新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (1): 1-10.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.001
• 作物遗传育种·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇 下一篇
贺宏伟1(), 张巨松1(), 陈振1, 卡地力亚·阿不都克力木1, 彭增莹1, 刘群1, 崔建平2, 林涛2, 郭仁松2
收稿日期:
2021-01-13
出版日期:
2022-01-20
发布日期:
2022-02-18
通信作者:
张巨松
作者简介:
贺宏伟 ( 1994-),男,山西吕梁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花高产栽培,( E-mail) 1351733226@qq.com
基金资助:
HE Hongwei1(), ZHANG Jusong1(), CHEN Zhen1, Kadiliya Abudukelimu1, PENG Zengying1, LIU Qun1, CUI Jianping2, LIN Tao2, GUO Rensong2
Received:
2021-01-13
Online:
2022-01-20
Published:
2022-02-18
Correspondence author:
ZHANG Jusong
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究适合等行距机采棉生长的最优水氮投入。【方法】以新陆中88号为供试材料,总滴灌量3 800 m3/hm2,总施氮量320 kg/hm2,设置3种灌水方式W1、W2、W3,3种施肥方式N1、N2、N3,分析土壤含水率、叶片含水率、棉铃时空分布、农艺性状、产量性状。【结果】W2、N2灌水施肥方式下,土壤含水率相对稳定,更好地给植株提供所需的营养物质。且棉花叶片保持功能的时间较长;W2,N2灌水施肥方式下,棉株成铃数较多,且呈筒状分布,更适宜机械采收;W2,N2灌水施肥方式下,植株获得的单铃重和单株结铃数均达到最高,最高产量为7 070.84 kg/hm2。【结论】W2、N2灌水施肥方式为最优水氮投入。
中图分类号:
贺宏伟, 张巨松, 陈振, 卡地力亚·阿不都克力木, 彭增莹, 刘群, 崔建平, 林涛, 郭仁松. 水氮调配对等行距机采棉土壤、叶片水分及棉铃分布的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(1): 1-10.
HE Hongwei, ZHANG Jusong, CHEN Zhen, Kadiliya Abudukelimu, PENG Zengying, LIU Qun, CUI Jianping, LIN Tao, GUO Rensong. Effects of Water and Nitrogen Adjustment on the Distribution of Soil, Leaf Moisture and Bolls of Cotton Harvested with Equal Row Spacing[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(1): 1-10.
处理 | 基肥 | 6/20 | 7/1 | 7/10 | 7/17 | 7/24 | 7/31 | 8/7 | 8/14 | 8/24 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | Base fertilizer | |||||||||
灌水量Irrigation quantity(m3/hm2) | ||||||||||
W1 | 380 | 380 | 285 | 285 | 570 | 570 | 570 | 570 | 190 | |
W2 | 380 | 380 | 427.5 | 427.5 | 570 | 570 | 427.5 | 427.5 | 190 | |
W3 | 380 | 380 | 570 | 570 | 570 | 570 | 285 | 285 | 190 | |
施肥量Fertilizer application(kg/hm2) | ||||||||||
N1 | 64 | 0 | 32 | 16 | 16 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 0 |
N2 | 64 | 0 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 48 | 48 | 32 | 32 | 0 |
N3 | 64 | 0 | 32 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 16 | 16 | 0 |
表1 灌水施肥量及时间(月/日)
Table 1 Irrigation and fertilization amount and time (M/D)
处理 | 基肥 | 6/20 | 7/1 | 7/10 | 7/17 | 7/24 | 7/31 | 8/7 | 8/14 | 8/24 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | Base fertilizer | |||||||||
灌水量Irrigation quantity(m3/hm2) | ||||||||||
W1 | 380 | 380 | 285 | 285 | 570 | 570 | 570 | 570 | 190 | |
W2 | 380 | 380 | 427.5 | 427.5 | 570 | 570 | 427.5 | 427.5 | 190 | |
W3 | 380 | 380 | 570 | 570 | 570 | 570 | 285 | 285 | 190 | |
施肥量Fertilizer application(kg/hm2) | ||||||||||
N1 | 64 | 0 | 32 | 16 | 16 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 0 |
N2 | 64 | 0 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 48 | 48 | 32 | 32 | 0 |
N3 | 64 | 0 | 32 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 16 | 16 | 0 |
处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 始果枝高 Branch High envoy (cm) | 倒三叶宽 Inverted three leaves wide (cm) | 真叶数 True leaf number (片) | 果枝数 Number Fruit branch (台) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | N1 | 75.5f | 19. | 10.9f | 10.0f | 7.0c |
N2 | 77. | 20.1a | 11.7e | 11. | 9. | |
N3 | 78.0e | 20.1a | 12. | 11.0e | 8.7bc | |
W2 | N1 | 81. | 20.2a | 11. | 11.7d | 10. |
M2 | 83. | 20.6a | 12. | 12.3c | 11.0a | |
N3 | 79. | 19. | 12. | 12. | 10. | |
W3 | N1 | 81. | 19. | 12. | 12. | 9. |
N2 | 85.7a | 20.5a | 13. | 13. | 10. | |
N3 | 84. | 20.7a | 13.2a | 13.3a | 9. |
表2 不同水氮互作下机采棉农艺性状变化
Table 2 The effects of different water and nitrogen interactions on the agronomic characteristics of mechanically harvested cotton
处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 始果枝高 Branch High envoy (cm) | 倒三叶宽 Inverted three leaves wide (cm) | 真叶数 True leaf number (片) | 果枝数 Number Fruit branch (台) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | N1 | 75.5f | 19. | 10.9f | 10.0f | 7.0c |
N2 | 77. | 20.1a | 11.7e | 11. | 9. | |
N3 | 78.0e | 20.1a | 12. | 11.0e | 8.7bc | |
W2 | N1 | 81. | 20.2a | 11. | 11.7d | 10. |
M2 | 83. | 20.6a | 12. | 12.3c | 11.0a | |
N3 | 79. | 19. | 12. | 12. | 10. | |
W3 | N1 | 81. | 19. | 12. | 12. | 9. |
N2 | 85.7a | 20.5a | 13. | 13. | 10. | |
N3 | 84. | 20.7a | 13.2a | 13.3a | 9. |
处理 Treatment | 伏前桃数 Fuzen peach number | 伏桃数 Number of volts | 秋桃数 Number of autumn peaches | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数值 Value | 比例 Proportion(%) | 数值 Value | 比例 Proportion(%) | 数值 Value | 比例 Proportion(%) | ||
W1 | N1 | 2.48±0.02a | 33.83b | 3.02±0.0 | 54.8 | 0.83±0.02c | 11.32c |
N2 | 2.33±0.02a | 34.88b | 3.32±0.02d | 49.70e | 1.03±0.02b | 15.42b | |
N3 | 2.43±0.03a | 39.32a | 2.88±0.03e | 46.60e | 0.87±0.03c | 14.07b | |
W2 | N1 | 1.53±0.04b | 21.16c | 4.33±0.0 | 59.89d | 1.37±0.04a | 18.95a |
N2 | 1.12±0.02c | 14.09d | 5.78±0.02a | 72.70a | 1.05±0.02b | 13.21b | |
N3 | 1.17±0.05c | 15.66d | 5.18±0.05b | 69.35b | 1.12±0.0 | 14.99b | |
W3 | N1 | 1.07±0.04c | 15.99d | 4.62±0.04c | 69.06b | 1.00±0.04b | 14.95b |
N2 | 1.20±0.03c | 17.1 | 4.57±0.04c | 65.38c | 1.22±0.0 | 17.4 | |
N3 | 1.10±0.04c | 18.0 | 4.12±0.02d | 67.65c | 0.87±0.05c | 14.29b |
表3 不同处理“三桃”数及所占比例
Table 3 The number and proportion of "three peaches" in different treatments
处理 Treatment | 伏前桃数 Fuzen peach number | 伏桃数 Number of volts | 秋桃数 Number of autumn peaches | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数值 Value | 比例 Proportion(%) | 数值 Value | 比例 Proportion(%) | 数值 Value | 比例 Proportion(%) | ||
W1 | N1 | 2.48±0.02a | 33.83b | 3.02±0.0 | 54.8 | 0.83±0.02c | 11.32c |
N2 | 2.33±0.02a | 34.88b | 3.32±0.02d | 49.70e | 1.03±0.02b | 15.42b | |
N3 | 2.43±0.03a | 39.32a | 2.88±0.03e | 46.60e | 0.87±0.03c | 14.07b | |
W2 | N1 | 1.53±0.04b | 21.16c | 4.33±0.0 | 59.89d | 1.37±0.04a | 18.95a |
N2 | 1.12±0.02c | 14.09d | 5.78±0.02a | 72.70a | 1.05±0.02b | 13.21b | |
N3 | 1.17±0.05c | 15.66d | 5.18±0.05b | 69.35b | 1.12±0.0 | 14.99b | |
W3 | N1 | 1.07±0.04c | 15.99d | 4.62±0.04c | 69.06b | 1.00±0.04b | 14.95b |
N2 | 1.20±0.03c | 17.1 | 4.57±0.04c | 65.38c | 1.22±0.0 | 17.4 | |
N3 | 1.10±0.04c | 18.0 | 4.12±0.02d | 67.65c | 0.87±0.05c | 14.29b |
处理Treament | 上部铃Upper boll | 中部铃Middle boll | 下部铃Lower boll | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
外围铃 Boll closer to steam | 内围铃 Boll from to steam | 总铃数 Total number of bells | 外围铃 Boll closer to steam | 内围铃 Boll from to steam | 总铃数 Total number of bells | 外围铃 Boll closer to steam | 内围铃 Boll from to steam | 总铃数 Total number of bells | ||
W1 | N1 | 1.04a | 1.3 | 2.35b | 0.2 | 2.2 | 2.43b | 0.05b | 1.5b | 1.55c |
N2 | 0.82b | 1.63b | 2.85a | 0.3 | 2.53a | 2.87a | 0.02b | 1.34b | 1.36c | |
N3 | 0.92b | 1.52b | 2.44b | 0.52a | 2.1 | 2.68a | 0.06b | 1.00c | 1.06c | |
W2 | N1 | 0.25d | 1.94a | 2.19c | 0.3 | 2.1 | 2.41b | 0.6 | 1.9 | 2.63b |
N2 | 0.20d | 2.02a | 2.22c | 0.42a | 2.1 | 2.6 | 1.05a | 2.08a | 3.13b | |
N3 | 0.63c | 1.61b | 2.24c | 0.3 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 2.15a | 2.65b | |
W3 | N1 | 0.21d | 0.85c | 1.06d | 0.2 | 2.42a | 2.65a | 1.32a | 1.9 | 3.28a |
N2 | 0.24d | 0.84c | 1.08d | 0.12b | 2.42a | 2.5 | 1.25a | 2.12a | 3.37a | |
N3 | 0.15d | 0.40d | 0.55e | 0.14b | 2.38a | 2.5 | 1.40a | 1.62b | 3.02b |
表4 各处理棉铃空间分布
Table 4 Spatial distribution of cotton bolls in each
处理Treament | 上部铃Upper boll | 中部铃Middle boll | 下部铃Lower boll | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
外围铃 Boll closer to steam | 内围铃 Boll from to steam | 总铃数 Total number of bells | 外围铃 Boll closer to steam | 内围铃 Boll from to steam | 总铃数 Total number of bells | 外围铃 Boll closer to steam | 内围铃 Boll from to steam | 总铃数 Total number of bells | ||
W1 | N1 | 1.04a | 1.3 | 2.35b | 0.2 | 2.2 | 2.43b | 0.05b | 1.5b | 1.55c |
N2 | 0.82b | 1.63b | 2.85a | 0.3 | 2.53a | 2.87a | 0.02b | 1.34b | 1.36c | |
N3 | 0.92b | 1.52b | 2.44b | 0.52a | 2.1 | 2.68a | 0.06b | 1.00c | 1.06c | |
W2 | N1 | 0.25d | 1.94a | 2.19c | 0.3 | 2.1 | 2.41b | 0.6 | 1.9 | 2.63b |
N2 | 0.20d | 2.02a | 2.22c | 0.42a | 2.1 | 2.6 | 1.05a | 2.08a | 3.13b | |
N3 | 0.63c | 1.61b | 2.24c | 0.3 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 2.15a | 2.65b | |
W3 | N1 | 0.21d | 0.85c | 1.06d | 0.2 | 2.42a | 2.65a | 1.32a | 1.9 | 3.28a |
N2 | 0.24d | 0.84c | 1.08d | 0.12b | 2.42a | 2.5 | 1.25a | 2.12a | 3.37a | |
N3 | 0.15d | 0.40d | 0.55e | 0.14b | 2.38a | 2.5 | 1.40a | 1.62b | 3.02b |
处理 Treatment | 单铃重 Boll weight (g) | 单株结铃数 Boll number per plant (个) | 衣分 Lint percentage (%) | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | N1 | 5.55±0.0 | 6.33±0.13d | 46.23±0.52a | 5 481.83±76.35d |
N2 | 5.58±0.0 | 6.68±0.03c | 46.25±0.30a | 5 816.20±97.8 | |
N3 | 5.67±0.01a | 6.18±0.0 | 45.24±0.0 | 5 467.64±86.55d | |
W2 | N1 | 5.41±0.28b | 7.23±0.29b | 46.13±0.45a | 6 103.30±124.40b |
N2 | 5.70±0.17a | 7.95±0.15a | 46.42±0.06a | 7 070.84±76.45a | |
N3 | 5.65±0.21a | 7.47±0.22b | 46.81±0.89a | 6 585.64±168.1 | |
W3 | N1 | 5.43±0.25b | 6.69±0.30c | 46.74±0.44a | 5 668.33±93.45c |
N2 | 5.52±0.0 | 6.99±0.1 | 46.47±0.21a | 6 020.68±56.45b | |
N3 | 5.54±0.4 | 6.09±0.45d | 46.58±0.25a | 5 264.47±87.80e | |
P值 | W | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.75 | <0.001 |
N | 0.36 | 0.001 | 0.23 | <0.001 | |
W×N | <00.01 | 0.021 | 1.192 | <0.001 |
表5 不同水氮互作下棉花产量及产量构成因素变化
Table 5 The effects of different water and nitrogen interactions on cotton yield and yield components
处理 Treatment | 单铃重 Boll weight (g) | 单株结铃数 Boll number per plant (个) | 衣分 Lint percentage (%) | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | N1 | 5.55±0.0 | 6.33±0.13d | 46.23±0.52a | 5 481.83±76.35d |
N2 | 5.58±0.0 | 6.68±0.03c | 46.25±0.30a | 5 816.20±97.8 | |
N3 | 5.67±0.01a | 6.18±0.0 | 45.24±0.0 | 5 467.64±86.55d | |
W2 | N1 | 5.41±0.28b | 7.23±0.29b | 46.13±0.45a | 6 103.30±124.40b |
N2 | 5.70±0.17a | 7.95±0.15a | 46.42±0.06a | 7 070.84±76.45a | |
N3 | 5.65±0.21a | 7.47±0.22b | 46.81±0.89a | 6 585.64±168.1 | |
W3 | N1 | 5.43±0.25b | 6.69±0.30c | 46.74±0.44a | 5 668.33±93.45c |
N2 | 5.52±0.0 | 6.99±0.1 | 46.47±0.21a | 6 020.68±56.45b | |
N3 | 5.54±0.4 | 6.09±0.45d | 46.58±0.25a | 5 264.47±87.80e | |
P值 | W | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.75 | <0.001 |
N | 0.36 | 0.001 | 0.23 | <0.001 | |
W×N | <00.01 | 0.021 | 1.192 | <0.001 |
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