布管方式和施氮量对机采棉生物量、氮肥利用率及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (12): 2885-2891.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.004

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

布管方式和施氮量对机采棉生物量、氮肥利用率及产量的影响

马腾飞¹(), 李杰¹, 王纯武², 娄善伟¹, 帕尔哈提·买买提¹, 何红¹, 边洋¹, 张鹏忠¹()

1.新疆农业科学院棉花工程技术研究中心/新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆维吾尔自治区农业技术推广站,乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2023-04-18 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2024-01-03
通信作者: 张鹏忠(1974-),男,甘肃白银人,研究员,研究方向为棉花栽培生理,(E-mail)zhangpzgm@126.com
作者简介:马腾飞(1984-),男,河南开封人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为棉花水肥高效利用,(E-mail)matengfei1983@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01A14);国家重大专项子课题(2022YFD170004-2);新疆农业科学院科技创新项目(nkyzzkj-016);新疆农业科学院科技创新项目(nkyzztd-002);新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目(2021E02019)

Effect of drip irrigation pipe distribution and nitrogen application on biomass and nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield of machine-harvest cotton

MA Tengfei¹(), LI Jie¹, WANG Chunwu², LOU Shanwei¹, Paerhati maimaiti¹, HE Hong¹, BIAN Yang¹, ZHANG Pengzhong¹()

1. Research and Development Center,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Institute of cash crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. General Agricultural and Technology Extension Station, Urumqi 830000, China

Received:2023-04-18 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2024-01-03
Correspondence author: ZHANG Pengzhong(1974-), male, researcher, Research area: Cotton cultivation physiology,(E-mail)zhangpzgm@126.com
Supported by:
The Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021D01A14);Part of the national major projects(2022YFD170004-2);Science and Technology Innovation Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(nkyzzkj-016);Science and Technology Innovation Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(nkyzztd-002);Science and Technology Support Project of Xinjiang(2021E02019)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究布管方式和施氮量对机采棉生物量、氮肥利用率及产量的影响,为机采棉高产提供科学依据。【方法】试验设置2 种机采棉滴灌带布管方式:①1膜6行3管,行距(66+10)cm,滴灌带在作物窄行中间(G₃);②1膜6行5管,行距(66+10)cm,滴灌带铺设在作物窄行中间3管和作物宽行中间2管(G₅)。同时设置4个氮肥用量水平,即0、240、300 、360 kg/hm²(分别以N₀、N₂₄₀、N₃₀₀、N₃₆₀ 表示)。【结果】相同施氮量处理下,G₅处理棉花干物质量显著高于G₃处理,G₅-N₃₆₀处理叶、茎、铃干物质量均最大,G₅-N₃₆₀处理较G₃-N₃₆₀处理叶、茎、铃、总干物质量分别增加23.1%、15.0%、11.6%、14.9%;G₅处理各器官总吸氮量显著高于G₃处理,G₅-N₃₆₀处理各器官总吸氮量较G₃-N₃₆₀处理增加11.69%,G₅-N₃₀₀处理各器官总吸氮量较G₃-N₃₀₀处理增加11.85%,G₅-N₂₄₀处理各器官总吸氮量较G₃-N₂₄₀处理增加12.84%;G₅处理氮肥表观利用率显著高于G₃处理,G₅-N₂₄₀处理氮肥表观利用率较G₃-N₂₄₀处理增加3.6%,G₅-N₃₀₀处理氮肥表观利用率较G₃-N₃₀₀处理增加2.97%,G₅-N₃₆₀处理氮肥表观利用率较G₃-N₃₆₀处理增加3.14%;不同布管方式处理棉花籽棉产量差异显著,G₅处理均显著高于G₃处理,G₅-N₂₄₀处理籽棉产量较G₃-N₂₄₀处理增加10.6%,G₅-N₃₀₀处理籽棉产量较G₃-N₃₀₀处理增加8.3%,G₅-N₃₆₀处理籽棉产量较G₃-N₃₆₀处理增加12.4%。【结论】相同施氮量下,G₅优于G₃布管方式;G₅-N₃₆₀布管方式和施氮量模式最优,棉花干物质量、单株结铃数、总吸氮量和籽棉产量均最高。

关键词: 氮肥; 棉花; 产量; 氮素利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】To study drip irrigation pipe distribution on biomass and nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield of machine-harvest Cotton,In the hope of laying a theoretical basis for high yield of machine-harvest Cotton.【Methods】We compared two kinds of drip irrigation pipe distribution: one was (66+10)cm with the three drip-irrigation belts inside the narrow row (G₃), and the other was (66+10)cm with the three drip-irrigation belts inside the narrow row and the two drip-irrigation belts inside the big row(G₅), and four nitrogen applications: 0 (N₀), 240 kg/hm² (N₂₄₀), 300 kg/hm² (N₃₀₀) and 360 kg/hm² (N₃₆₀).【Results】The results showed that the dry matter weight of G₅ treatment was significantly higher than the G₃ treatment under the same nitrogen application, compared with G₃-N₃₆₀ treatment, G₅-N₃₆₀ treatment the dry matter weight of leaves, stems, bolls and total increased respectively by 23.1%, 15.0%, 11.6% and14.9%.The nitrogen uptake of G₅ treatment was significantly higher than the G₃ treatment under the same nitrogen application, Compared with the G₃-N₃₆₀ treatment, the total nitrogen uptake of the G₅-N₃₆₀ treatment increased by 11.69%, compared with G₃-N₂₄₀ treatment, and the total nitrogen uptake of the G₅-N₃₀₀ treatment increased by 11.85%, compared with G₃-N₂₄₀ treatment, the total nitrogen uptake of G₅-N₂₄₀ treatment increased by 12.84%, the apparent nitrogen use efficiency of G₅ treatment was significantly higher than that of G₃-N₂₄₀ treatment, and the apparent nitrogen use efficiency of G₅-N₂₄₀ treatment increased by 3.6% higher than that of G₃-N₂₄₀ treatment, the apparent nitrogen use efficiency of G₅-N₃₀₀ treatment increased by 2.97% higher than that of G₃-N₃₀₀ treatment, and the apparent nitrogen use efficiency of G₅-N₃₆₀ treatment increased by 3.14% higher than that of G₃-N₃₆₀ treatment, the yield of cotton G₅-N₂₄₀ treatment increased by 10.6% higher than that of G₃-N₂₄₀ treatment, and the yield of cotton G₅-N₃₀₀ treatment increased by 8.3% higher than that of G₃-N₃₀₀ treatment, the yield of cotton G₅-N₃₆₀ treatment increased by 12.4% higher than that G₃-N₃₆₀ treatment.【Conclusion】Drip irrigation pipe distribution the G₅ treatment was superior to the G₃ treatment under the same nitrogen application rate, and the G₅-N₃₆₀ model had the highest on dry matter quality and bolls and nitrogen uptake and yield of cotton.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer; cotton; yield; nitrogen use efficiency

中图分类号:

S562
S14

马腾飞, 李杰, 王纯武, 娄善伟, 帕尔哈提·买买提, 何红, 边洋, 张鹏忠. 布管方式和施氮量对机采棉生物量、氮肥利用率及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(12): 2885-2891.

MA Tengfei, LI Jie, WANG Chunwu, LOU Shanwei, Paerhati maimaiti, HE Hong, BIAN Yang, ZHANG Pengzhong. Effect of drip irrigation pipe distribution and nitrogen application on biomass and nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield of machine-harvest cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(12): 2885-2891.

图/表 6

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处理 Treat- ments	行管配置 Spacing pattern	施氮水平 Nitrogen applied levels (kg/hm²)
处理 Treat- ments	滴灌毛管位置 Drip line	施氮水平 Nitrogen applied levels (kg/hm²)
G₃-N₀	3条毛管均在棉花窄行	0
G₃-N₂₄₀	3条毛管均在棉花窄行	240
G₃-N₃₀₀	3条毛管均在棉花窄行	300
G₃-N₃₆₀	3条毛管均在棉花窄行	360
G₅-N₀	3条毛管在棉花窄行2条毛管在棉花宽行中间	0
G₅-N₂₄₀	3条毛管在棉花窄行2条毛管在棉花宽行中间	240
G₅-N₃₀₀	3条毛管在棉花窄行2条毛管在棉花宽行中间	300
G₅-N₃₆₀	3条毛管在棉花窄行2条毛管在棉花宽行中间	360

处理 Treat- ments	行管配置 Spacing pattern	施氮水平 Nitrogen applied levels (kg/hm²)
处理 Treat- ments	滴灌毛管位置 Drip line	施氮水平 Nitrogen applied levels (kg/hm²)
G₃-N₀	3条毛管均在棉花窄行	0
G₃-N₂₄₀	3条毛管均在棉花窄行	240
G₃-N₃₀₀	3条毛管均在棉花窄行	300
G₃-N₃₆₀	3条毛管均在棉花窄行	360
G₅-N₀	3条毛管在棉花窄行2条毛管在棉花宽行中间	0
G₅-N₂₄₀	3条毛管在棉花窄行2条毛管在棉花宽行中间	240
G₅-N₃₀₀	3条毛管在棉花窄行2条毛管在棉花宽行中间	300
G₅-N₃₆₀	3条毛管在棉花窄行2条毛管在棉花宽行中间	360

处理 Treatments	干物质量 Dry matter weight(mg/株)												合计 Total
	6月18日 June 18			7月10日July 10			8月5日 August 5			9月3日 September 3
	叶Stem	茎Leaf	蕾铃Boll	叶Stem	茎Leaf	蕾铃Boll	叶Stem	茎Leaf	蕾铃Boll	叶Stem	茎Leaf	蕾铃Boll
G₃-N₀	3.39^c	1.24^e	0.09^b	7.14^d	8.84^c	2.89^ab	17.63^e	15.80^e	22.54^c	16.79^e	15.68^f	39.62^f	72.09^g
G₃-N₂₄₀	4.96^b	2.26^d	0.34^a	10.33^bc	9.35^c	2.97^ab	23.40^cd	19.91^d	27.10^c	20.59^d	20.08^d	52.15^d	92.82^e
G₃-N₃₀₀	5.22^b	2.62^cd	0.34^a	10.30^bc	12.28^b	3.34^ab	23.32^cd	22.81^c	27.66^c	24.49^c	23.34^c	57.38^c	105.21^d
G₃-N₃₆₀	6.60^a	2.81^c	0.34^a	11.72^b	14.14^ab	3.48^a	27.62^b	25.51^b	36.13^b	24.80^c	26.25^b	61.29^bc	112.34^c
G₅-N₀	3.10^c	1.27^e	0.13^b	9.12^c	9.83^c	2.66^b	20.81^de	18.28^d	23.32^c	19.84^d	17.84^e	46.19^e	83.86^f
G₅-N₂₄₀	6.55^a	3.41^a	0.29^a	11.59^b	12.47^b	2.80^ab	24.78^bc	23.01^c	28.36^c	25.89^bc	23.66^c	61.15^bc	110.69^cd
G₅-N₃₀₀	7.13^a	3.35^ab	0.31^a	13.50^a	14.43^a	3.21^ab	26.51^bc	26.84^b	38.37^ab	27.58^b	27.44^b	64.90^ab	119.91^b
G₅-N₃₆₀	6.86^a	2.88^bc	0.34^a	14.34^a	14.48^a	3.34^ab	31.87^a	30.15^a	42.23^a	30.53^a	30.19^a	68.41^a	129.14^a

处理 Treatments	干物质量 Dry matter weight(mg/株)												合计 Total
	6月18日 June 18			7月10日July 10			8月5日 August 5			9月3日 September 3
	叶Stem	茎Leaf	蕾铃Boll	叶Stem	茎Leaf	蕾铃Boll	叶Stem	茎Leaf	蕾铃Boll	叶Stem	茎Leaf	蕾铃Boll
G₃-N₀	3.39^c	1.24^e	0.09^b	7.14^d	8.84^c	2.89^ab	17.63^e	15.80^e	22.54^c	16.79^e	15.68^f	39.62^f	72.09^g
G₃-N₂₄₀	4.96^b	2.26^d	0.34^a	10.33^bc	9.35^c	2.97^ab	23.40^cd	19.91^d	27.10^c	20.59^d	20.08^d	52.15^d	92.82^e
G₃-N₃₀₀	5.22^b	2.62^cd	0.34^a	10.30^bc	12.28^b	3.34^ab	23.32^cd	22.81^c	27.66^c	24.49^c	23.34^c	57.38^c	105.21^d
G₃-N₃₆₀	6.60^a	2.81^c	0.34^a	11.72^b	14.14^ab	3.48^a	27.62^b	25.51^b	36.13^b	24.80^c	26.25^b	61.29^bc	112.34^c
G₅-N₀	3.10^c	1.27^e	0.13^b	9.12^c	9.83^c	2.66^b	20.81^de	18.28^d	23.32^c	19.84^d	17.84^e	46.19^e	83.86^f
G₅-N₂₄₀	6.55^a	3.41^a	0.29^a	11.59^b	12.47^b	2.80^ab	24.78^bc	23.01^c	28.36^c	25.89^bc	23.66^c	61.15^bc	110.69^cd
G₅-N₃₀₀	7.13^a	3.35^ab	0.31^a	13.50^a	14.43^a	3.21^ab	26.51^bc	26.84^b	38.37^ab	27.58^b	27.44^b	64.90^ab	119.91^b
G₅-N₃₆₀	6.86^a	2.88^bc	0.34^a	14.34^a	14.48^a	3.34^ab	31.87^a	30.15^a	42.23^a	30.53^a	30.19^a	68.41^a	129.14^a

处理 Treatments	吸氮量N uptake(mg/株)												合计 Total
	6月18日 June 18			7月10日July 10			8月5日 August 5			9月3日 September 3
	叶Stem	茎Leaf	蕾铃Boll	叶Stem	茎Leaf	蕾铃Boll	叶Stem	茎Leaf	蕾铃Boll	叶Stem	茎Leaf	蕾铃Boll
G₃-N₀	68.29^e	20.53^d	1.83^b	180.40^e	91.85^d	73.70^de	324.45^e	88.42^e	425.54^e	286.85^f	123.95^e	836.60^d	1 247.40^f
G₃-N₂₄₀	131.52^d	45.66^c	13.35^a	360.16^cd	119.05^c	100.13^ab	600.87^c	203.60^c	592.02^c	439.37^d	238.05^c	1 362.05^c	2 039.47^d
G₃-N₃₀₀	161.86^c	53.43^c	14.53^a	337.92^cd	173.49^a	103.97^ab	628.79^c	225.69^c	603.16^c	570.40^abc	251.66^c	1 400.64^c	2 222.70^cd
G₃-N₃₆₀	206.44^b	58.3^ab	14.51^a	378.22^cd	153.96^b	118.27^a	779.83^ab	278.58^b	760.09^b	555.21^bc	280.45^b	1 532.84^abc	2 368.50^bc
G₅-N₀	57.2^e	20.14^d	2.69^b	207.60^e	95.86^d	64.90^e	427.86^d	158.63^d	406.71^e	360.56^e	159.23^d	941.52^d	1 461.31^e
G₅-N₂₄₀	176.27^c	63.84^a	11.83^a	405.35^bc	145.94^b	87.37^cd	667.34^c	229.00^c	556.75^cd	543.79^c	240.52^c	1 517.13^bc	2 301.44^bc
G₅-N₃₀₀	232.63^a	65.62^a	12.09^a	454.47^ab	176.02^a	108.18^ab	703.53^bc	255.69^b	828.03^b	612.81^ab	295.49^ab	1577.82^ab	2 486.12^ab
G₅-N₃₆₀	230.16^a	56.44^ab	13.79^a	487.24^a	162.76^ab	101.25^ab	869.81^a	334.29^a	999.01^a	632.93^a	315.50^a	1 696.89^a	2 645.32^a

布管方式和施氮量对机采棉生物量、氮肥利用率及产量的影响

Effect of drip irrigation pipe distribution and nitrogen application on biomass and nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield of machine-harvest cotton

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Metrics

灌水次数 Number of irrigation batches	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
灌水量 Irrigation amount (m³)	30	30	50	50	50	50	30	30
氮肥施用比例 Nitrogen application proportion(%)	10	15	15	20	15	10	10	5

处理 Treatments	偏生产力 Partial factor productivity (kg/kg)	农学利用率 Agronomic efficiency (kg/kg)	生理利用率 Physiological efficiency (kg/kg)	表观氮肥利用率 N recovery efficiency (%)
G₃-N₂₄₀	25.23^b	8.6^bc	14.48^ab	59.41^b
G₃-N₃₀₀	20.62^d	7.32^c	12.74^b	58.52^b
G₃-N₃₆₀	19.55^d	8.46^bc	15.10^ab	56.06^c
G₅-N₂₄₀	27.13^a	9.59^ab	15.38^ab	63.01^a
G₅-N₃₀₀	22.32^c	8.29^bc	13.62^b	61.49^a
G₅-N₃₆₀	21.98^c	10.28^a	17.46^a	59.20^b

处理 Treatments	单株结铃数 Bolls Number	单铃重量 Boll weight(g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
G₃-N₀	5.6^d	4.7^c	3 990^f
G₃-N₂₄₀	7.0^c	5.7^b	6 054^e
G₃-N₃₀₀	7.1^c	5.8^b	6 186^de
G₃-N₃₆₀	8.0^b	5.9^b	7 038^b
G₅-N₀	5.9^d	4.8^c	4 209^f
G₅-N₂₄₀	7.6^b	5.7^b	6 511^cd
G₅-N₃₀₀	7.7^b	5.8^b	6 696^bc
G₅-N₃₆₀	8.5^a	6.2^a	7 912^a

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