种植模式与缩节胺对重播棉花株型及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究种植模式和缩节胺对重播棉花株型及产量的影响,为指导新疆南疆棉花轻简化栽培和培育机采棉最佳株型提供参考。【方法】 在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县进行源棉11号品种种植模式和缩节胺的互作试验,种植模式设置76 cm等行距、(66+10)cm宽窄行2个水平,缩节胺用量设置288、408和543 g/hm² 3个水平。【结果】 76 cm等行距种植模式能加速灾后重播棉花生育进程,吐絮提前,单株叶面积峰值提前,棉花提前进入营养生长向生殖生长的转运,其株型也能达到机采的标准,产量品质也有所提升。而增施缩节胺可显著降低节间长,增大比叶重,叶片光合产物积累较多,最终提高棉花产量。【结论】 重播棉田采用76 cm等行距种植,棉花全生育期喷施543 g/hm²的缩节胺,可促进棉花早熟并获较好产量,而(66+10)cm宽窄行种植模式的重播棉田,可使用408 g/hm²剂量缩节胺进行喷施。

关键词: 棉花; 重播; 种植模式; 缩节胺; 株型

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effects of planting modes and DPC on the structure and function of cotton under the condition of replanting.The results are of great significance for guiding the light and simplified cultivation of cotton in southern Xinjiang and the optimal plant type of cotton picked by machine.【Methods】 The interaction experiment between Yuanmian 11 planting mode and DPC was carried out in Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang.The planting mode was set at 76cm equal row spacing, (66 + 10) cm wide and narrow rows, and the dosage of DPC was set at 288,408,543 g / hm²,3 levels.【Results】 The 76 cm planting pattern with equal row spacing could accelerate the growth process of post-disaster reseeding cotton, advance the opening of bolls, advance the peak leaf area per plant, advance the transfer of vegetative growth to reproductive growth of cotton, and its plant type could meet the standard of machine harvesting, and the yield and quality were also improved.The internode length, specific leaf weight and photosynthetic product accumulation of leaves were significantly decreased by increasing DPC application, which ultimately increased cotton yield.【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis shows that planting with 76 cm equal row spacing and spraying 543 g/hm² DPC in the whole growth period of cotton can promote cotton early maturity and get better yield, while DPC could be applied 408 g/hm² in (66+10) cm planting pattern.

Key words: cotton; resow; planting patterns; DPC; plant type

中图分类号:

S562

翟梦华, 周志刚, 孙明辉, 代健敏, 张巨松. 种植模式与缩节胺对重播棉花株型及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(10): 2361-2370.

ZHAI Menghua, ZHOU Zhigang, SUN Minghui, DAI Jianmin, ZHANG Jusong. Effects of planting pattern and DPC on plant type and yield of resown cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(10): 2361-2370.

图/表 10

参考文献 31

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土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	pH	全氮含量 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	有机质含量 Organic matter (g/kg)	速效氮含量 Available nitrogen (mg/kg)	速效磷含量 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾含量 Available potassium (mg/kg)
0~20	8.25	0.3	6.21	30.8	25.7	117
20~40	8.67	0.22	4.24	11.2	8	68
40~60	8.26	0.19	3.44	16.8	8.8	106

土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	pH	全氮含量 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	有机质含量 Organic matter (g/kg)	速效氮含量 Available nitrogen (mg/kg)	速效磷含量 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾含量 Available potassium (mg/kg)
0~20	8.25	0.3	6.21	30.8	25.7	117
20~40	8.67	0.22	4.24	11.2	8	68
40~60	8.26	0.19	3.44	16.8	8.8	106

缩节胺剂量 DPC dose	2片真叶 2 true leaves	4片真叶 4 true leaves	盛蕾期 Full bud stage	盛花期 Full flowering stage	打顶后7 d 7 days after topping	总量 Total dose
B₁	10.5	30	45	52.5	150	288
B₂	10.5	60	75	112.5	150	408
B₃	10.5	90	105	187.5	150	543

缩节胺剂量 DPC dose	2片真叶 2 true leaves	4片真叶 4 true leaves	盛蕾期 Full bud stage	盛花期 Full flowering stage	打顶后7 d 7 days after topping	总量 Total dose
B₁	10.5	30	45	52.5	150	288
B₂	10.5	60	75	112.5	150	408
B₃	10.5	90	105	187.5	150	543

种植模式 Planting patterns	化控剂量 DPC dose	出苗 Emergency (M/D)	现蕾 Full Squaringy (M/D)	初花 Flower Opening (M/D)	盛花 Full blossom (M/D)	盛铃 Full boll (M/D)	吐絮 Boll Opening (M/D)	生育期 Growth Stage(d)
	B₁	5/28	6/22	7/20	8/3	8/23	10/5	130
A₁	B₂	5/28	6/22	7/18	7/30	8/21	10/2	125
	B₃	5/28	6/22	7/16	7/28	8/17	9/28	122
	B₁	5/28	6/22	7/19	8/5	8/26	10/8	132
A₂	B₂	5/28	6/22	7/19	8/2	8/25	10/5	129
	B₃	5/28	6/22	7/18	8/2	8/24	10/5	129