新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (11): 2609-2617.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.002
• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇 下一篇
王家勇1(), 李春梅1, 徐文修1(), 李鹏程2(), 张娜1, 李玲1, 马云珍1, 王芳1
收稿日期:
2023-02-19
出版日期:
2023-11-20
发布日期:
2023-12-07
通信作者:
徐文修(1962-),女,河北蠡县人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为绿洲农作制度与资源高效利用,(E-mail)xjxwx@sina.com;李鹏程(1972-),男,湖北荆州人,副研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为棉花养分精准管理,(E-mail)lipengchengcr@163.com
作者简介:
王家勇(1997-),男,江苏沛县人,硕士研究生,研究方向为耕作制度与农业生态,(E-mail)wjyxjau@163com
基金资助:
WANG Jiayong1(), LI Chunmei1, XU Wenxiu1(), LI Pengcheng2(), ZHANG Na1, LI Ling1, MA Yunzhen1, WANG Fang1
Received:
2023-02-19
Online:
2023-11-20
Published:
2023-12-07
Correspondence author:
XU Wenxiu(1962-),female, Lixian County of Hebei Province, Professor, doctor, Doctoral tutor, Research direction: farming system and agricultural ecology, (E-mail) xjxwx@sina.com;LI Pengcheng(1972-),male,Jingzhou,Hubei,Associate Professor,Doctoral tutor,Research direction:Accurate mamagement of cotton nutirents,(E-mail)lipengchengcr@163.com
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】 筛选出适宜76 cm等行距种植的机采棉最适宜种植密度。【方法】 2020年4~10月采用76 cm等行距地膜种植,设置9×104株/hm2(A)、12×104株/hm2(B)、15×104株/hm2(C)、18×104株/hm2(D)、21×104株/hm2(E)5个种植密度进行田间试验,测定叶面积指数(LAI)、叶倾角(MLA)、冠层开度(DIFN)、光截获率(PAR)、冠层温度、湿度、产量等指标,研究不同种植密度对棉花冠层结构、冠层温湿度及产量的影响。【结果】 各处理棉花叶面积指数和叶倾角均随种植密度的增加而增加,呈现现为E>D>C>B>A,冠层开度则基本呈现出A>B>C>D>E;各处理的光截获率在空间上基本上呈现出“V”型变化趋势,且密度越大,冠层内平均温度越低、平均湿度越高。当处理水平为15×104株/hm2时,单株铃数和单铃重较对照有显著提高,同时获得的籽棉产量较高为4 849.96 kg/hm2。分别依次比其他处理增产41.94%、24.20%、4.72%和15.20%。【结论】 密度以15×104株/hm2可以获得较优的棉花群体冠层结构,有利于冠层光分布,并获得较高的产量。
中图分类号:
王家勇, 李春梅, 徐文修, 李鹏程, 张娜, 李玲, 马云珍, 王芳. 种植密度对76 cm等行距机采棉冠层结构、冠层温湿度及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(11): 2609-2617.
WANG Jiayong, LI Chunmei, XU Wenxiu, LI Pengcheng, ZHANG Na, LI Ling, MA Yunzhen, WANG Fang. Effects of planting density on canopy structure, canopy temperature and humidity and yield of 76 cm machine-picked cotton with equal row spacing[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(11): 2609-2617.
图7 不同处理下棉花花铃期冠层PARI截获率空间变化规律
Fig.7 Spatial variation rule of cotton PARI interception rate in canopy at flowering and boll stage with different treatments
处理 | 实收株数 (104/hm2) | 单株铃数 (个) | 单铃重 (g) | 籽棉产量 (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 9.91e | 6.23a | 5.53a | 3 416.70c |
B | 12.71d | 5.58a | 5.49a | 3 904.89bc |
C | 15.62c | 5.74a | 5.42a | 4 849.96a |
D | 19.82b | 4.70b | 5.18ab | 4 629.33ab |
E | 22.03a | 3.81c | 4.98b | 4 209.89bc |
表1 不同种植密度下棉花产量及产量构成因素
Tab.1 Cotton yield and yield components of different planting densities
处理 | 实收株数 (104/hm2) | 单株铃数 (个) | 单铃重 (g) | 籽棉产量 (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 9.91e | 6.23a | 5.53a | 3 416.70c |
B | 12.71d | 5.58a | 5.49a | 3 904.89bc |
C | 15.62c | 5.74a | 5.42a | 4 849.96a |
D | 19.82b | 4.70b | 5.18ab | 4 629.33ab |
E | 22.03a | 3.81c | 4.98b | 4 209.89bc |
[1] | 喻树迅. 中国棉花产业百年发展历程[J]. 农学学报, 2018, 8(1): 85-91. |
YU Shuxun. The Development of Cotton Production in the Recent Hundred Years of China[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2018, 8(1): 85-91. | |
[2] | 梁亚军, 李雪源, 郑巨云, 等. 新疆2019年棉花产业情况概述及存在问题与策略[J]. 棉花科学, 2020, 42(1): 14-20. |
LIANG Yajun, LI Xueyuan, ZHENG Juyun, et al. Overview of Cotton Industry Situation and Existing Problems and Strategies in Xinjiang in 2019[J]. Cotton Sciences, 2020, 42(1): 14-20. | |
[3] | 杜卫东, 王新丽, 孙勇, 等. 优化新疆机采棉加工工艺提高棉花品质的探讨[J]. 中国纤检, 2021, (9): 33-35. |
DU Weidong, WANG Xinli, SUN Yong, et al. Discussion on How to Improve the Quality of Machined-picking Cotton by improving Processing Technology in Xinjiang[J]. China Fiber Inspection, 2021, (9): 33-35. | |
[4] | 辛明华, 王占彪, 韩迎春, 等. 新疆机采棉发展回顾、现状分析及措施建议[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(7): 11-20. |
XIN Minghua, WANG Zhanbiao, HAN Yingchun, et al. Review,Status and Measures of Xinjiang Machine-picked Cotton[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2021, 23(7): 11-20. | |
[5] | 姜鸿君. 新疆库尔勒垦区机采棉(陆地棉)综合农艺关键技术的研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2005. |
JIANG Hongjun. Study on key synthesize agronomy of cotton pick (upland cotton ) in Korla reclamation arae Xinjiang[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2005. | |
[6] | 胡强. 阿拉尔垦区棉花适宜品种筛选及配套种植密度研究[D]. 阿拉尔: 塔里木大学, 2019. |
HU Qiang. Screening of Cotton Varieties Suitable for Alar Reclamation Area and Study on Matching Planting Density[D]. Aral: Tarim University, 2019. | |
[7] | 陈冠文, 杨秀理, 张国建, 等. 论新疆棉花高产栽培理论的战略转移—机采棉田等行距密植的优越性和主要栽培技术[J]. 新疆农垦科技, 2014, 37(4): 11-13. |
CHEN Guanwen, YANG Xiuli, ZHANG Guojian, et al. On the strategic transfer of high-yield cotton cultivation theory in Xinjiang—The superiority of row spacing dense planting in machine-harvested cotton fields and other rows and main cultivation technologies[J]. Xinjiang Farm Research of Science and Technology, 2014, 37(4): 11-13. | |
[8] | 景岩斌, 刘金山, 李军华, 等. 机采棉不同种植方式产量对比分析[J]. 新疆农垦科技, 2014, 37(5): 14-15. |
JIN Yanbin, LIU Jinshan, LI Junhua, et al. Comparative Analysis of Yield in Different Planting Methods of Machine-picked Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Farm Research of Science and Technology, 2014, 37(5): 14-15. | |
[9] | 廖凯, 高振江, 孙巍, 等. 农艺条件对机采棉品质的影响分析[J]. 中国棉花, 2014, 41(11): 16-20. |
LIAO Kai, GAO Zhenjiang, SUN Wei, et al. Analysis on the Influence of Agronomic Conditions to Machine-picked Cotton Quality[J]. China Cotton, 2014, 41(11): 16-20. | |
[10] | 李少昆, 王崇桃. 作物株型和冠层结构信息获取与表述的方法(综述)[J]. 石河子大学学报(自然科学版), 1997, (3): 81-87. |
LI Shaokun, WANG Chongtao. The Methods of Obtaining and Expressing Information of Crop Plant Shape and Population Structure[J]. Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science Ed), 1997, (3): 81-87. | |
[11] |
程彬, 刘卫国, 王莉, 等. 种植密度对玉米-大豆带状间作下大豆光合、产量及茎秆抗倒的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(19): 4084-4096.
DOI |
CHENG Bin, LIU Weiguo, WANG Li, et al. Effects of Planting Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Stem Lodging Resistance of Soybean in Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping System[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(19): 4084-4096.
DOI |
|
[12] |
马云珍, 董合林, 李玲, 等. 连续定点定量施氮对棉花花铃期冠层光分布及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(7): 1236-1245.
DOI |
MA Yunzhen, DONG Helin, LI Ling, et al. Effects of Continuous Fixed-Point and Quantitative Nitrogen Application on Canopy Light Distribution and Yield of Cotton in Blossing and Boll-Forming Stages[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(7): 1236-1245.
DOI |
|
[13] |
牛玉萍, 陈宗奎, 杨林川, 等. 干旱区滴灌模式和种植密度对棉花生长和产量性能的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2016, 42(10): 1506-1515.
DOI |
NIU Yuping, CHEN Zongkui, YANG Linchuan, et al. Effect of Drip Irrigation Pattern and Planting Density on Growth and Yield Performance of Cotton in Arid Area[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2016, 42(10): 1506-1515.
DOI |
|
[14] | 沈杰, 王昌全, 何玉亭, 等. 合理密植对不同株型烤烟冠层结构及光合生产特性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(2): 284-295. |
SHEN Jie, WANG Changquan, HE Yuting, et al. Effects of rational close planting on canopy structure and photosynthetic production characteristics of flue-cured tobacco with different plant types[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2019, 25(2): 284-295. | |
[15] | 冯国艺, 姚炎帝, 罗宏海, 等. 新疆超高产棉花冠层光分布特征及其与群体光合生产的关系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23(5): 1286-1294. |
FENG Guoyi, YAO Yandi, LUO Honghai, et al. Canopy light distribution and its correlation with photosynthetic production in super-high yielding cotton fields of Xinjiang,Northwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2012, 23(5): 1286-1294.
PMID |
|
[16] | 吕丽华, 陶洪斌, 夏来坤, 等. 不同种植密度下的夏玉米冠层结构及光合特性[J]. 作物学报, 2008, (3): 447-455. |
LYU Lihua, TAO Hongbin, XIA Laikun, et al. Canopy Structure and Photosynthesis Traits of Summer Maize under Different Planting Densities[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2008, (3): 447-455. | |
[17] |
张旺锋, 王振林, 余松烈, 等. 种植密度对新疆高产棉花群体光合作用、冠层结构及产量形成的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2004, (2): 164-171.
DOI |
ZHANG Wangfeng, WANG Zhenlin, YU Songlie, et al. Effects of Planting Density on Photosynthesis, Canopy Structure and Yield Formation of High-yield Cotton Population in Xinjiang[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2004, (2): 164-171.
DOI |
|
[18] | 蔡晓莉, 马丽娟, 逯涛, 等. 不同种植模式和密度对Z1112产量及纤维品质的影响[J]. 中国棉花, 2018, 45(6): 24-26,42. |
CAI Xiaoli, MA Lijuan, LU Tao, et al. Effects of different planting patterns and densities on yield and fiber quality of Z1112[J]. China Cotton, 2018, 45(6): 24-26,42. | |
[19] | 程林, 郑新疆, 朱晓平, 等. 一膜三行等行距栽培模式对棉花生长及产量的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2017, 45(1): 44-45,48. |
CHENG Lin, ZHENG Xinjiang, ZHU Xiaoping, et al. Effects of One Film Three Rows Equal Spacing Cultivation Mode on Cotton Growth and Yield[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(1): 44-45,48. | |
[20] | 李建峰, 王聪, 梁福斌, 等. 新疆机采模式下棉花株行距配置对冠层结构指标及产量的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2017, 29(2): 157-165. |
LI Jianfeng, WANG Cong, LIANG Fubin, et al. BEffect of plant and row spacing on canopy structure and boll setting of machine-picked cotton[J]. Cotton Science, 2017, 29(2): 157-165. | |
[21] | 郝先哲, 夏军, 时晓娟, 等. 等行距稀植模式对杂交棉群体生长特征及产量、品质的影响[J]. 石河子大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 39(4): 427-434. |
HAO Xianzhe, XIA Jun, SHI Xiaojuan, et al. Effects of planting patterns on hybrid cotton yield, quality, and growth parameters in wide-rowspacing with sparse density[J]. Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science Ed.), 2021, 39(4): 427-434. | |
[22] | 魏鑫, 徐建辉, 张巨松. 种植模式对机采棉干物质积累及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2017, 54(7): 1177-1184. |
WEI Xin, XU Jianhui, ZHANG Jusong, et al. Effects of Planting Patterns on Dry Matter Accumulation and Quality of Machine-harvesting Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 54(7): 1177-1184. | |
[23] | 崔岳宁, 高振江, 杨宝玲. 不同行距种植模式下机采棉品质比较分析[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2016, 37(7): 235-240. |
CUI Yuening, GAO Zhenjiang, YANG Baoling, et al. Quality analysis of different mechanical harvesting cotton planting patterns[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2016, 37(7): 235-240. | |
[24] | 李春梅, 李鹏程, 徐文修, 等. 密度对76 cm等行距机采棉生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业大学学报, 2021, 44(1): 20-27. |
LI Chunmei, LI Pengcheng, XU Wenxiu, et al. The influence of Density on Growth and Yield of Cotton with Equal Row Spacing of 76 cm[J]. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2021, 44(1): 20-27. | |
[25] | 吴凤全, 林涛, 陈兵林, 等. 密度和灌溉量互作对76 cm等行距机采棉产量及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2021, 44(5): 833-840. |
WU Fengquan, LIN Tao, CHEN Binglin, et al. The impact of interaction between density and irrigation volume on yield of machine-harvested cotton with 76 cm equivalent row spacing and water use efficiency[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2021, 44(5): 833-840. | |
[26] | 牛玉萍, 陈宗奎, 陈厚川, 等. 不同滴灌模式下种植密度对棉花冠层结构特性的调节[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2016, 53(10): 1765-1777. |
NIU Yuping, CHEN Zongkui, CHEN Houchuan, et al. Effect of Planting Density on Canopy Structure Characteristics of Cotton under Different Drip Irrigation Patterns[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 53(10): 1765-1777. | |
[27] | 刘郁娜, 陈飞虎, 胥新强, 等. 杏棉间作田间配置对棉花生长发育及棉铃时空分布的影响[J]. 棉花学报, 2013, 25(1): 37-44. |
LIU Yuna, CHEN Feihu, XU Xinqiang, et al. Effect of Field Arrangement in Apricot-cotton Intercropping on Cotton Plant Growth and Tempo-spatial Distribution of Boll[J]. Cotton Science, 2013, 25(1): 37-44. | |
[28] | 王燕, 王树林, 张谦, 等. 机采棉主要农艺性状与密度相关性分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, (6): 66-70. |
WANG Yan, WANG Shulin, ZHANG Qian, et al. Correlation Analysis between Main Agronomic Traits and Density in Mechanical Harvest Cotton[J]. Crops, 2019, (6): 66-70. | |
[29] | 张娜, 冯璐, 马云珍, 等. 种植密度对南疆机采棉群体农艺特征和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(11): 172-180. |
ZHANG Na, FENG Lu, MA Yuzhen, et al. Effects of planting density on agronomic characteristics and yield of mechanical cotton picking population in Southern Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2021, 23(11): 172-180. | |
[30] | 娄善伟, 赵强, 高云光, 等. 不同密度水平对覆膜棉花田间小气候及产量的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2009, 27(5): 88-92. |
LOU Shanwei, ZHAO Qiang, GAO Yunguang, et al. The effect of different density on microclimate and yield in cotton field under film mulching[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2009, 27(5): 88-92. | |
[31] | Yang G Z, Luo X J, Nie Y C, et al. Effects of Plant Density on Yield and Canopy Micro Environment in Hybrid Cotton[J]. Journal of Integrative Agricultrure, 2014, 13(10): 2154-2163. |
[32] | 李亚兵, 毛树春, 冯璐, 等. 基于地统计学的棉花冠层光合有效辐射空间分布特征[J]. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(22): 200-206. |
LI Yabing, MAO Shuchun, FENG Lu, et al. Spatial distribution characteristics of photosynthetic active radiation in cotton canopy based on geo-statistics[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(22): 200-206. | |
[33] | 白志刚. 不同棉花品种基于冠层PAR空间分布的株型特征与生长发育的研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2016. |
BAI Zhigang. Study on the plant architecture and development of different cotton cultivars based on PAR spatial distribution in canopies[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2016. | |
[34] |
刘帅, 崔爱花, 李永旗, 等. 密度与播期互作下棉花冠层PAR时空特征分析[J]. 核农学报, 2020, 34(11): 2614-2622.
DOI |
LIU Shuai, CUI Aihua, LI Yongqi, et al. The Photosynthetic Active Radiation Spatiotemporal Characteristic Analysis of Cotton Canopy at Interactions Between Planting Density and Sowing Date[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 34(11): 2614-2622.
DOI |
|
[35] | 陈超, 潘学标, 张立祯, 等. 种植密度对棉花产量构成、成铃和棉铃性状分布的影响[J]. 中国棉花, 2012, 39(1): 16-21. |
CHEN Chao, PAN Xuebiao, ZHANG Lizhen, et al. Effects of Planting Density on Yield Components,Boll and Boll Character Distribution in Cotton[J]. China Cotton, 2012, 39(1): 16-21. | |
[36] | 李春梅, 李玲, 马云珍, 等. 不同密度对76 cm等行距种植棉花产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科技, 2018, (4): 32-33. |
LI Chunmei, LI Ling, MA Yunzhen, et al. Effects of different densities on cotton yield under 76 cm constant row spacing[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology, 2018, (4): 32-33. |
[1] | 陈茂光, 林涛, 张昊, 刘海军, 王一帆, 汤秋香. 地膜类型对棉花生长的影响及自身降解和回收特性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2101-2108. |
[2] | 杨川, 张凯, 陈冰, 张慧, 柳萍, 常松, 盛建东. 棉花植株形态特征对不同水分状况的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2120-2127. |
[3] | 杨国江, 陈云, 林祥群, 何江勇, 刘盛林, 曲永清. 氮肥减施下有机肥替代对滴灌棉花产量、氮素吸收利用及土壤硝态氮的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2138-2145. |
[4] | 李雪玲, 郭俊先, 陈莉, 宋鹤岭, 张众. 不同覆膜宽度对棉花农田环境的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1840-1847. |
[5] | 阳妮, 玛依拉·玉素音, 杨延龙, 李春平, 张大伟, 徐海江, 赖成霞. 黄萎病枯斑型与黄化型病症棉花叶片的植物挥发物对比[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1975-1986. |
[6] | 米尔扎提·木塔力甫, 石秀楠, 柏军兵, 祖拜代·阿布都克日木, 吾勒加勒哈斯·阿扎提, 石书兵. 不同脱绒方式及PEG胁迫下对棉花种子活力及幼苗性状的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(7): 1561-1568. |
[7] | 江柱, 张江辉, 白云岗, 杨鹏年, 刘洪波, 肖军, 刘旭辉. 膜下咸水滴灌水肥盐调控对棉花生长及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1389-1397. |
[8] | 王文涛, 吴博, 邰红忠, 练文明, 戴翠荣, 李双江, 蒲艳梅. 新疆阿拉尔垦区不同播期对棉花生长的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1413-1422. |
[9] | 桑志伟, 梁亚军, 龚照龙, 郑巨云, 王俊铎, 李雪源, 陈全家. 不同陆地棉种质资源机采性状分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(5): 1088-1098. |
[10] | 逯涛, 曾庆涛, 张文, 王文博, 王政洋, 杨芮, 孙玉岩. 主成分分析及灰色关联度分析综合评价棉花产量与品质[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(5): 1099-1109. |
[11] | 申莹莹, 张巨松, 彭增莹, 段松江, 李宗润, 吴一帆. 缩节胺复配打顶剂对机采棉冠层结构、光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(5): 1110-1117. |
[12] | 王宁, 史应武, 牛新湘, 杨红梅, 楚敏, 詹发强, 包慧芳, 杨蓉, 龙宣杞, 丁荣荣. 棉花根际溶磷菌WJP-7发酵培养基优化及防病增产效果[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(5): 1263-1270. |
[13] | 张泓, 吐尔逊江·买买提, 张少民, 张军高, 周小云. 近30 a全国棉花生产区域时空变化及区域优势分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(4): 1028-1040. |
[14] | 代健敏, 张巨松, 徐新龙, 李始鑫, 翟梦华, 孙明辉. 氮肥运筹对雹后重播受旱棉花生长特性及产量影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(4): 798-809. |
[15] | 丁宇, 张江辉, 白云岗, 刘洪波, 郑明, 赵经华, 肖军, 韩政宇. 双膜条件下不同干播湿出水分处理对棉花生理、生长特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(4): 810-822. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||