膜下咸水滴灌水肥盐调控对棉花生长及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.011

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (6): 1389-1397.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.011

• 种质资源·耕作栽培·生理生化·土壤肥料·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

膜下咸水滴灌水肥盐调控对棉花生长及产量的影响

江柱¹^,²(), 张江辉², 白云岗²(), 杨鹏年¹, 刘洪波², 肖军², 刘旭辉²^,³

1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐 830049
3.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2022-10-09 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-06-20
通信作者: 白云岗(1974-),男,新疆奇台人,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为农业水土工程,(E-mail) xjbaiyg@sina.com
作者简介:江柱(1996-),男,四川自贡人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农田水利工程,(E-mail)jiangzhu55@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-1);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”创新领军人才培养计划

Effects of fertilizer and salt regulation on cotton growth and yield under plastic film drip irrigation

JIANG Zhu¹^,²(), ZHANG Jianghui², BAI Yungang²(), YANG Pengnian¹, LIU Hongbo², XIAO Jun², LIU Xuhui²^,³

1. College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Urumqi 830049, China
3. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China

Received:2022-10-09 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-06-20
Correspondence author: BAI Yungang(1974-),male, Qitai, Xinjiang, Professor-level senior engineer, The research direction is agricultural water and soil engineering,(E-mail) xjbaiyg@sina.com
Supported by:
The Major S & T Research Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020A01002-1);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Tianshan Talents" talent training project

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究膜下咸水滴灌条件下利用咸水资源高效的水肥盐综合管理模式。【方法】设置不同淡咸水混合比例和施氮量,观测不同生育期棉花生长指标,通过最终产量分析水氮利用效率,分析适宜的淡咸水混合比例和施氮量。【结果】棉花各项生长指标和产量受灌溉水矿化度和施氮量影响显著(P<0.05);随着灌溉水矿化度的增加,棉花各生长指标和籽棉产量显著降低(P<0.01),而增施氮肥能显著提高棉花各生长指标和籽棉产量(P<0.05)。将淡水与咸水混合灌溉,灌溉淡水利用效率显著提高(P<0.01);增施氮肥可以显著提高灌溉淡水利用效率(P<0.01)和水分利用效率(P<0.05),而偏肥生产力降低(P<0.01);再利用咸水与淡水混合灌溉时,除需控制混合灌溉水矿化度外,在增施氮肥提高产量的同时还需控制施氮量保证氮肥利用效率。【结论】淡咸比例4∶1灌溉合理的增施氮肥在减少20%淡水使用的情况下,产量(6 829.80 kg/hm²)和水分利用效率(0.97 kg/m³)达到了对照处理水平。

关键词: 棉花; 膜下滴灌; 咸水; 氮肥; 生长指标; 产量; 水氮利用效率

Abstract:

【Objective】 Fertilizer and salt using salt water resources under film salt water drip irrigation aiming at the arid environment in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 In this experiment, different salt water mixing ratio of light and salt water and nitrogen application were set, the cotton growth indexes in different reproductive periods were observed, and the water and nitrogen utilization efficiency was analyzed through the final yield to determine the appropriate mixing proportion of light and salt water and nitrogen application rate.【Results】 the growth indexes and yield of cotton were significantly affected by the salinity of irrigation water and the amount of nitrogen application(P<0.05); With the increase of salinity of irrigation water, the growth indexes of cotton and the yield of seed cotton decreased significantly(P<0.001), while the increase of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly improve the growth indexes of cotton and the yield of seed cotton(P<0.05). Mixing fresh water and salt water for irrigation can significantly improve the utilization efficiency of irrigation fresh water(P<0.001); At the same time, increasing nitrogen fertilizer can significantly improve the irrigation fresh water use efficiency(P<0.001) and water use efficiency(P<0.05), while the partial fertilizer productivity decreases(P<0.001); Therefore, when reusing the mixed irrigation of salt water and fresh water, in addition to controlling the salinity of mixed irrigation water, it is also necessary to control the amount of nitrogen application while increasing the yield and ensuring the nitrogen use efficiency.【Conclusion】 Under the condition of reducing the use of fresh water by 20%, the yield (6,829.80 kg/hm²) and water use efficiency (0.97 kg/m³) reach the control treatment level.

Key words: cotton; mulched drip irrigation; salt water; nitrogenous fertilizer; growth index; yield; water and nitrogen utilization efficiency

中图分类号:

S562
S14

江柱, 张江辉, 白云岗, 杨鹏年, 刘洪波, 肖军, 刘旭辉. 膜下咸水滴灌水肥盐调控对棉花生长及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1389-1397.

JIANG Zhu, ZHANG Jianghui, BAI Yungang, YANG Pengnian, LIU Hongbo, XIAO Jun, LIU Xuhui. Effects of fertilizer and salt regulation on cotton growth and yield under plastic film drip irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(6): 1389-1397.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling stage	蕾期 Bud stage			花铃期 Flowering and Bolling stage	吐絮期 Boll opening stage
处理 Treatment	12~47 d	57 d	67 d	77 d	83~123 d	123~156 d
C₁N₁	10.2^a	40.2^a	63.3^a	82.8^a	88.5^a	88.7^a
C₁N₂	10.3^a	40.5^a	63.2^a	80.4^ab	85.5^ab	86.3^a
C₁N₃	10.2^a	39.5^ab	62.3^ab	78.7^abc	82.2^abc	82.1^ab
C₂N₁	10.3^a	40.5^a	62.7^a	77.3^abcd	81.3^abc	81.9^ab
C₂N₂	10.1^a	40.1^a	61.3^ab	74.8^abcd	78.7^bcd	78.2^abc
C₂N₃	10.1^a	38.2^ab	58.5^ab	71.1^bcde	74.5^cde	74.3^abc
C₃N₁	10.2^a	37.7^ab	58.1^ab	68.6^cde	71.5^de	69.7^bc
C₃N₂	10.2^a	34.4^b	54.3^ab	66.8^de	69.5^e	68.8^bc
C₃N₃	10.1^a	34.7^b	48.1^b	61.4^e	66.8^e	65.7^c
两因素(F值)Two-way ANOVA(F value)
淡咸水混合比例 Combination (C)		10.45^***	13.03^***	32.23^***	29.40^***	25.56^***
施氮量 Nitrogen (N)		1.71^ns	3.59^*	4.88^*	3.82^*	3.05^ns
淡咸水混合比例×施氮量 Interaction (C×N)		0.60^ns	1.03^ns	0.19^ns	0.045^ns	0.11^ns

处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling stage	蕾期 Bud stage			花铃期 Flowering and Bolling stage	吐絮期 Boll opening stage
处理 Treatment	12~47 d	57 d	67 d	77 d	83~123 d	123~156 d
C₁N₁	10.2^a	40.2^a	63.3^a	82.8^a	88.5^a	88.7^a
C₁N₂	10.3^a	40.5^a	63.2^a	80.4^ab	85.5^ab	86.3^a
C₁N₃	10.2^a	39.5^ab	62.3^ab	78.7^abc	82.2^abc	82.1^ab
C₂N₁	10.3^a	40.5^a	62.7^a	77.3^abcd	81.3^abc	81.9^ab
C₂N₂	10.1^a	40.1^a	61.3^ab	74.8^abcd	78.7^bcd	78.2^abc
C₂N₃	10.1^a	38.2^ab	58.5^ab	71.1^bcde	74.5^cde	74.3^abc
C₃N₁	10.2^a	37.7^ab	58.1^ab	68.6^cde	71.5^de	69.7^bc
C₃N₂	10.2^a	34.4^b	54.3^ab	66.8^de	69.5^e	68.8^bc
C₃N₃	10.1^a	34.7^b	48.1^b	61.4^e	66.8^e	65.7^c
两因素(F值)Two-way ANOVA(F value)
淡咸水混合比例 Combination (C)		10.45^***	13.03^***	32.23^***	29.40^***	25.56^***
施氮量 Nitrogen (N)		1.71^ns	3.59^*	4.88^*	3.82^*	3.05^ns
淡咸水混合比例×施氮量 Interaction (C×N)		0.60^ns	1.03^ns	0.19^ns	0.045^ns	0.11^ns

处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling stage	蕾期 Bud stage			花铃期 Flowering and Bolling stage	吐絮期 Boll opening stage
处理 Treatment	12~47 d	57 d	67 d	77 d	83~123 d	123~156 d
C₁N₁	0.64^a	2.01^a	3.28^a	4.57^a	5.08^a	4.24^ab
C₁N₂	0.64^a	2.20^a	3.24^a	4.14^a	4.54^ab	3.94^abc
C₁N₃	0.62^a	2.05^a	3.35^a	4.05^a	4.51^ab	3.84^abc
C₂N₁	0.57^a	2.18^a	3.31^a	4.10^a	4.46^ab	4.34^a
C₂N₂	0.60^a	1.88^ab	2.95^ab	3.82^a	4.16^bc	3.93^abc
C₂N₃	0.55^a	1.73^b	2.69^abc	3.79^a	4.02^bc	3.79^abc
C₃N₁	0.63^a	2.16^a	2.67^abc	2.95^c	4.08^bc	3.38^bc
C₃N₂	0.55^a	1.95^ab	2.29^bc	2.87^c	3.56^c	3.30^bc
C₃N₃	0.55^a	1.73^b	1.99^c	2.74^c	3.42^c	3.10^c
两因素(F值)Two-way ANOVA(F value)
淡咸水混合比例 Combination (C)		0.49^ns	19.16^***	50.05^***	25.50^***	14.61^***
施氮量 Nitrogen (N)		3.88^*	3.24^*	3.23^*	8.74^**	3.35^*
淡咸水混合比例×施氮量 Interaction (C×N)		1.21^ns	1.13^ns	0.31^ns	0.07^ns	0.20^ns

处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling stage	蕾期 Bud stage			花铃期 Flowering and Bolling stage	吐絮期 Boll opening stage
处理 Treatment	12~47 d	57 d	67 d	77 d	83~123 d	123~156 d
C₁N₁	0.64^a	2.01^a	3.28^a	4.57^a	5.08^a	4.24^ab
C₁N₂	0.64^a	2.20^a	3.24^a	4.14^a	4.54^ab	3.94^abc
C₁N₃	0.62^a	2.05^a	3.35^a	4.05^a	4.51^ab	3.84^abc
C₂N₁	0.57^a	2.18^a	3.31^a	4.10^a	4.46^ab	4.34^a
C₂N₂	0.60^a	1.88^ab	2.95^ab	3.82^a	4.16^bc	3.93^abc
C₂N₃	0.55^a	1.73^b	2.69^abc	3.79^a	4.02^bc	3.79^abc
C₃N₁	0.63^a	2.16^a	2.67^abc	2.95^c	4.08^bc	3.38^bc
C₃N₂	0.55^a	1.95^ab	2.29^bc	2.87^c	3.56^c	3.30^bc
C₃N₃	0.55^a	1.73^b	1.99^c	2.74^c	3.42^c	3.10^c
两因素(F值)Two-way ANOVA(F value)
淡咸水混合比例 Combination (C)		0.49^ns	19.16^***	50.05^***	25.50^***	14.61^***
施氮量 Nitrogen (N)		3.88^*	3.24^*	3.23^*	8.74^**	3.35^*
淡咸水混合比例×施氮量 Interaction (C×N)		1.21^ns	1.13^ns	0.31^ns	0.07^ns	0.20^ns

处理 Treatment	方程 Equation	V_m (g/d)	t₀ (d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	Δt (d)	A (g/株)	R²
C₁N₁	Y=107.54/[1+e⁽⁶^.^93-0^.⁰⁷⁸^t⁾]	2.10	89	72	106	34	107.54	0.960
C₁N₂	Y=102.83/[1+e⁽⁶^.^79-0^.⁰⁷⁷^t⁾]	1.98	88	71	105	34	102.83	0.943
C₁N₃	Y=98.16/[1+e⁽³^.^39-0^.⁰⁷²^t⁾]	1.77	89	70	107	37	98.16	0.961
C₂N₁	Y=104.51/[1+e⁽⁶^.^16-0^.⁰⁶⁸^t⁾]	1.78	91	71	110	39	104.51	0.976
C₂N₂	Y=88.70/[1+e⁽⁵^.^80-0^.⁰⁶⁵^t⁾]	1.44	89	69	109	41	88.70	0.930
C₂N₃	Y=85.24/[1+e⁽⁵^.^86-0^.⁰⁶²^t⁾]	1.32	95	73	116	42	85.24	0.960
C₃N₁	Y=88.79/[1+e⁽⁷^.^41-0^.⁰⁷⁹^t⁾]	1.75	94	77	110	33	88.24	0.941
C₃N₂	Y=75.17/[1+e⁽⁶^.^47-0^.⁰⁷⁰^t⁾]	1.32	92	74	111	38	75.17	0.945
C₃N₃	Y=74.45/[1+e⁽⁶^.^40-0^.⁰⁶⁸^t⁾]	1.27	94	75	113	39	74.45	0.952

膜下咸水滴灌水肥盐调控对棉花生长及产量的影响

Effects of fertilizer and salt regulation on cotton growth and yield under plastic film drip irrigation

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Metrics

处理 Treatment	产量及产量构成因子 Yield and yield components			IWUE (kg/m³)	IFWUE (kg/m³)	WUE (kg/m³)	PFPN (kg/kg)
处理 Treatment	单株铃数 Bolls (个)	百铃重 Hundred bell weight (g)	籽棉产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	IWUE (kg/m³)	IFWUE (kg/m³)	WUE (kg/m³)	PFPN (kg/kg)
C₁N₁	5.89^a	550.88^a	6 921.75^a	1.44^a	1.44^d	0.97^a	17.30^cde
C₁N₂	5.85^a	552.82^a	6 899.70^a	1.44^a	1.44^d	0.98^a	23.00^bc
C₁N₃	5.82^b	547.51^ab	6 432.75^b	1.34^ab	1.34^d	0.91^a	32.20^a
C₂N₁	5.84^a	551.35^a	6 829.80^a	1.42^a	1.78^c	0.97^ab	17.07^cde
C₂N₂	5.75^b	545.52^b	6 191.55^b	1.29^abc	1.61^cd	0.88^ab	20.64^bcd
C₂N₃	5.10^cd	542.07^bc	5 202.30^cd	1.08^bcd	1.35^d	0.74^ab	26.01^b
C₃N₁	5.19^c	530.20^bc	5 271.30^bc	1.10^bcd	2.75^a	0.74^ab	13.18^e
C₃N₂	4.80^d	526.22^cd	4 852.80^cd	1.01^cd	2.53^ab	0.68^ab	16.18^de
C₃N₃	4.78^d	507.54^d	4 297.20^d	0.90^d	2.24^b	0.61^b	21.49^bcd
两因素(F值)Two-way ANOVA(F value)
淡咸水混合比例 Combination (C)	35.63^***	33.58^***	93.13^***	37.62^***	314.81^***	17.92^***	29.64^***
施氮量Nitrogen (N)	14.87^**	9.09^*	26.07^***	10.57^**	27.60^***	4.57^*	65.81^***
淡咸水混合比例×施氮量 Combination ×Nitrogen (C×N)	1.85^ns	1.09^ns	2.67^ns	1.13^ns	3.55^*	0.58^ns	2.53^ns

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