新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (12): 2899-2908.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.12.005
陈利军1, 林涛2(), 吴凤全1, 邵亚杰1, 徐彦军1, 汤秋香1()
收稿日期:
2022-01-03
出版日期:
2022-12-20
发布日期:
2023-01-30
通信作者:
林涛,汤秋香
作者简介:
陈利军(1996-),女,河南鹿邑人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花生态环境,(E-mail)935832045@qq.com
基金资助:
CHEN Lijun1, LIN Tao2(), WU Fengquan1, SHAO Yajie1, XU Yanjun1, TANG Qiuxiang1()
Received:
2022-01-03
Online:
2022-12-20
Published:
2023-01-30
Correspondence author:
LIN Tao, TANG Qiuxiang
Supported by:
摘要: 【目的】 研究种植密度和灌溉定额互作对棉生长发育特征及产量形成的影响,建立76 cm等行距机采棉种植技术体系。【方法】 采用裂区试验设计,以种植密度为主区,灌溉定额为副区,设置种植密度13.5×104株/hm2(M1)、18×104株/hm2(M2)和22.5×104株/hm2(M3,CKd),灌溉定额3 150 m3/hm2(W1)、4 050 m3/hm2(W2,CKi)和4 950 m3/hm2(W3)。研究种植密度和灌溉定额互作对76 cm等行距机采棉生长发育、产量及其构成因素的影响。【结果】 株高随密度和灌溉定额的增加而升高,单位面积叶片数、果枝数、蕾数、花数以及铃数在不同灌溉定额下均以高密度下数量最大。种植密度和灌溉定额对生殖器官质量与营养器官质量的比例(RVR)、单位面积结铃数和籽棉产量有显著的互作效应。植株干物质总重随密度和灌溉定额的增加呈上升趋势,生殖器官质量与营养器官质量的比例(RVR)均在W1下最大。棉铃生长率(BGR)与群体生长率(CGR)、棉铃生长率(BGR)和群体生长率(CGR)与单位面积结铃数(Boll number)、单位面积结铃数(Boll number)和单位重(Boll weight)与籽棉产量呈显著正相关,在铃期棉铃生长率(BGR)和群体生长率(CGR)与Boll weight呈显著负相关。籽棉产量上M3W1、M2W2和M1W3处理最高,三者无显著差异。【结论】 76 cm等行距与传统(10+66)cm种植模式M3灌溉定额相同时,76 cm等行距机采棉种植模式单铃重较M1、M2密度显著低;降低种植密度能够提高单铃重;降低密度和灌溉定额有利于增加生殖器官质量与营养器官质量的比例(RVR),增加灌溉定额有利于株高和干物质积累量的增加。优化种植密度和灌溉定额能够促进棉株生长,利于产量提高,当种植密度为22.5×104株/hm2,灌溉定额为3 150 m3/hm2时,采用76 cm等行距机采棉种植有利于产量的提高。
中图分类号:
陈利军, 林涛, 吴凤全, 邵亚杰, 徐彦军, 汤秋香. 种植密度和灌溉定额互作对76 cm等行距机采棉生长发育及产量形成影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(12): 2899-2908.
CHEN Lijun, LIN Tao, WU Fengquan, SHAO Yajie, XU Yanjun, TANG Qiuxiang. Effects of Planting Density and Irrigation Quota on Growth and Development and Yield Formation of 76 cm Equal Row Spacing Machine-Picked Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(12): 2899-2908.
处理 Treat ment | 灌溉日期(日/月)Irrigation date | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16/6 | 23/6 | 30/6 | 7/7 | 14/7 | 21/7 | 28/7 | 4/8 | 11/8 | 18/8 | |
W1 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 |
W2 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 |
W3 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 |
表1 不同处理的灌溉日期及灌溉定额
Table 1 Irrigation date and irrigation volume of different treatments(m3)
处理 Treat ment | 灌溉日期(日/月)Irrigation date | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16/6 | 23/6 | 30/6 | 7/7 | 14/7 | 21/7 | 28/7 | 4/8 | 11/8 | 18/8 | |
W1 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 | 6.09 |
W2 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 |
W3 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 | 9.57 |
生育时期 Childbearing stage | 种植密度 Planting density | 灌溉定额 Irrigation quota | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 叶片数 Number of Leaves | 果枝数 Number of fruit branch | 蕾数 Buds | 花数 Flowers | 铃数 Bolls | SPAD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
蕾期 Bud Stage | M1 | W1 | 46.06ab | 101.25f | 37.80d | 45.00e | / | / | 58.00ab |
W2 | 43.82b | 105.75ef | 41.40d | 47.25de | / | / | 58.94a | ||
W3 | 48.33ab | 110.24e | 51.30c | 58.50cde | / | / | 56.85ab | ||
M2 | W1 | 45.49ab | 146.99c | 66.00b | 75.00abc | / | / | 57.16ab | |
W2 | 44.85b | 134.39d | 52.80c | 64.20bcd | / | / | 58.19ab | ||
W3 | 46.19ab | 149.39c | 69.60b | 76.20abc | / | / | 56.04ab | ||
M3 | W1 | 44.43b | 184.79ab | 66.40b | 81.60ab | / | / | 57.54ab | |
W2 | 51.03a | 178.39b | 64.80b | 80.00ab | / | / | 57.34ab | ||
W3 | 47.28ab | 188.79a | 82.40a | 86.33a | / | / | 54.79b | ||
花期 Flowering stage | M1 | W1 | 72.65c | 121.49d | 97.87e | 128.92d | 12.15d | 2.03e | 56.14ab |
W2 | 75.91bc | 140.39c | 108.67de | 130.27d | 18.90cd | 9.45de | 52.69b | ||
W3 | 76.32abc | 141.74c | 111.37d | 137.02d | 17.55cd | 17.55bcd | 55.45ab | ||
M2 | W1 | 75.01bc | 179.09b | 142.19c | 168.29c | 25.20bc | 12.60cd | 54.21ab | |
W2 | 77.77abc | 178.19b | 143.09c | 172.79c | 17.10cd | 15.30cd | 52.40b | ||
W3 | 78.13abc | 183.59b | 147.59c | 175.49c | 26.10bc | 27.00ab | 58.01a | ||
M3 | W1 | 78.52abc | 237.59a | 182.39b | 225.59ab | 34.80b | 28.80a | 57.17a | |
W2 | 79.87ab | 245.99a | 193.19ab | 235.19a | 33.60b | 26.40ab | 55.22ab | ||
W3 | 82.34a | 247.19a | 199.00a | 214.79b | 45.60a | 22.80abc | 55.61ab | ||
铃期 Boll setting stage | M1 | W1 | / | / | / | 6.75bc | 8.10d | 94.50d | 63.44ab |
W2 | / | / | / | 6.75bc | 18.45bc | 103.05cd | 63.11ab | ||
W3 | / | / | / | 3.60c | 15.30bcd | 101.70cd | 61.11b | ||
M2 | W1 | / | / | / | 4.80bc | 7.20d | 119.99b | 63.19ab | |
W2 | / | / | / | 19.80a | 20.40b | 124.19b | 63.46ab | ||
W3 | / | / | / | 2.40c | 21.00b | 113.99bc | 61.52b | ||
M3 | W1 | / | / | / | 8.00bc | 10.40cd | 155.99a | 64.53a | |
W2 | / | / | / | 11.20b | 31.20a | 149.7a | 63.12ab | ||
W3 | / | / | / | 4.00c | 24.00ab | 144.79a | 61.73b | ||
吐絮期 Boll opening stage | M1 | W1 | / | / | / | / | / | 110.00d | / |
W2 | / | / | / | / | / | 128.73cd | / | ||
W3 | / | / | / | / | / | 135.01bcd | / | ||
M2 | W1 | / | / | / | / | / | 136.19bcd | / | |
W2 | / | / | / | / | / | 152.39abc | / | ||
W3 | / | / | / | / | / | 150.60abc | / | ||
M3 | W1 | / | / | / | / | / | 174.06a | / | |
W2 | / | / | / | / | / | 166.45a | / | ||
W3 | / | / | / | / | / | 159.49ab | / |
表2 不同种植密度和灌溉定额下棉花农艺性状和SPAD变化
Table 2 Influence of Planting Density and Irrigation Quota on Cotton Agronomic Characters and SPAD
生育时期 Childbearing stage | 种植密度 Planting density | 灌溉定额 Irrigation quota | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 叶片数 Number of Leaves | 果枝数 Number of fruit branch | 蕾数 Buds | 花数 Flowers | 铃数 Bolls | SPAD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
蕾期 Bud Stage | M1 | W1 | 46.06ab | 101.25f | 37.80d | 45.00e | / | / | 58.00ab |
W2 | 43.82b | 105.75ef | 41.40d | 47.25de | / | / | 58.94a | ||
W3 | 48.33ab | 110.24e | 51.30c | 58.50cde | / | / | 56.85ab | ||
M2 | W1 | 45.49ab | 146.99c | 66.00b | 75.00abc | / | / | 57.16ab | |
W2 | 44.85b | 134.39d | 52.80c | 64.20bcd | / | / | 58.19ab | ||
W3 | 46.19ab | 149.39c | 69.60b | 76.20abc | / | / | 56.04ab | ||
M3 | W1 | 44.43b | 184.79ab | 66.40b | 81.60ab | / | / | 57.54ab | |
W2 | 51.03a | 178.39b | 64.80b | 80.00ab | / | / | 57.34ab | ||
W3 | 47.28ab | 188.79a | 82.40a | 86.33a | / | / | 54.79b | ||
花期 Flowering stage | M1 | W1 | 72.65c | 121.49d | 97.87e | 128.92d | 12.15d | 2.03e | 56.14ab |
W2 | 75.91bc | 140.39c | 108.67de | 130.27d | 18.90cd | 9.45de | 52.69b | ||
W3 | 76.32abc | 141.74c | 111.37d | 137.02d | 17.55cd | 17.55bcd | 55.45ab | ||
M2 | W1 | 75.01bc | 179.09b | 142.19c | 168.29c | 25.20bc | 12.60cd | 54.21ab | |
W2 | 77.77abc | 178.19b | 143.09c | 172.79c | 17.10cd | 15.30cd | 52.40b | ||
W3 | 78.13abc | 183.59b | 147.59c | 175.49c | 26.10bc | 27.00ab | 58.01a | ||
M3 | W1 | 78.52abc | 237.59a | 182.39b | 225.59ab | 34.80b | 28.80a | 57.17a | |
W2 | 79.87ab | 245.99a | 193.19ab | 235.19a | 33.60b | 26.40ab | 55.22ab | ||
W3 | 82.34a | 247.19a | 199.00a | 214.79b | 45.60a | 22.80abc | 55.61ab | ||
铃期 Boll setting stage | M1 | W1 | / | / | / | 6.75bc | 8.10d | 94.50d | 63.44ab |
W2 | / | / | / | 6.75bc | 18.45bc | 103.05cd | 63.11ab | ||
W3 | / | / | / | 3.60c | 15.30bcd | 101.70cd | 61.11b | ||
M2 | W1 | / | / | / | 4.80bc | 7.20d | 119.99b | 63.19ab | |
W2 | / | / | / | 19.80a | 20.40b | 124.19b | 63.46ab | ||
W3 | / | / | / | 2.40c | 21.00b | 113.99bc | 61.52b | ||
M3 | W1 | / | / | / | 8.00bc | 10.40cd | 155.99a | 64.53a | |
W2 | / | / | / | 11.20b | 31.20a | 149.7a | 63.12ab | ||
W3 | / | / | / | 4.00c | 24.00ab | 144.79a | 61.73b | ||
吐絮期 Boll opening stage | M1 | W1 | / | / | / | / | / | 110.00d | / |
W2 | / | / | / | / | / | 128.73cd | / | ||
W3 | / | / | / | / | / | 135.01bcd | / | ||
M2 | W1 | / | / | / | / | / | 136.19bcd | / | |
W2 | / | / | / | / | / | 152.39abc | / | ||
W3 | / | / | / | / | / | 150.60abc | / | ||
M3 | W1 | / | / | / | / | / | 174.06a | / | |
W2 | / | / | / | / | / | 166.45a | / | ||
W3 | / | / | / | / | / | 159.49ab | / |
种植密度 Plant density (plant/hm2) | 灌溉量 Irrigation (m3/hm2) | 植株总干重 BDY (g/m2) | 蕾花铃总干重 SDY (g/m2) | 群体生长率 CGR (g/(m2·d)) | 棉铃生长率 BGR (g/(m2·d)) | 生殖器官与营养 器官质量的比例 RVR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | 1 315.91d | 753.34d | 14.82cd | 5.59c | 1.59a | |
M1 | W2 | 1 462.73cd | 872.23cd | 13.99d | 5.57c | 1.58a |
W3 | 1 581.49cd | 944.91bcd | 14.76cd | 6.87bc | 1.52a | |
W1 | 1 449.08cd | 827.01d | 15.13bcd | 5.73c | 1.51a | |
M2 | W2 | 1 718.28bc | 1 053.38abc | 17.59abcd | 7.69abc | 1.48ab |
W3 | 1 961.30ab | 1 096.40ab | 20.27ab | 8.55ab | 1.33ab | |
W1 | 1 951.92ab | 1 197.89a | 22.12a | 9.48a | 1.33ab | |
M3 | W2 | 1 942.07ab | 1 152.61ab | 19.67abc | 8.17ab | 1.27ab |
W3 | 2 182.21a | 1 161.47ab | 20.82a | 8.28ab | 1.14b | |
F | ||||||
种植密度Density | 27.608** | 14.242** | 9.875** | 8.164** | 0.110 6 | |
灌溉量Irrigation | 9.612** | 3.042 | 0.658 | 1.227 | 1.128 6 | |
种植密度×灌溉量 Density×Irrigation | 0.9 | 1.437 | 1.036 | 1.891 | 3.300 0* |
表3 不同种植密度和灌溉定额下棉花各生长参数变化
Table 3 The influence of planting density and irrigation quota on cotton growth parameters
种植密度 Plant density (plant/hm2) | 灌溉量 Irrigation (m3/hm2) | 植株总干重 BDY (g/m2) | 蕾花铃总干重 SDY (g/m2) | 群体生长率 CGR (g/(m2·d)) | 棉铃生长率 BGR (g/(m2·d)) | 生殖器官与营养 器官质量的比例 RVR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | 1 315.91d | 753.34d | 14.82cd | 5.59c | 1.59a | |
M1 | W2 | 1 462.73cd | 872.23cd | 13.99d | 5.57c | 1.58a |
W3 | 1 581.49cd | 944.91bcd | 14.76cd | 6.87bc | 1.52a | |
W1 | 1 449.08cd | 827.01d | 15.13bcd | 5.73c | 1.51a | |
M2 | W2 | 1 718.28bc | 1 053.38abc | 17.59abcd | 7.69abc | 1.48ab |
W3 | 1 961.30ab | 1 096.40ab | 20.27ab | 8.55ab | 1.33ab | |
W1 | 1 951.92ab | 1 197.89a | 22.12a | 9.48a | 1.33ab | |
M3 | W2 | 1 942.07ab | 1 152.61ab | 19.67abc | 8.17ab | 1.27ab |
W3 | 2 182.21a | 1 161.47ab | 20.82a | 8.28ab | 1.14b | |
F | ||||||
种植密度Density | 27.608** | 14.242** | 9.875** | 8.164** | 0.110 6 | |
灌溉量Irrigation | 9.612** | 3.042 | 0.658 | 1.227 | 1.128 6 | |
种植密度×灌溉量 Density×Irrigation | 0.9 | 1.437 | 1.036 | 1.891 | 3.300 0* |
生育阶段 Grouth period | 棉铃生长率- 群体生长率 BGR-CGR | 棉铃生长率-生殖 器官与营养器官质量 的比例 BGR-RVR | 棉铃生长率- 单位面积结铃数 BGR-Boll number | 棉铃生长率- 单铃重 BGR- Boll weight | 棉铃生长率- 籽棉产量 BGR- Cotton yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | 0.51** | 0.25 | 0.54** | -0.15 | 0.32 |
P2 | 0.91** | -0.11 | 0.64** | -0.43* | 0.32 |
P3 | 0.84** | 0.47* | 0.1 | -0.04 | 0.13 |
表4 棉铃生长率与各生长参数及产量的关系
Table 4 Relationship of BGR with growth parameters and yield
生育阶段 Grouth period | 棉铃生长率- 群体生长率 BGR-CGR | 棉铃生长率-生殖 器官与营养器官质量 的比例 BGR-RVR | 棉铃生长率- 单位面积结铃数 BGR-Boll number | 棉铃生长率- 单铃重 BGR- Boll weight | 棉铃生长率- 籽棉产量 BGR- Cotton yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | 0.51** | 0.25 | 0.54** | -0.15 | 0.32 |
P2 | 0.91** | -0.11 | 0.64** | -0.43* | 0.32 |
P3 | 0.84** | 0.47* | 0.1 | -0.04 | 0.13 |
生育阶段 Grouth period | 群体生长率- 棉铃生长率 CGR-BGR | 群体生长率-生殖器官 与营养器官质量的比例 CGR-RVR | 群体生长率- 单位面积结铃数 CGR-Boll number | 群体生长率-单铃重 CGR-Boll weight | 群体生长率-籽棉产量 CGR-Cotton yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | 0.51** | -0.03 | 0.46* | -0.19 | 0.31 |
P2 | 0.91** | -0.16 | 0.43* | -0.42* | 0.17 |
P3 | 0.84** | 0.17 | -0.12 | 0.06 | 0.00 |
表5 群体生长率与各生长参数及产量的关系
Table 5 Relationship of CGR with growth parameters and yield
生育阶段 Grouth period | 群体生长率- 棉铃生长率 CGR-BGR | 群体生长率-生殖器官 与营养器官质量的比例 CGR-RVR | 群体生长率- 单位面积结铃数 CGR-Boll number | 群体生长率-单铃重 CGR-Boll weight | 群体生长率-籽棉产量 CGR-Cotton yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | 0.51** | -0.03 | 0.46* | -0.19 | 0.31 |
P2 | 0.91** | -0.16 | 0.43* | -0.42* | 0.17 |
P3 | 0.84** | 0.17 | -0.12 | 0.06 | 0.00 |
种植密度 Plant density (plant/hm2) | 灌溉量 Irrigation (m3/hm2) | 单位面积结铃数 Boll number (个/m2) | 单铃重 Boll weight (g) | 衣分 Lint cotton (%) | 籽棉产量 Cotton yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | 85.10e | 5.47abc | 44.91a | 4 657.82c | |
M1 | W2 | 89.63d | 5.51ab | 43.31a | 4 958.45bc |
W3 | 94.11c | 5.61a | 44.73a | 5 280.54ab | |
W1 | 89.66d | 5.32abc | 44.72a | 4 787.18c | |
M2 | W2 | 98.13b | 5.36abc | 44.89a | 5 249.15ab |
W3 | 92.66cd | 5.35abc | 44.83a | 4 954.10bc | |
W1 | 104.38a | 5.22bc | 44.65a | 5 423.54a | |
M3 | W2 | 97.99b | 5.18bc | 44.53a | 5 077.49abc |
W3 | 91.95cd | 5.14c | 44.39a | 4 708.71c | |
F | |||||
种植密度Density | 40.02** | 6.38** | 0.42 | 0.43 | |
灌溉量Irrigation | 3.83* | 0.04 | 0.49 | 0.83 | |
种植密度×灌溉量 Density×Irrigation | 26.60** | 0.22 | 0.64 | 6.60** |
表6 不同种植密度和灌溉定额下棉花产量变化
Table 6 The influence of planting density and irrigation quota on cotton yield
种植密度 Plant density (plant/hm2) | 灌溉量 Irrigation (m3/hm2) | 单位面积结铃数 Boll number (个/m2) | 单铃重 Boll weight (g) | 衣分 Lint cotton (%) | 籽棉产量 Cotton yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | 85.10e | 5.47abc | 44.91a | 4 657.82c | |
M1 | W2 | 89.63d | 5.51ab | 43.31a | 4 958.45bc |
W3 | 94.11c | 5.61a | 44.73a | 5 280.54ab | |
W1 | 89.66d | 5.32abc | 44.72a | 4 787.18c | |
M2 | W2 | 98.13b | 5.36abc | 44.89a | 5 249.15ab |
W3 | 92.66cd | 5.35abc | 44.83a | 4 954.10bc | |
W1 | 104.38a | 5.22bc | 44.65a | 5 423.54a | |
M3 | W2 | 97.99b | 5.18bc | 44.53a | 5 077.49abc |
W3 | 91.95cd | 5.14c | 44.39a | 4 708.71c | |
F | |||||
种植密度Density | 40.02** | 6.38** | 0.42 | 0.43 | |
灌溉量Irrigation | 3.83* | 0.04 | 0.49 | 0.83 | |
种植密度×灌溉量 Density×Irrigation | 26.60** | 0.22 | 0.64 | 6.60** |
项目 Item | 单位面积 结铃数 Boll number | 单铃重 Boll weight | 生殖器官与 营养器官质量 的比例 RVR |
---|---|---|---|
产量 Cotton yield | 0.71** | 0.41* | 0.3 |
表8 籽棉产量和单位面积结铃数、单铃重和生殖器官与营养器官质量的比例的相关性
Table 8 Correlation coefficients of Cotton yield with Boll number、Boll weight and RVR
项目 Item | 单位面积 结铃数 Boll number | 单铃重 Boll weight | 生殖器官与 营养器官质量 的比例 RVR |
---|---|---|---|
产量 Cotton yield | 0.71** | 0.41* | 0.3 |
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