新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (10): 2361-2370.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.003
收稿日期:
2023-01-11
出版日期:
2023-10-20
发布日期:
2023-11-01
通信作者:
张巨松(1963-),男,江苏人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为棉花高产栽培与生理生态,(E-mail)作者简介:
翟梦华(1997-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花高产栽培,(E-mail)2846775389@qq.com
基金资助:
ZHAI Menghua(), ZHOU Zhigang, SUN Minghui, DAI Jianmin, ZHANG Jusong()
Received:
2023-01-11
Online:
2023-10-20
Published:
2023-11-01
Correspondence author:
ZHANG Jusong (1963-), male, Jiangdu, Jiangsu, professor, research direction is high-yield cultivation of cotton physiological ecology, (E-mail)Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】 研究种植模式和缩节胺对重播棉花株型及产量的影响,为指导新疆南疆棉花轻简化栽培和培育机采棉最佳株型提供参考。【方法】 在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县进行源棉11号品种种植模式和缩节胺的互作试验,种植模式设置76 cm等行距、(66+10)cm宽窄行2个水平,缩节胺用量设置288、408和543 g/hm2 3个水平。【结果】 76 cm等行距种植模式能加速灾后重播棉花生育进程,吐絮提前,单株叶面积峰值提前,棉花提前进入营养生长向生殖生长的转运,其株型也能达到机采的标准,产量品质也有所提升。而增施缩节胺可显著降低节间长,增大比叶重,叶片光合产物积累较多,最终提高棉花产量。【结论】 重播棉田采用76 cm等行距种植,棉花全生育期喷施543 g/hm2的缩节胺,可促进棉花早熟并获较好产量,而(66+10)cm宽窄行种植模式的重播棉田,可使用408 g/hm2剂量缩节胺进行喷施。
中图分类号:
翟梦华, 周志刚, 孙明辉, 代健敏, 张巨松. 种植模式与缩节胺对重播棉花株型及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(10): 2361-2370.
ZHAI Menghua, ZHOU Zhigang, SUN Minghui, DAI Jianmin, ZHANG Jusong. Effects of planting pattern and DPC on plant type and yield of resown cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(10): 2361-2370.
土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | pH | 全氮含量 Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 有机质含量 Organic matter (g/kg) | 速效氮含量 Available nitrogen (mg/kg) | 速效磷含量 Available phosphorus (mg/kg) | 速效钾含量 Available potassium (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 | 8.25 | 0.3 | 6.21 | 30.8 | 25.7 | 117 |
20~40 | 8.67 | 0.22 | 4.24 | 11.2 | 8 | 68 |
40~60 | 8.26 | 0.19 | 3.44 | 16.8 | 8.8 | 106 |
表1 土壤基础肥力
Tab.1 Original soil-fertility
土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | pH | 全氮含量 Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 有机质含量 Organic matter (g/kg) | 速效氮含量 Available nitrogen (mg/kg) | 速效磷含量 Available phosphorus (mg/kg) | 速效钾含量 Available potassium (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 | 8.25 | 0.3 | 6.21 | 30.8 | 25.7 | 117 |
20~40 | 8.67 | 0.22 | 4.24 | 11.2 | 8 | 68 |
40~60 | 8.26 | 0.19 | 3.44 | 16.8 | 8.8 | 106 |
缩节胺 剂量 DPC dose | 2片真叶 2 true leaves | 4片真叶 4 true leaves | 盛蕾期 Full bud stage | 盛花期 Full flowering stage | 打顶后7 d 7 days after topping | 总量 Total dose |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B1 | 10.5 | 30 | 45 | 52.5 | 150 | 288 |
B2 | 10.5 | 60 | 75 | 112.5 | 150 | 408 |
B3 | 10.5 | 90 | 105 | 187.5 | 150 | 543 |
表2 缩节胺喷施时期与用量
Tab.2 spraying period and dosage of DPC(g/hm2)
缩节胺 剂量 DPC dose | 2片真叶 2 true leaves | 4片真叶 4 true leaves | 盛蕾期 Full bud stage | 盛花期 Full flowering stage | 打顶后7 d 7 days after topping | 总量 Total dose |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B1 | 10.5 | 30 | 45 | 52.5 | 150 | 288 |
B2 | 10.5 | 60 | 75 | 112.5 | 150 | 408 |
B3 | 10.5 | 90 | 105 | 187.5 | 150 | 543 |
种植 模式 Planting patterns | 化控剂量 DPC dose | 出苗 Emergency (M/D) | 现蕾 Full Squaringy (M/D) | 初花 Flower Opening (M/D) | 盛花 Full blossom (M/D) | 盛铃 Full boll (M/D) | 吐絮 Boll Opening (M/D) | 生育期 Growth Stage(d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B1 | 5/28 | 6/22 | 7/20 | 8/3 | 8/23 | 10/5 | 130 | |
A1 | B2 | 5/28 | 6/22 | 7/18 | 7/30 | 8/21 | 10/2 | 125 |
B3 | 5/28 | 6/22 | 7/16 | 7/28 | 8/17 | 9/28 | 122 | |
B1 | 5/28 | 6/22 | 7/19 | 8/5 | 8/26 | 10/8 | 132 | |
A2 | B2 | 5/28 | 6/22 | 7/19 | 8/2 | 8/25 | 10/5 | 129 |
B3 | 5/28 | 6/22 | 7/18 | 8/2 | 8/24 | 10/5 | 129 |
表3 种植模式与缩节胺处理下棉花生育进程变化
Tab.3 Comparison of cotton growth period under different treatments
种植 模式 Planting patterns | 化控剂量 DPC dose | 出苗 Emergency (M/D) | 现蕾 Full Squaringy (M/D) | 初花 Flower Opening (M/D) | 盛花 Full blossom (M/D) | 盛铃 Full boll (M/D) | 吐絮 Boll Opening (M/D) | 生育期 Growth Stage(d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B1 | 5/28 | 6/22 | 7/20 | 8/3 | 8/23 | 10/5 | 130 | |
A1 | B2 | 5/28 | 6/22 | 7/18 | 7/30 | 8/21 | 10/2 | 125 |
B3 | 5/28 | 6/22 | 7/16 | 7/28 | 8/17 | 9/28 | 122 | |
B1 | 5/28 | 6/22 | 7/19 | 8/5 | 8/26 | 10/8 | 132 | |
A2 | B2 | 5/28 | 6/22 | 7/19 | 8/2 | 8/25 | 10/5 | 129 |
B3 | 5/28 | 6/22 | 7/18 | 8/2 | 8/24 | 10/5 | 129 |
种植 模式 Planting patterns | 缩节胺 剂量 DPC dose | 主茎真 叶数 Number leaves (片) | 始果枝 高度 Branch height envoy (cm) | 倒四叶宽 Pour the four blade width (cm) | 果枝长度 Branch length (cm) | 叶柄长度 Petiole lenght (cm) | 主茎节间 长度 Internode length (cm) | 果枝夹角 Branch Angle (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | B1 | 15.50c | 48.75a | 22.48a | 16.19a | 23.77a | 8.33a | 55.8a |
B2 | 15.50c | 33.75bc | 19.42b | 16.68a | 22.42ab | 7.76b | 54.14a | |
B3 | 16.50bc | 25.50c | 20.83ab | 16.83a | 21.02bc | 7.19c | 49.05c | |
A2 | B1 | 17.50abc | 41.70ab | 21.13ab | 17.26a | 22.83a | 8.29a | 53.43ab |
B2 | 18.00ab | 33.25bc | 20.47ab | 16.92a | 20.82c | 6.98c | 50.04bc | |
B3 | 19.50a | 24.75c | 20.01b | 13.03b | 21.28bc | 6.29d | 48.05c |
表 4 各处理棉花植株形态特征
Tab.4 Morphological characteristics of cotton plants in each treatmen
种植 模式 Planting patterns | 缩节胺 剂量 DPC dose | 主茎真 叶数 Number leaves (片) | 始果枝 高度 Branch height envoy (cm) | 倒四叶宽 Pour the four blade width (cm) | 果枝长度 Branch length (cm) | 叶柄长度 Petiole lenght (cm) | 主茎节间 长度 Internode length (cm) | 果枝夹角 Branch Angle (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | B1 | 15.50c | 48.75a | 22.48a | 16.19a | 23.77a | 8.33a | 55.8a |
B2 | 15.50c | 33.75bc | 19.42b | 16.68a | 22.42ab | 7.76b | 54.14a | |
B3 | 16.50bc | 25.50c | 20.83ab | 16.83a | 21.02bc | 7.19c | 49.05c | |
A2 | B1 | 17.50abc | 41.70ab | 21.13ab | 17.26a | 22.83a | 8.29a | 53.43ab |
B2 | 18.00ab | 33.25bc | 20.47ab | 16.92a | 20.82c | 6.98c | 50.04bc | |
B3 | 19.50a | 24.75c | 20.01b | 13.03b | 21.28bc | 6.29d | 48.05c |
种植模式 Planting patterns | 缩节胺剂量 DPC dose | 收获株数 Plant Number (104/hm2) | 单株结铃数 Boll number per plant (个) | 单铃重 Boll number per plant (g) | 衣分 Lint percentage (%) | 皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | B1 | 14.25a | 5.17bc | 6.10ab | 0.39a | 1 735.65ab |
B2 | 14.30a | 5.53ab | 6.28ab | 0.38a | 1 863.08ab | |
B3 | 14.10a | 6.09a | 6.45a | 0.38a | 2 107.62a | |
A2 | B1 | 13.65a | 4.78c | 5.74ab | 0.38a | 1 438.65b |
B2 | 15.15a | 5.35bc | 6.08ab | 0.38a | 1 887.05a | |
B3 | 14.75a | 4.89bc | 5.78b | 0.38a | 1 588.42ab | |
种植模式 Planting patterns | NS | ** | * | NS | NS | |
缩节胺DPC | NS | * | NS | NS | * | |
种植模式×缩节胺 Planting patterns×DPC | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
表5 种植模式与缩节胺处理下重播棉花产量构成因素变化
Tab.5 Effects of different treatments on cotton yield components
种植模式 Planting patterns | 缩节胺剂量 DPC dose | 收获株数 Plant Number (104/hm2) | 单株结铃数 Boll number per plant (个) | 单铃重 Boll number per plant (g) | 衣分 Lint percentage (%) | 皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | B1 | 14.25a | 5.17bc | 6.10ab | 0.39a | 1 735.65ab |
B2 | 14.30a | 5.53ab | 6.28ab | 0.38a | 1 863.08ab | |
B3 | 14.10a | 6.09a | 6.45a | 0.38a | 2 107.62a | |
A2 | B1 | 13.65a | 4.78c | 5.74ab | 0.38a | 1 438.65b |
B2 | 15.15a | 5.35bc | 6.08ab | 0.38a | 1 887.05a | |
B3 | 14.75a | 4.89bc | 5.78b | 0.38a | 1 588.42ab | |
种植模式 Planting patterns | NS | ** | * | NS | NS | |
缩节胺DPC | NS | * | NS | NS | * | |
种植模式×缩节胺 Planting patterns×DPC | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
性状 Traits | 倒四叶宽 Pour the four blade width | 果枝长度 Branch length | 叶柄长度 Petiole lenght | 主茎节间长度 Internode length | 果枝夹角 Branch Angle | 皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
倒四叶宽Pour the four blade width | 1 | |||||
果枝长度Branch length | 0.455 | 1 | ||||
叶柄长度Petiole lenght | -0.369 | -0.671** | 1 | |||
主茎节间长度Petiole lenght | 0.556* | 0.167 | -0.368 | 1 | ||
果枝夹角Branch Angle | 0.349 | 0.205 | -0.612** | 109 | 1 | |
皮棉产量Lint cotton yield | -0.267 | 0.146 | 0.230 | -0.488* | -0.471* | 1 |
表6 主要株型性状与皮棉产量相关性
Tab.6 Correlation analysis between main plant type traits and ginned cotton yield
性状 Traits | 倒四叶宽 Pour the four blade width | 果枝长度 Branch length | 叶柄长度 Petiole lenght | 主茎节间长度 Internode length | 果枝夹角 Branch Angle | 皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
倒四叶宽Pour the four blade width | 1 | |||||
果枝长度Branch length | 0.455 | 1 | ||||
叶柄长度Petiole lenght | -0.369 | -0.671** | 1 | |||
主茎节间长度Petiole lenght | 0.556* | 0.167 | -0.368 | 1 | ||
果枝夹角Branch Angle | 0.349 | 0.205 | -0.612** | 109 | 1 | |
皮棉产量Lint cotton yield | -0.267 | 0.146 | 0.230 | -0.488* | -0.471* | 1 |
种植模式 Planting pattern | 缩节胺剂量 DPC dose | 纤维长度 Fiber length (mm) | 纤维整齐度 Fiber uniformity (%) | 断裂比强度 Specific strength at break (cN/tex) | 伸长率 Fiber elongation (%) | 马克隆值 Micronaire | 纺织参数 Textile parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | B1 | 33.3a | 86.9a | 29.8a | 13.0a | 3.9a | 160.0a |
B2 | 32.4a | 88.0a | 31.4a | 11.8a | 4.0a | 166.7a | |
B3 | 33.1a | 87.9a | 31.4a | 12.3a | 3.8a | 168.7a | |
A2 | B1 | 32.5a | 86.3a | 30.6a | 12.2a | 3.7a | 160.0a |
B2 | 32.5a | 87.2a | 30.7a | 12.2a | 3.9a | 162.0a | |
B3 | 32.5a | 86.1a | 29.8a | 12.7a | 3.7a | 156.7a |
表7 种植模式与缩节胺处理下重播棉花纤维品质变化
Tab.7 Effects of planting patterns and ketamine on fiber quality of replanted cotton
种植模式 Planting pattern | 缩节胺剂量 DPC dose | 纤维长度 Fiber length (mm) | 纤维整齐度 Fiber uniformity (%) | 断裂比强度 Specific strength at break (cN/tex) | 伸长率 Fiber elongation (%) | 马克隆值 Micronaire | 纺织参数 Textile parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | B1 | 33.3a | 86.9a | 29.8a | 13.0a | 3.9a | 160.0a |
B2 | 32.4a | 88.0a | 31.4a | 11.8a | 4.0a | 166.7a | |
B3 | 33.1a | 87.9a | 31.4a | 12.3a | 3.8a | 168.7a | |
A2 | B1 | 32.5a | 86.3a | 30.6a | 12.2a | 3.7a | 160.0a |
B2 | 32.5a | 87.2a | 30.7a | 12.2a | 3.9a | 162.0a | |
B3 | 32.5a | 86.1a | 29.8a | 12.7a | 3.7a | 156.7a |
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