密度和灌溉定额对76 cm等行距棉田土壤硝态氮分布和氮素利用的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.03.001

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (3): 521-531.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.03.001

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇下一篇

密度和灌溉定额对76 cm等行距棉田土壤硝态氮分布和氮素利用的影响

程少雨¹(), 林涛²(), 吴凤全¹, 侯培珂¹, 张丽莹¹, 汤秋香¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2022-08-13 出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2023-04-18
通信作者: 林涛(1981-),男,新疆玛纳斯人,研究员,博士,研究方向为农田水分高效利用,(E-mail)27427732@qq.com;
汤秋香(1981-),女,河南开封人,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为棉田生态环境,(E-mail)790058828@qq.com
作者简介:程少雨(1997-),男,河北邯郸人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农田资源高效利用,(E-mail)786249023@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1001005);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项(xjkcpy-2020003);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划(XJEDU2019I0120);南京农业大学—新疆农业大学联合基金(KYYJ201802);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新平台能力提升建设专项-农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-202001);自治区天山英才培养

Effects of Density and Irrigation Quota under Drip Irrigation on Nitrate Distribution and Nitrogen Utilization in Cotton Field with Constant Row Spacing of 76 cm

CHENG Shaoyu¹(), LIN Tao²(), WU Fengquan¹, HOU Peike¹, ZHANG Liying¹, TANG Qiuxiang¹()

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Ecomomic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiological Ecology and Cultivation, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2022-08-13 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2023-04-18
Correspondence author: LIN Tao(1981-), male, born in Manas, Xinjiang, Ph.D., research interest: efficient utilization of water in farmland, (E-mail)27427732@qq.com; TANG Qiuxiang(1981-), female, born in Kaifeng, Henan Province, professor, doctoral supervisor, research interest: cotton field ecological environment, (E-mail)790058828@qq.com
Supported by:
National Key R & D Program Project(2020YFD1001005);Technology Innovation, Incubation Special Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjkcpy-2020003);University Scientific Research Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJEDU2019I0120);Joint Fund Project of Xinjiang Agricultural University-Nanjing Agricultural University(KYYJ201802);Technology Innovation Platform Ability Promotion Construction Special Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences " Open Project for Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiological Ecology and Cultivation, MOARA"(25107020-202001);Tianshan Talent Training Program

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究76 cm等行距机采棉种植模式下,土壤硝态氮分布和氮素利用对密度和灌溉定额调控的响应机制,为优化76 cm等行距机采棉栽培模式提供理论依据。【方法】在大田试验基础上,设置3个种植密度(低密度M₁,13.5×10⁴株/hm²;中密度M₂,18×10⁴株/hm²;高密度M₃,22.5×10⁴株/hm²)和灌溉定额[重度亏缺W₁(50% ET_C),3 150 m³/hm²;轻度亏缺W₂(75% ET_C),4 050 m³/hm²;充分灌溉W₃(100% ET_C),4 980 m³/hm²]。研究其对76 cm等行距机采棉田土壤无机氮含量、土壤硝态氮分布及氮素利用的影响。【结果】在相同灌溉定额下,密度对土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮分布的均匀性均有显著影响(P<0.05),随密度的升高,土壤铵态氮含量降低,上层土壤硝态氮占比呈先升高后降低,而硝态氮分布的均匀性则完全相反。在相同密度处理下,随灌溉定额的增加,土壤硝态氮含量、分布的均匀性、上层土壤硝态氮占比、表聚性显著降低。密度和灌溉定额及两因素交互对棉田氮生产效率、氮素偏生产力均有显著性影响(P<0.05),随密度的升高,氮生产效率呈先降低后升高趋势,氮素偏生产力则逐渐降低;随灌溉定额的增加,氮生产效率逐渐降低,氮素偏生产力则相反。以低度与重度亏缺灌溉处理氮素生产效率最高,而氮素偏生产力则以低密度、中密度与充分灌溉处理组合最高,但与高密度与重度亏缺灌溉处理组合没有显著差异。【结论】氮素偏生产力以低密度、中密度与充分灌溉处理组合最高,分别为13.56、13.54 kg/kg,与高密度与重度亏缺灌溉处理组合没有显著差异。

关键词: 机采棉; 76 cm等行距; 密度; 灌溉定额; 硝态氮分布; 氮素利用

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the response mechanism of soil nitrate nitrogen distribution and nitrogen use to density and irrigation quota under 76 cm row spacing machine-picked cotton planting mode in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for improving the cultivation mode. 【Methods】 Based on the field experiment, three planting densities (low-density M₁, 135,000 plants/hm²; medium-density M₂, 180,000 plants/hm², high-density M₃, 225,000 plants/hm²) were set to study the effects of irrigation quotas [severe deficit W₁ (50% ETc), 3,150 m³/hm²; mild deficit W₂ (75% ETc), 4,050 m³/hm²; and fully irrigated W₃ (100% ETc), 4,980 m³/hm²] on soil inorganic nitrogen content, soil nitrate nitrogen distribution and nitrogen utilization in machine-picked cotton fields with constant row spacing of 76 cm.【Results】 Under the same irrigation quota, the density of soil had a significant effect on the content of ammonium nitrogen and the distribution uniformity of nitrate nitrogen. In other words, with the increase of soil densities, the content of ammonium nitrogen decreased, and the proportion of nitrate nitrogen in the upper soil increased first and then decreased, while the distribution uniformity of nitrate nitrogen was completely the opposite. Under the same density treatment, with the increase of irrigation quota, soil nitrate nitrogen content, distribution uniformity, the proportion of nitrate nitrogen in the upper soil, surface polymerization decreased significantly. In addition, density, irrigation quota and the interaction of the two factors had significant effects on N productivity and N partial productivity in cotton field. Namely, with the increase of density, nitrogen productivity decreased first and then increased, while nitrogen partial productivity decreased gradually. With the increase of irrigation quota, nitrogen production efficiency decreased gradually, while nitrogen partial productivity was on the contrary. The nitrogen production efficiency of low and heavy deficit irrigation treatments was the highest, and the nitrogen partial productivity of low, medium and full irrigation treatments was the highest, but there was no significant difference with the combination of high and heavy deficit irrigation treatments.【Conclusion】 The combination of planting density of 225,000 plants/hm² and irrigation quota of 3,150 m³/hm² is the most suitable planting mode for machine-picked cotton with constant row spacing of 76 cm.

Key words: machined-picked cotton; constant row spacing of 76 cm; density; irrigation quota; nitrate nitrogen distribution; nitrogen utilization

中图分类号:

S233.75
S562

程少雨, 林涛, 吴凤全, 侯培珂, 张丽莹, 汤秋香. 密度和灌溉定额对76 cm等行距棉田土壤硝态氮分布和氮素利用的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(3): 521-531.

CHENG Shaoyu, LIN Tao, WU Fengquan, HOU Peike, ZHANG Liying, TANG Qiuxiang. Effects of Density and Irrigation Quota under Drip Irrigation on Nitrate Distribution and Nitrogen Utilization in Cotton Field with Constant Row Spacing of 76 cm[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(3): 521-531.

图/表 11

参考文献 34

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生育时期 Growth period	日期 (日/月) Date(D/M)	天数 Number of days (d)
苗期 Seedling stage	12/5~5/6	25
蕾期 Bud stage	6/6~25/6	20
花期 Flowering stage	26/6~23/7	28
铃期 Boll setting stage	24/7~23/8	31
吐絮期 Boll opening stage	24/8~30/9	38
全生育时期 Whole growth period	12/5~30/9	142

生育时期 Growth period	日期 (日/月) Date(D/M)	天数 Number of days (d)
苗期 Seedling stage	12/5~5/6	25
蕾期 Bud stage	6/6~25/6	20
花期 Flowering stage	26/6~23/7	28
铃期 Boll setting stage	24/7~23/8	31
吐絮期 Boll opening stage	24/8~30/9	38
全生育时期 Whole growth period	12/5~30/9	142

处理 Treatments		土层深度 Soil depth (cm)
处理 Treatments		0~10	10~20	20~30	30~40	40~50	50~60	0~60
M₁	W₁	56.37 ^a	49.65^a	51.06 ^a	51.75^a	47.87 ^a	29.51^bcd	47.70 ^a
	W₂	38.51^b	40.12 ^c	43.82 ^ab	26.94 ^d	31.14 ^c	32.72 ^abc	35.54 ^d
	W₃	44.92 ^ab	42.35 ^bc	31.85 ^c	33.22 ^cd	31.19 ^c	30.49 ^bcd	35.67^d
M₂	W₁	49.02^ab	49.6 ^a	46.07^ab	41.64 ^abc	38.6 ^b	25.22 ^cd	41.69 ^bc
	W₂	45.39^ab	46.98 ^ab	39.58 ^bc	41.39 ^abc	45.87 ^a	28.89^cd	41.35^bc
	W₃	49.63 ^ab	39.61^c	38.59^bc	40.21 ^bc	27.86 ^c	23.1 ^d	36.5 ^cd
M₃	W₁	49.05^ab	51.34 ^a	38.28 ^bc	48.7 ^ab	40.26 ^b	36.87 ^ab	44.08 ^ab
	W₂	40.06 ^b	48.63 ^a	43.16 ^ab	44.12 ^ab	38.84 ^b	38.61 ^a	42.24 ^b
	W₃	44.49 ^b	48.29^a	45.86 ^ab	43.01 ^abc	30.72 ^c	32.15 ^abc	40.75 ^bcd
因素显著性 Factor significance
密度 Plant density(D)		NS	**	NS	*	NS	**	NS
灌溉定额 Irrigation amount (I)		*	**	NS	*	**	NS	**
密度×灌溉定额 D×I		NS	NS	**	*	**	NS	*

处理 Treatments		土层深度 Soil depth (cm)
处理 Treatments		0~10	10~20	20~30	30~40	40~50	50~60	0~60
M₁	W₁	56.37 ^a	49.65^a	51.06 ^a	51.75^a	47.87 ^a	29.51^bcd	47.70 ^a
	W₂	38.51^b	40.12 ^c	43.82 ^ab	26.94 ^d	31.14 ^c	32.72 ^abc	35.54 ^d
	W₃	44.92 ^ab	42.35 ^bc	31.85 ^c	33.22 ^cd	31.19 ^c	30.49 ^bcd	35.67^d
M₂	W₁	49.02^ab	49.6 ^a	46.07^ab	41.64 ^abc	38.6 ^b	25.22 ^cd	41.69 ^bc
	W₂	45.39^ab	46.98 ^ab	39.58 ^bc	41.39 ^abc	45.87 ^a	28.89^cd	41.35^bc
	W₃	49.63 ^ab	39.61^c	38.59^bc	40.21 ^bc	27.86 ^c	23.1 ^d	36.5 ^cd
M₃	W₁	49.05^ab	51.34 ^a	38.28 ^bc	48.7 ^ab	40.26 ^b	36.87 ^ab	44.08 ^ab
	W₂	40.06 ^b	48.63 ^a	43.16 ^ab	44.12 ^ab	38.84 ^b	38.61 ^a	42.24 ^b
	W₃	44.49 ^b	48.29^a	45.86 ^ab	43.01 ^abc	30.72 ^c	32.15 ^abc	40.75 ^bcd
因素显著性 Factor significance
密度 Plant density(D)		NS	**	NS	*	NS	**	NS
灌溉定额 Irrigation amount (I)		*	**	NS	*	**	NS	**
密度×灌溉定额 D×I		NS	NS	**	*	**	NS	*

处理 Treatments		土层深度 Soil depth (cm)
处理 Treatments		0~10	10~20	20~30	30~40	40~50	50~60	0~60
M₁	W₁	4.53 ^c	4.82 ^bc	4.74 ^bc	4.85 ^abc	4.63 ^bc	4.03 ^bcd	4.6^bcd
	W₂	5.61 ^ab	6.02 ^a	5.62 ^ab	4.88 ^abc	4.84^abc	4.30 ^bc	5.212^ab
	W₃	5.84^a	5.97 ^a	6.03 ^a	5.89^a	5.58 ^ab	3.86 ^cd	5.53^a
M₂	W₁	5.24 ^abc	5.76 ^ab	5.14 ^abc	5.39 ^ab	5.85^a	5.18 ^a	5.43 ^a
	W₂	5.52 ^ab	5.95 ^a	4.49 c	4.95^abc	4.31 ^c	4.44 ^abc	4.94 ^abc
	W₃	4.82^bc	4.84 ^bc	5.50 ^ab	4.89 ^abc	4.02 ^c	3.25 ^d	4.55 ^cd
M₃	W₁	4.69 ^bc	4.62 ^c	4.76 ^bc	4.86 ^abc	4.47^c	4.83^ab	4.71 ^bcd
	W₂	4.42 ^c	4.74 ^c	4.31^c	4.17 ^c	4.55^bc	4.27 ^bc	4.41 ^cd
	W₃	4.37^c	4.15 ^c	4.78 ^bc	4.36^bc	3.95 ^c	3.44 ^d	4.17 ^d
因素显著性 Factor significance
密度 Plant density(D)		**	**	*	NS	NS	NS	**
灌溉定额 Irrigation amount (I)		NS	NS	*	NS	NS	**	NS
密度×灌溉定额 D×I		NS	NS	NS	NS	*	NS	**

密度和灌溉定额对76 cm等行距棉田土壤硝态氮分布和氮素利用的影响

Effects of Density and Irrigation Quota under Drip Irrigation on Nitrate Distribution and Nitrogen Utilization in Cotton Field with Constant Row Spacing of 76 cm

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Metrics

处理 Treatments		0~10 cm土层表聚系数 0-10 cm soil surface clustering coefficient	0~20 cm土层表聚系数 0-20 cm soil surface clustering coefficient
M₁	W₁	0.20^abc	0.37^ab
	W₂	0.18^bc	0.37^ab
	W₃	0.21^ab	0.41^a
M₂	W₁	0.20^abc	0.39^a
	W₂	0.18^bc	0.37^ab
	W₃	0.23^a	0.41^a
M₃	W₁	0.19^bc	0.38^ab
	W₂	0.16^c	0.35^b
	W₃	0.18^bc	0.38^ab
因素显著性 Factor significance
密度 Plant density(D)		NS	NS
灌溉定额 Irrigation amount (I)		*	*
密度×灌溉定额 Plant density× Irrigation amount D×I		NS	NS

处理 Treatments		施氮量 N application (kg/hm²)	产量 Production (kg/hm²)	总吸氮量 Total N uptake (kg/hm²)	氮素生产效率 NGPE (kg/ kg)	氮素偏生产力 NPP (kg/kg)
M₁	W₁	350.6	4 481.77^bcd	486.7 ^d	9.28^a	12.783^bcd
	W₂	350.6	4 543.11^abc	494.5 ^d	9.22^a	12.958^abc
	W₃	350.6	4 752.62^a	576.7 ^cd	8.24^b	13.556^a
M₂	W₁	350.6	4 287.92^de	646.2 ^bc	6.68^e	12.23^de
	W₂	350.6	4 377.48^cde	796.6 ^a	5.51^f	12.486^cde
	W₃	350.6	4 745.95^a	665.5 ^abc	7.17^d	13.537^a
M₃	W₁	350.6	4 629.92^ab	616.4 ^cd	7.52^c	13.206^ab
	W₂	350.6	4 318.6^de	785.2 ^ab	5.59^f	12.318^de
	W₃	350.6	4 263.03^e	520.5 ^cd	8.25^b	12.159^e
因素显著性 Factor significance
密度 Plant density(D)			*	**	**	*
灌溉定额 Irrigation amount (I)			*	**	**	*
密度×灌溉定额 Plant density×Irrigation amount D×I			**	*	**	**

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深度 Depth (cm)	处理 Treatments									因素显著性 Factor significance
	M₁			M₂			M₃			密度 Plant density (D)	灌溉 Irrigation amount (I)	密度× 灌溉 D×I
	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₁	W₂	W₃	密度 Plant density (D)	灌溉 Irrigation amount (I)	密度× 灌溉 D×I
0~10	0.82 ^ab	0.91 ^a	0.75 ^ab	0.83^ab	0.87^a	0.65 ^b	0.89 ^a	0.89 ^a	0.91 ^a	NS	NS	NS
10~20	0.96 ^a	0.87 ^ab	0.81 ^b	0.81 ^b	0.86 ^ab	0.91 ^ab	0.84^ab	0.84 ^ab	0.82 ^b	NS	NS	NS
20~30	0.9^ab	0.77^c	0.86^b	0.89 ^ab	0.94^ab	0.93 ^ab	0.87 ^ab	0.98 ^a	0.88 ^ab	*	NS	*
30~40	0.91 ^ab	0.75 ^c	0.93^ab	0.98 ^a	0.89 ^ab	0.82 ^bc	0.80^ab	0.93 ^ab	0.92 ^ab	*	NS	*
40~50	0.95 ^a	0.88 ^ab	0.88 ^ab	0.93 ^a	0.89^ab	0.77 ^bc	0.88 ^ab	0.92 ^a	0.75 ^c	NS	**	NS
50~60	0.62^c	0.92 ^a	0.85 ^a	0.61 ^c	0.70^bc	0.64^c	0.84 ^ab	0.90^a	0.79 ^ab	**	**	NS
0~60	0.86 ^ab	0.85 ^ab	0.85^b	0.84 ^bc	0.86 ^ab	0.78 ^c	0.87 ^ab	0.91 ^a	0.84 ^bc	*	*	NS

深度 Depth (cm)	处理 Treatments									因素显著性 Factor significance
	M₁			M₂			M₃			密度 Plant density (D)	灌溉 Irrigation amount (I)	密度× 灌溉 D×I
	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₁	W₂	W₃	密度 Plant density (D)	灌溉 Irrigation amount (I)	密度× 灌溉 D×I
0~10	0.82 ^ab	0.91 ^a	0.75 ^ab	0.83^ab	0.87^a	0.65 ^b	0.89 ^a	0.89 ^a	0.91 ^a	NS	NS	NS
10~20	0.96 ^a	0.87 ^ab	0.81 ^b	0.81 ^b	0.86 ^ab	0.91 ^ab	0.84^ab	0.84 ^ab	0.82 ^b	NS	NS	NS
20~30	0.9^ab	0.77^c	0.86^b	0.89 ^ab	0.94^ab	0.93 ^ab	0.87 ^ab	0.98 ^a	0.88 ^ab	*	NS	*
30~40	0.91 ^ab	0.75 ^c	0.93^ab	0.98 ^a	0.89 ^ab	0.82 ^bc	0.80^ab	0.93 ^ab	0.92 ^ab	*	NS	*
40~50	0.95 ^a	0.88 ^ab	0.88 ^ab	0.93 ^a	0.89^ab	0.77 ^bc	0.88 ^ab	0.92 ^a	0.75 ^c	NS	**	NS
50~60	0.62^c	0.92 ^a	0.85 ^a	0.61 ^c	0.70^bc	0.64^c	0.84 ^ab	0.90^a	0.79 ^ab	**	**	NS
0~60	0.86 ^ab	0.85 ^ab	0.85^b	0.84 ^bc	0.86 ^ab	0.78 ^c	0.87 ^ab	0.91 ^a	0.84 ^bc	*	*	NS