不同出苗水量对棉田土壤含盐量及棉花生育的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (10): 2352-2360.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

不同出苗水量对棉田土壤含盐量及棉花生育的影响

万亚楠¹(), 邢植¹, 石元强¹, 王潭刚², 王冀川¹(), 李慧琴², 马丽², 李文君¹, 吴冰荣¹

1.塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所,新疆图木舒克 843901

收稿日期:2023-01-10 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-11-01
通信作者: 王冀川(1968-),男,河北廊坊人,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为作物高效栽培生理生态,(E-mail)wjcwzy@126.com
作者简介:万亚楠(1998-),女,河南驻马店人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物栽培生理,(E-mail)3062881276@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团科技创新人才计划项目“小海子垦区机采棉植保无人机飞喷防控技术创新与示范”(2021CB054);新疆生产建设兵团第三师图木舒克市科技计划项目“基于物联网的棉花水肥一体化智慧管理系统示范”(KJ2022CG07);新疆生产建设兵团科技计划项目南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划“智慧施肥云工厂关键技术装备研发与示范”(2022DB002);塔里木大学校长基金-乡村振兴项目“棉花水肥智慧管理与无人机调控技术集成与示范”(TDZXZX202305)

Effects of different seedling emergence water on soil salt content and cotton growth

WAN Yanan¹(), XING Zhi¹, SHI Yuanqiang¹, WANG Tangang², WANG Jichuan¹(), LI Huiqin², MA Li², LI Wenjun¹, WU Bingrong¹

1. College of agriculture, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300,China
2. Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology of Third Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Tumushuker Xinjiang 843901,China

Received:2023-01-10 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-11-01
Correspondence author: WANG Jichuan(1968- ), male, native place: Langfang, Hebei. Professor, master supervisor, research field: Physiology and ecology of crop efficient cultivation. (E-mail) wjcwzy@126.com
Supported by:
Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Science and Technology Innovation Talent Plan Project "Innovation and Demonstration of UAV Spray Prevention and Control Technology for Mechanized Cotton Plant Protection in Xiaohaizi Reclamation Area"(2021CB054);Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Third Division Tumushuke City Science and Technology Plan Project "Demonstration of Cotton Water and Fertilizer Integrated Intelligent Management System Based on the Internet of Things"(KJ2022CG07);The South Xinjiang Key Industry Innovation and Development Support Plan of the Corps Technology Plan Project "Research and Demonstration of Key Technical Equipment for Smart Fertilization Cloud Factory"(2022DB002);Tarim University President's Fund - Rural Revitalization Project "Integration and Demonstration of Intelligent Management of Cotton Water and Fertilizer and UAV Control Technology"(TDZXZX202305)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究免冬灌、春灌条件下滴水出苗对新疆南疆棉田土壤盐分特征及棉花生长的影响。【方法】 以新陆中67号为材料,设置3个出苗滴水量,分别为150 m³/hm²(W₁)、300 m³/hm²(W₂)和450 m³/hm²(W₃),测定土壤pH及含盐量的动态变化、棉花出苗率、农艺性状、干物质积累特征及产量性状等指标。【结果】 W₃、W₂和W₁处理的表层土壤pH在出苗期分别比播种期降低了0.57、0.43和0.19,含盐量分别降低了44.19%、38.70%和28.72%,但在盛蕾期以后洗盐效果逐渐下降。W₂处理的出苗率最高达87.31%,较W₃、W₁分别增加了11.44和5.78百分点。出苗水量越大,棉株农艺性状指标值越大,W₃处理的株高和茎粗较W₂、W₁分别增加了2.71%、8.31%和5.15%、8.19%,W₃处理的平均叶面积指数较W₂、W₁分别增加了7.57%、11.46%。 W₃处理的地上部总干物质积累量较W₂、W₁分别增加了5.44%、7.75%,茎干物质分配系数表现为W₁>W₂>W₃,叶和生殖器官干物质分配系数表现为W₃>W₂>W₁。出苗水量对单株铃数有一定影响,对铃重和衣分影响不大,W₃处理的单株铃数、铃重和衣分最大,但W₂处理的收获密度最大,W₂处理的产量最高,但与W₃处理无显著差异。【结论】 较高的出苗水量能明显降低出苗期土壤表层pH值和含盐量,促进棉株生长和干物质的有效积累,有利于单株产量构成因素的形成,但灌水量过高会影响出苗率,300~450 m³/hm²的出苗滴水量棉花产量较高。

关键词: 棉花; 滴水出苗; 滴水量; 盐分含量; 农艺性状; 干物质; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to study the effects of drip seedling emergence on soil salt characteristics and cotton growth in cotton field in southern Xinjiang under the condition of no irrigation in winter and spring.【Methods】 Xinluzhong 67 was taken as the test material, three seedling emergence water quantities, 150 m³/hm² (W₁), 300 m³/hm² (W₂) and 450 m³/hm² (W₃) respectively, were set to observe the dynamic changes of soil pH and salt content, cotton seedling emergence rate, agronomic characters, dry matter accumulation characteristics and yield characteristics.【Results】 The pH of topsoil treated with W₃, W₂ and W₁ decreased by 0.57, 0.43 and 0.19, respectively at the seedling stage, and the salt content decreased by 44.19%, 38.70% and 28.72%, respectively, but the salt washing effect decreased gradually after the full bud stage.The emergence rate of W₂ treatment was 87.31%, which increased by 11.44 and 5.78 percentage points respectively compared with W₃ and W₁.The greater the amount of seedling emergence water, the greater the index value of cotton agronomic characters.The plant height and stem diameter of W₃ treatment increased by 2.71%, 8.31% and 5.15%, 8.18%, respectively compared with W₂ and W₁.The average leaf area index (LAI) of W₃ treatment increased by 7.57% and 11.46%, respectively compared with W₂ and W₁.The total dry matter accumulation of shoot treated with W₃ increased by 5.55% and 7.75%, respectively compared with W₂ and W₁.The dry matter distribution coefficient of stem was W₁ > W₂ > W₃, and that of leaf and reproductive organ was W₃ > W₂ > W₁.The amount of seedling emergence water had a certain impact on the number of bolls per plant, but had little impact on the boll weight and lint percentage.The number of bolls per plant, boll weight and lint percentage of W₃ treatment were the largest, but the harvested density of W₂ treatment was the largest, and the final yield of W₂ treatment was the highest, but there was no significant difference with W₃ treatment.【Conclusion】 Higher seedling emergence water can significantly reduce the pH value and salt content of soil surface during seedling emergence, promote the growth of cotton plant and the effective accumulation of dry matter, which is conducive to the formation of yield components per plant.However, too much irrigation will affect the seedling emergence rate.The yield is higher when the seedling emergence water of drip irrigation is 300~450 m³/hm².

Key words: cotton; drip emergence; irrigation quantity; salt content; agronomic characters; dry matter; yield

中图分类号:

S562

万亚楠, 邢植, 石元强, 王潭刚, 王冀川, 李慧琴, 马丽, 李文君, 吴冰荣. 不同出苗水量对棉田土壤含盐量及棉花生育的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(10): 2352-2360.

WAN Yanan, XING Zhi, SHI Yuanqiang, WANG Tangang, WANG Jichuan, LI Huiqin, MA Li, LI Wenjun, WU Bingrong. Effects of different seedling emergence water on soil salt content and cotton growth[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(10): 2352-2360.

图/表 8

图1 不同处理下土壤pH(A)、盐分含量(B)变化

Fig.1 Changes of soil pH(A) and salt content(B)in different treatments

图2 不同处理下棉花出苗率变化注:不同小写字母间表示在0.05水平差异显著,下同

Fig.2 Cotton emergence rate under different treatments Note:Different lowercase letters mean significant difference at 0.05 probability level, the same as below

图3 不同处理下棉花株高(A)及茎粗(B)变化注:同列不同小写字母表示同一时期下不同灌水处理间差异显著(P<0.05),下同

Fig.3 Variation of plant height(A) and stem diameter(B) of cotton under different treatments Note:Different lowercase letters in the same column meant significant difference among different irrigation treatments in the same period (P < 0.05),the same as below.

图4 不同处理下棉花叶面积指数变化

Fig.4 Changes of cotton leaf area index under different treatments

图5 不同处理下棉花干物质积累变化注:S、L、RO分别表示茎秆、叶片、生殖器官

Fig.5 Changes of dry matter accumulation of cotton under different treatments Note:S, L and RO in the icon represent stem, leaf and reproductive organ, respectively

表1 不同处理下棉花干物质积累方程及在各器官的分配

Tab.1 Dry matter accumulation equation and distribution in various organs of cotton under different treatments

处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	茎秆 Stem		叶 Leaf		生殖器官 Reproductive organs
处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	干质量 Dry weight (kg/hm²)	分配系数 Partition coefficient (%)	干质量 Dry weight (kg/hm²)	分配系数 Partition coefficient (%)	干质量 Dry weight ( kg/hm²)	分配系数 Partition coefficient (%)
W₁	Y=15 085.480 1/(1+ $e (3.692 3 - 0.052 1 X)$ )	2 705.85^c	18.74^a	1 490.67^c	10.33^b	10 001.10^b	70.44^b
W₂	Y=17 835.668 7/(1+ $e (4.445 0 - 0.058 1 X)$ )	3 060.40^b	17.74^a	2 334.30^b	13.53^a	12 245.60^a	71.84^b
W₃	Y=21 676.887 2/(1+ $e (3.795 1 - 0.050 2 X)$ )	3 480.76^a	17.45^a	2 850.71^a	14.29^a	15 324.50^a	75.29^a

表1 不同处理下棉花干物质积累方程及在各器官的分配

Tab.1 Dry matter accumulation equation and distribution in various organs of cotton under different treatments

处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	茎秆 Stem		叶 Leaf		生殖器官 Reproductive organs
处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	干质量 Dry weight (kg/hm²)	分配系数 Partition coefficient (%)	干质量 Dry weight (kg/hm²)	分配系数 Partition coefficient (%)	干质量 Dry weight ( kg/hm²)	分配系数 Partition coefficient (%)
W₁	Y=15 085.480 1/(1+ $e (3.692 3 - 0.052 1 X)$ )	2 705.85^c	18.74^a	1 490.67^c	10.33^b	10 001.10^b	70.44^b
W₂	Y=17 835.668 7/(1+ $e (4.445 0 - 0.058 1 X)$ )	3 060.40^b	17.74^a	2 334.30^b	13.53^a	12 245.60^a	71.84^b
W₃	Y=21 676.887 2/(1+ $e (3.795 1 - 0.050 2 X)$ )	3 480.76^a	17.45^a	2 850.71^a	14.29^a	15 324.50^a	75.29^a

表2 不同处理下棉花干物质积累动态的特征值

Tab.2 Characteristic values of dry matter accumulation dynamics of cotton under different treatments

处理 Treatment	c (kg/hm²)	V_m (kg/(hm²·d))	t_m (d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	t (d)	G_t (kg/hm²)
W₁	15 085.48^c	196.49^c	70.87^c	45.59^c	96.15^c	50.56^b	9 934.53^c
W₂	17 835.67^b	259.06^b	76.51^a	53.84^a	99.17^b	45.33^c	11 743.19^b
W₃	21 676.89^a	272.04^a	75.60^b	49.37^b	101.83^a	52.47^a	14 273.94^a

表3 不同处理下棉花产量及其构成因素

Tab.3 Cotton yield and its components under different treatments

处理 Treatment	收获密度 Harvest density (10⁴/hm²)	单株铃数 Bolls per plant (个/株)	铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg/hm²)
W₁	17.94±0.27^c	6.75±0.15^b	4.98±0.20^a	42.69±1.66^a	6 030.53±271.51^b	2 574.43±127.01^b
W₂	20.69±0.31^a	7.08±0.20^ab	5.08±0.23^a	43.13±2.69^a	7 441.74±143.97^a	3 209.62±62.09^a
W₃	19.26±0.30^b	7.12±0.11^a	5.16±0.08^a	43.14±0.87^a	7 074.35±126.41^a	3 051.88±54.75^a

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不同出苗水量对棉田土壤含盐量及棉花生育的影响

Effects of different seedling emergence water on soil salt content and cotton growth

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