstract:

【Objective】 To analyze the changing trend of plant architecture, yield and quality traits of approved maize varieties in Xinjiang and Ningxia over the years, as well as the breeding units and parental sources of approved varieties, explore the correlation between different traits, understand the impact of the replacement of approved varieties on maize variety breeding in the hope of providing a reference for future breeding direction.【Methods】 The 529 maize varieties approved by Xinjiang and Ningxia from 2000 to 2020 were collected and sorted.The plant type, yield, yield components and quality correlation of 81.28% of ordinary maize varieties were analyzed.【Results】 (1) The interannual difference of varieties was very significant.With the change of years, the plant height and yield of approved varieties in Xinjiang and Ningxia increased significantly by 1.06, 1.91cm, 103.08 and 219.62 kg/hm² respectively; The number of branches, growth period and ear length of male panicle decreased significantly by 0.46, 0.45, 1.00,0.67 d, 0.07 and 0.06 cm respectively; The changes of quality characters of approved varieties in Xinjiang and Ningxia were quite different.The volume weight, crude protein and lysine contents of approved varieties in Ningxia increased significantly, with an average annual increase of 2.16%, 0.50% and 0.002% respectively.The crude starch content of approved varieties in Xinjiang increased significantly, with an average annual increase of 3.54%.The other characters of the approved varieties in Xinjiang and Ningxia showed an upward or downward trend in varying degrees, but the range was not significant.(2) Correlation analysis showed that the 18 traits of maize varieties approved in the two provinces were closely related, and their synergistic or inhibitory effects formed the (DUS) characteristics of maize varieties.(3) Through PCA analysis, seven principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 65.966% to the overall variance were screened out in Ningxia, and five principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 71.262% to the overall variance were screened out in Xinjiang.Plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, yield and lysine content were always selected.(4) In terms of the number of approved varieties, seed companies accounted for 71.22%, ranking first, but the breeding efficiency of scientific research institutes was the highest, with an average of 3.55.The number of parents of approved varieties in Xinjiang and Ningxia also increased year by year, which greatly enriched the germplasm resources.【Conclusion】 In the process of variety replacement, plant height, number of branches per tassel, growth period, yield and yield components were relatively fast traits for variety improvement in the two provinces, while the change trend of quality traits was different between the two provinces.At the same time, the number of approved varieties in the two provinces is currently atthe forefront of seed industry companies.The number of newly named parental inbred lines in the approved varieties has increased rapidly, resulting in the statistical parent reuse rate decreasing year by year.

Key words: maize varieties; agronomic characters; breeding efficiency

中图分类号:

S513

陆晏天, 桑志勤, 徐灿, 张力, 夏春兰, 王友德, 李伟, 陈树宾. 历年新疆和宁夏审定玉米品种主要性状的演化及品种审定现状分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1379-1388.

LU Yantian, SANG Zhiqin, XU Can, ZHANG Li, XIA Chunlan, WANG Youde, LI Wei, CHEN Shubin. Evolution of main characters of maize varieties approved in Xinjiang and Ningxia over the years and analysis of the current situation of variety approval[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(6): 1379-1388.

图/表 10

参考文献 30

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项目 Item	新疆Xinjiang	宁夏Ningxia
经纬度Latitude and longitude	34°25'~48°10' N, 73°40'~96°18' E	35°14'~39°14' N, 104°17'~109°39' E
气候类型Climate type	温带大陆性气候	温带大陆性气候
海拔Altitude	2 684 m	1 150 m
年平均气温Average temperature	8.7~18.7℃	5.6~10.1℃
年降水量Annual precipitation	124~150 mm	167.2~618.3 mm
年日照时数Annual sunshine hours	3 500 h	3 000 h
积温Accumulated temperature	3 500℃	3 400℃

项目 Item	新疆Xinjiang	宁夏Ningxia
经纬度Latitude and longitude	34°25'~48°10' N, 73°40'~96°18' E	35°14'~39°14' N, 104°17'~109°39' E
气候类型Climate type	温带大陆性气候	温带大陆性气候
海拔Altitude	2 684 m	1 150 m
年平均气温Average temperature	8.7~18.7℃	5.6~10.1℃
年降水量Annual precipitation	124~150 mm	167.2~618.3 mm
年日照时数Annual sunshine hours	3 500 h	3 000 h
积温Accumulated temperature	3 500℃	3 400℃

性状 Trait	新疆 Xinjiang		宁夏 Ningxia
性状 Trait	均值 Mean	回归方程 Regression curve	均值 Mean	回归方程 Regression curve
株高 Plant height	276.43±27.66 (F=0.053^**)	Y=0.003X+269.654 (R=0.001^**)	270.34±30.88 (F=23.264^**)	Y=1.909X-3 574.601 (R=0.118^**)
穗位高 Ear height	113.56±18.33 (F=4.074)	Y=-0.539X+1 198.656 (R=0.152)	109.72±17.20 (F=1.010)	Y=-0.236X+585.334 (R=0.006)
雄穗分枝数 Tassel branch number	9.97±4.52 (F=11.595^**)	Y=-0.425X+863.375 (R=0.465^**)	7.08±3.36 (F=50.650^**)	Y=-0.464X+943.629 (R=0.293^**)
生育期 Developmental stage	111.69±16.41 (F=16.870^**)	Y=-1.010X+2 142.891 (R=0.311^**)	134.47±9.61 (F=8.500^*)	Y=-0.422X+982.964 (R=0.057^*)
成株叶片数 Number of leaves in adult plant	19.45±1.58 (F=2.935)	Y=-0.61X+141.300 (R=0.190)	19.97±1.39 (F=1.175)	Y=0.010X-20.817 (R=0.002)
种植密度 Plant density	81 159.38±11 286.07 (F=56.809^**)	Y=1 221.542X-2 376 284.398 (R=0.514^**)	64 408.43±21 399.74 (F=5.368)	Y=666.134X-1 276 965.091 (R=0.175)

性状 Trait	新疆 Xinjiang		宁夏 Ningxia
性状 Trait	均值 Mean	回归方程 Regression curve	均值 Mean	回归方程 Regression curve
株高 Plant height	276.43±27.66 (F=0.053^**)	Y=0.003X+269.654 (R=0.001^**)	270.34±30.88 (F=23.264^**)	Y=1.909X-3 574.601 (R=0.118^**)
穗位高 Ear height	113.56±18.33 (F=4.074)	Y=-0.539X+1 198.656 (R=0.152)	109.72±17.20 (F=1.010)	Y=-0.236X+585.334 (R=0.006)
雄穗分枝数 Tassel branch number	9.97±4.52 (F=11.595^**)	Y=-0.425X+863.375 (R=0.465^**)	7.08±3.36 (F=50.650^**)	Y=-0.464X+943.629 (R=0.293^**)
生育期 Developmental stage	111.69±16.41 (F=16.870^**)	Y=-1.010X+2 142.891 (R=0.311^**)	134.47±9.61 (F=8.500^*)	Y=-0.422X+982.964 (R=0.057^*)
成株叶片数 Number of leaves in adult plant	19.45±1.58 (F=2.935)	Y=-0.61X+141.300 (R=0.190)	19.97±1.39 (F=1.175)	Y=0.010X-20.817 (R=0.002)
种植密度 Plant density	81 159.38±11 286.07 (F=56.809^**)	Y=1 221.542X-2 376 284.398 (R=0.514^**)	64 408.43±21 399.74 (F=5.368)	Y=666.134X-1 276 965.091 (R=0.175)

性状 Trait	新疆 Xinjiang		宁夏 Ningxia
性状 Trait	均值 Mean	回归方程 Regression curve	均值 Mean	回归方程 Regression curve
穗长 Ear length	18.67±2.21 (F=4.463^*)	Y=-0.068X+155.231 (R=0.159^*)	19.24±1.47 (F=9.477^*)	Y=-0.061X+142.409 (R=0.235^*)
穗粗 Ear diameter	4.84±0.40 (F=0.035)	Y=0.002X+1.123 (R=0.023)	5.22±1.30 (F=9.968^*)	Y=-0.058X+122.876 (R=0.253^*)
穗行数 Kernel Row number	15.75±1.24 (F=0.851)	Y=-0.17X+50.813 (R=0.071)	16.72±1.67 (F=20.702)	Y=0.100X-184.976 (R=0.337)
行粒数 Kernel number per row	36.21±3.91 (F=4.534)	Y=-0.143X+322.779 (R=0.186)	37.97±3.15 (F=0.391)	Y=-0.28X+95.072 (R=0.500)
出籽率 Kernel ratio	86.73±1.90 (F=7.194)	Y=0.113X-139.892 (R=0.327)	84.04±7.78 (F=0.200)	Y=0.019X+44.766 (R=0.12)
千粒重 1000-kernel weight	327.74±58.49 (F=0.347)	Y=-0.522X+1 376.639 (R=0.460)	349.47±48.34 (F=1.306)	Y=0.769X-1 199.176 (R=0.90)
产量 Grain yield	11 997.86±3 378.37 (F=4.479^**)	Y=103.046X-195 254.671 (R=0.158^**)	12 574.98±3 754.062 (F=20.610^**)	Y=219.628X-429 682.566 (R=0.329^**)

历年新疆和宁夏审定玉米品种主要性状的演化及品种审定现状分析

Evolution of main characters of maize varieties approved in Xinjiang and Ningxia over the years and analysis of the current situation of variety approval

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参数 Parameter	成分1 Component 1	成分2 Component 2	成分3 Component 3	成分4 Component 4	成分5 Component 5	成分6 Component 6	成分7 Component 7
新疆/宁夏 Xinjiang/Ningxia
特征值 Eigen value	9.493/5.149	2.646/2.370	1.768/2.321	1.388/1.590	1.095/1.314	-/1.211	-/1.189
贡献率 (%) Contributionrate	41.275/22.388	11.504/10.303	7.688/10.092	6.033/6.912	4.762/5.832	-/5.267	-/5.171
累计百分率 Cummulative percentage (%)	41.275/22.388	52.780/32.691	60.467/42.783	66.500/49.695	71.262/55.527	-/60.794	-/65.966

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性状 Trait	新疆 Xinjiang		宁夏 Ningxia
性状 Trait	均值 Mean	回归方程 Regression curve	均值 Mean	回归方程 Regression curve
容重 Bulk weight	734.12±110.20 (F=0.889^**)	Y=-2.999X+6 772.375 (R=0.107)	749.06±63.37 (F=3.485^**)	Y=2.165X-3 612.598 (R=0.165^**)
粗蛋白含量 Protein concentration	9.15±0.98 (F=0.581^*)	Y=-0.016X+40.926 (R=0.078)	9.18±1.11 (F=0.400^*)	Y=0.010X-10.980 (R=0.510^*)
粗脂肪含量 Fat concentration	4.35±0.35 (F=0.942^**)	Y=-0.70X+144.461 (R=0.100)	3.87±0.69 (F=3.945^**)	Y=-0.19X+42.515 (R=0.158)
粗淀粉含量 Starch concentration	73.93±3.20 (F=3.965^*)	Y=0.132X-192.125 (R=0.200^*)	73.58±5.70 (F=0.18^**)	Y=-0.011+95.649 (R=0.011)
赖氨酸含量 Lysine concentration	0.29±0.04 (F=55.626^**)	Y=-0.005X+11.103 (R=0.841^**)	0.30±0.04 (F=1.493^*)	Y=0.001X-0.999 (R=0.100^*)

性状 Trait	新疆 Xinjiang		宁夏 Ningxia
性状 Trait	均值 Mean	回归方程 Regression curve	均值 Mean	回归方程 Regression curve
容重 Bulk weight	734.12±110.20 (F=0.889^**)	Y=-2.999X+6 772.375 (R=0.107)	749.06±63.37 (F=3.485^**)	Y=2.165X-3 612.598 (R=0.165^**)
粗蛋白含量 Protein concentration	9.15±0.98 (F=0.581^*)	Y=-0.016X+40.926 (R=0.078)	9.18±1.11 (F=0.400^*)	Y=0.010X-10.980 (R=0.510^*)
粗脂肪含量 Fat concentration	4.35±0.35 (F=0.942^**)	Y=-0.70X+144.461 (R=0.100)	3.87±0.69 (F=3.945^**)	Y=-0.19X+42.515 (R=0.158)
粗淀粉含量 Starch concentration	73.93±3.20 (F=3.965^*)	Y=0.132X-192.125 (R=0.200^*)	73.58±5.70 (F=0.18^**)	Y=-0.011+95.649 (R=0.011)
赖氨酸含量 Lysine concentration	0.29±0.04 (F=55.626^**)	Y=-0.005X+11.103 (R=0.841^**)	0.30±0.04 (F=1.493^*)	Y=0.001X-0.999 (R=0.100^*)