氮肥运筹对雹后重播受旱棉花生长特性及产量影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4): 798-809.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.003

氮肥运筹对雹后重播受旱棉花生长特性及产量影响

代健敏¹(), 张巨松¹(), 徐新龙¹, 李始鑫², 翟梦华², 孙明辉²

1.新疆农业大学教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆沙雅农技服务中心,新疆沙雅 842200

收稿日期:2022-09-03 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-05-06
通信作者: 张巨松(1963-),男,江苏人,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为棉花高产栽培与生理生态,(E-mail)xjndzjs@163.com
作者简介:代健敏(1997-),女,河南周口人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花高产栽培,(E-mail)wttdjml@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-4)

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on the growth characteristics and yield of drought cotton after hail reseeding

DAI Jianmin¹(), ZHANG Jusong¹(), XU Xinlong¹, LI Shixin², ZHAI Menghua², SUN Minghui²

1. Cotton Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education and Rural Affairs of the P.R.C., Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Shaya Agricultural Technology Service Center, Shaya Xinjiang 842200, China

Received:2022-09-03 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-05-06
Correspondence author: ZHANG Jusong(1963-), professor, research direction is cotton high-yield cultivation and physiological ecology, (E-mail)xjndzjs@163.com
Supported by:
Major Scientific R & D Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(2020A01002-4)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究氮肥运筹对雹后重播受旱棉花生长特性及产量影响。【方法】主区为正常蕾期灌水处理(CK),蕾期中度水分胁迫处理,副区为4种施氮比例不施氮(N₀)、以盛铃期为界限分为蕾期+花期肥:铃期肥3:7 (N₃₇)、蕾期+花期:铃期肥5:5 (N₅₅)、蕾期+花期:铃期肥7:3 (N₇₃),研究雹后重播受旱棉花的最佳氮肥运筹。 【结果】在同一氮肥处理下,蕾期中度水分胁迫较CK处理生育进程提前,茎粗、有效果枝、倒四叶宽、双铃率以及LAI、Pn均有所降低,干物质最大积累速率及出现时间、拐点提前;干物质最大积累量、干物质向生殖器官分配比例,单株成铃数、籽棉产量有所下降,单铃重、衣分无显著差异;在同一水分处理下,铃期肥比例增加,生育进程延后,倒四叶宽增加;不同追肥比例在茎粗、有效果枝数、倒四叶宽、双铃率、 LAI、Pn均优于N₀处理,干物质最大积累量、最大积累速率、单株结铃数、籽棉产量均高于N₀处理;在正常蕾期灌水处理(CK)下N₅₅处理表现最优,较N₀、N₃₇、N₇₃处理籽棉产量增产37.58%、13.89%、12.85%;在蕾期中度水分胁迫下N₃₇处理的茎粗、有效果枝、双铃率LAI、Pn优于CK处理,且增加效果显著;干物质积累量较CK处理的快速生长期缩短了1~7 d,营养器官干物质积累量、生殖器官干物质积累量平均降低了8.63%、54.83%,快速积累速率增加了49.6%,干物质最大积累量、持续时间、以及最大积累速率以N₃₇为最优且增加效果最为明显,单株结铃数、籽棉产量以N₃₇处理最高,分别比N₀、N₅₅、N₇₃增产57.33%、34.01%、18.35%。【结论】雹后重播受旱(蕾期中度水分胁迫)条件下,生育期追肥比例蕾期+花期肥:铃期期3:7时籽棉产量较CK不仅没有下降,还有所增产。棉花重播受旱下追肥比例设置为蕾期+花期肥:铃期肥3:7为最佳施肥比例。

关键词: 棉花; 氮肥运筹; 蕾期受旱; 生长特性; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】To study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on the growth characteristics and yield of drought-affected cotton after hail reseeding. 【Methods】The main area was normal bud stage irrigation treatment (CK), bud stage moderate water stress treatment, and the sub-area was 4 kinds of nitrogen application ratios (N₀). The boundary was divided into: bud stage + flowering stage. Fertilizer:Boll stage fertilizer 3:7 (N₃₇), Bud stage + Flowering stage:Boll stage fertilizer 5:5 (N₅₅), Bud stage + Flowering stage:Bell stage fertilizer 7:3 (N₇₃). The purpose was to study the best nitrogen fertilizer management for the drought cotton. 【Results】Under the same nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the moderate water stress at the bud stage was earlier than the CK treatment. The stem thickness, effective branches, first fourth leaf width, double boll rate, LAI and Pn were all reduced, and the maximum dry matter accumulation rate was as low as the emergence time and the turning point was advanced; the maximum accumulation of dry matter, the distribution ratio of dry matter to the reproductive organs, the number of bolls per plant and the yield of seed cotton declined, and there was no significant difference in single boll weight and lint; under the same water treatment, the boll stage when the fertilizer ratio increased, the growth process was delayed, and the width of the top four leaves increased; different topdressing ratios were better than the N₀ treatment in terms of stem thickness, number of effective branches, width of the top four leaves, double boll rate, LAI, and Pn. The maximum dry matter accumulation rate, the number of bolls per plant, and the yield of seed cotton were all higher than those of N₀ treatment; N₅₅ treatment performed best under normal bud stage irrigation treatment (CK), which increased 37.58%, 13.89%, and 12.85% compared with N₀, N₃₇, and N₇₃ treatments; Under moderate water stress in the bud stage, the stem thickness, effective shoots, double boll rate LAI and Pn of N₃₇ treatment were better than CK treatment, and the increase effect was significant; the dry matter accumulation was 1-7 days shorter than the rapid growth period of CK treatment; the dry matter accumulation of vegetative organs and reproductive organs decreased by 8.63% and 54.83% on average, and the rapid accumulation rate increased by 49.6%. The maximum accumulation amount, duration and maximum accumulation rate of dry matter were optimal with N₃₇ and the increase effect was most obvious. The number of single plant knot and seed cotton yield was that treated with N₃₇, which increased by 57.33%, 34.01% and 18.35% than N₀, N₅₅ and N₇₃, respectively.【Conclusion】Under the condition of reseeding and drought (moderate water stress in bud stage) after hail, the ratio of topdressing fertilizer in growth period and fertilizer in flowering period: 3:7 in boll period did not decrease but increased the yield of seed cotton compared with CK. In the case of cotton reseeding and drought, the topdressing ratio is set to bud stage + flowering stage fertilizer:boll stage fertilizer 3:7 is the best.

Key words: cotton; nitrogen fertilizer management; drought in bud stage; growth characteristics; yield

中图分类号:

S562

代健敏, 张巨松, 徐新龙, 李始鑫, 翟梦华, 孙明辉. 氮肥运筹对雹后重播受旱棉花生长特性及产量影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(4): 798-809.

DAI Jianmin, ZHANG Jusong, XU Xinlong, LI Shixin, ZHAI Menghua, SUN Minghui. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on the growth characteristics and yield of drought cotton after hail reseeding[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(4): 798-809.

图/表 12

参考文献 33

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土层 Soil depth (cm)	pH	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	水解性氮 Hydrolytic N (mg/kg)	有效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)
0~20	8.25	0.3	6.21	30.8	25.7	117
20~40	8.67	0.22	4.24	11.2	8	68
40~60	8.26	0.19	3.44	16.8	8.8	106

土层 Soil depth (cm)	pH	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	水解性氮 Hydrolytic N (mg/kg)	有效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)
0~20	8.25	0.3	6.21	30.8	25.7	117
20~40	8.67	0.22	4.24	11.2	8	68
40~60	8.26	0.19	3.44	16.8	8.8	106

水分胁迫 Moisture Coercion	氮肥处理 Nitrogen Treatment	灌水量 Irrigation volume (m³/hm²)	基肥占总施氮量比例 Base fertilizer accounted for Total nitrogen application rate(%)	蕾期+花期 Bud stage + Flowering and boll stage			铃期 Bolls stage			总施氮量 Total nitrogen application rate (kg/hm²)
水分胁迫 Moisture Coercion	氮肥处理 Nitrogen Treatment	灌水量 Irrigation volume (m³/hm²)		灌水次数 Irrigation frequency	施肥次数 Fertilize frequency	占总施氮量比例 Percentage of total nitrogen application (%)	灌水次数 Irrigation frequency	施肥次数 Irrigation frequency	占总施氮量比例 Percentage of total nitrogen application (%)	总施氮量 Total nitrogen application rate (kg/hm²)
CK	N₀	3 800	20	4	0	0	3	0	0	0
	N₃₇	3 800	20	4	3	24	3	3	56	320
	N₅₅	3 800	20	4	3	40	3	3	40	320
	N₇₃	3 800	20	4	3	56	3	3	24	320
中度水迫 Moderate water stress	N₀	3 800	20	3	0	0	4	0	0	0
	N₁	3 800	20	3	3	24	4	3	56	320
	N₂	3 800	20	3	3	40	4	3	40	320
	N₃	3 800	20	3	3	56	4	3	24	320

水分胁迫 Moisture Coercion	氮肥处理 Nitrogen Treatment	灌水量 Irrigation volume (m³/hm²)	基肥占总施氮量比例 Base fertilizer accounted for Total nitrogen application rate(%)	蕾期+花期 Bud stage + Flowering and boll stage			铃期 Bolls stage			总施氮量 Total nitrogen application rate (kg/hm²)
水分胁迫 Moisture Coercion	氮肥处理 Nitrogen Treatment	灌水量 Irrigation volume (m³/hm²)		灌水次数 Irrigation frequency	施肥次数 Fertilize frequency	占总施氮量比例 Percentage of total nitrogen application (%)	灌水次数 Irrigation frequency	施肥次数 Irrigation frequency	占总施氮量比例 Percentage of total nitrogen application (%)	总施氮量 Total nitrogen application rate (kg/hm²)
CK	N₀	3 800	20	4	0	0	3	0	0	0
	N₃₇	3 800	20	4	3	24	3	3	56	320
	N₅₅	3 800	20	4	3	40	3	3	40	320
	N₇₃	3 800	20	4	3	56	3	3	24	320
中度水迫 Moderate water stress	N₀	3 800	20	3	0	0	4	0	0	0
	N₁	3 800	20	3	3	24	4	3	56	320
	N₂	3 800	20	3	3	40	4	3	40	320
	N₃	3 800	20	3	3	56	4	3	24	320

处理 Treatment	5/18	日期(M/D)								总量 Total
处理 Treatment	5/18	6/25	7/5	7/15	7/25	8/5	8/15	8/25	9/5	总量 Total
灌水量Irrigation volume(m³/hm²)
CK 中度水迫 Moderate water stress	/	570	570	570	760	570	570	190	/	3 800
CK 中度水迫 Moderate water stress	/		570	570	760	570	570	190	570	3 800
施氮量Nitrogen application(kg/hm²)
N₀	0	/	0	0	0	0	0	0	/	0
N₃₇	64	/	15.36	18.43	43.01	93.18	64.51	21.50	/	320
N₅₅	64	/	25.60	30.72	71.68	66.56	46.08	15.36	/	320
N₇₃	64	/	35.84	43.01	100.35	39.94	27.65	9.22	/	320

氮肥运筹对雹后重播受旱棉花生长特性及产量影响

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on the growth characteristics and yield of drought cotton after hail reseeding

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Metrics

水分胁迫 Water stress	施氮比例 Nitrogen application ratio	盛蕾期 Full squaring stage	初花期 Early flowering stage	盛花期 Full flowers stage	盛铃期 Full bolls stage	吐絮期 Opening bolls
CK	N₀	6月22日	7月16日	7月26日	8月6日	9月14日
	N₃₇	6月22日	7月17日	7月28日	8月13日	9月28日
	N₅₅	6月22日	7月17日	7月30日	8月15日	9月25日
	N₇₃	6月22日	7月18日	8月1日	8月14日	9月30日
中度水迫 Moderate water stress	N₀	6月22日	7月15日	7月24日	8月3日	9月4日
	N₃₇	6月22日	7月16日	7月26日	8月11日	9月21日
	N₅₅	6月22日	7月16日	7月27日	8月8日	9月14日
	N₇₃	6月22日	7月17日	7月28日	8月10日	9月23日

水分胁迫 Water stress	施氮比例 Nitrogen application ratio	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	真叶数 Number stem leaf	有效果枝数 Effective fruit branch number	倒四叶宽 Fall four leaf width (cm)	双铃率 Double bell rate(%)
CK	N₀	83.8^c	10.77^d	14.2^d	6.6^c	14.02^bc	1.08^d
	N₃₇	100.3^a	11.28^abc	16.9^abc	8.5^ab	16.40^a	8.41^b
	N₅₅	98.8^a	10.95^ab	15.8^ab	8.7^ab	14.8^bb	14.29^a
	N₇₃	92.2^b	10.23^cd	15.0^cd	8.7^ab	14.60^bc	12.15^bc
中度水迫 Moderate water stress	N₀	75.5^c	7.95^f	14.2^d	6.1^c	13.79^c	0.00^d
	N₃₇	96.9^a	11.97^a	17.2^a	9.2^a	15.98^a	15.67^a
	N₅₅	89.8^ab	8.77^e	16.3^bc	8.2^b	14.49^b	6.50^cd
	N₇₃	90.6^ab	8.64^e	16.1^ab	8.1^ab	14.41^b	10.43^ab

水分胁迫 Water stress	施氮比例 Nitrogen application ratio	方程 Equation	t₀ (d)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	△t (d)	Vm (g/(plant·d))	R²
CK	N₀	Y=84.096 9/(1+e^{(3.310 8-0.052 935}^t⁾)	63	38	87	50	1.11	0.98^*
	N₃₇	Y=128.083 4/(1+e^{(3.366 7-0.047 224}^t⁾)	71	43	99	56	1.51	0.99^*
	N₅₅	Y=178.840 1/(1+e^{(3.900 7-0.049 755}^t⁾)	78	52	105	53	2.22	0.98^*
	N₇₃	Y=107.611 1/(1+e^{(3.357 3-0.060 877}^t⁾)	55	34	77	43	1.64	0.99^*
中度水迫 Moderate water stress	N₀	Y=71.504 0/(1+e^{(3.314 0-0.053 694}^t⁾)	62	37	86	49	0.96	0.99^*
	N₃₇	Y=166.744 4/(1+e^{(4.232 4-0.054 288}^t⁾)	78	54	102	49	2.26	0.99^*
	N₅₅	Y=97.198 0/(1+e^{(3.002 9-0.050 132}^t⁾)	60	34	86	53	1.22	0.99^*
	N₇₃	Y=112.757 8/(1+e^{(3.096 1-0.052 956}^t⁾)	58	34	83	50	1.49	0.99^*

水分胁迫 Water stress	施氮比例 Nitrogen application ratio	单株干物质积累量 Plant dry matter accumulation (g)	营养器官分配比例 Vegetative organs dry matter distribution ratio (%)	生殖器官分配比例 Reproduction organs dry matter distribution ratio (%)
CK	N₀	76.513	35.80	64.20
	N₃₇	108.7	38.57	61.43
	N₅₅	144.81	36.54	63.46
	N₇₃	102.24	39.51	60.49
中度水迫 Moderate water stress	N₀	65.92	33.97	66.03
	N₃₇	140.28	34.88	65.12
	N₅₅	91.31	36.64	63.36
	N₇₃	108.59	36.30	63.70

水分胁迫 Water stress	施氮比例 Nitrogen application ratior	单株结铃数 Bolls per plant	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Fiber yield	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	增产率 Yield increase rate (%)
CK	N₀	6.16^d	5.65^a	0.44^bc	4 775.40^c
	N₃₇	7.07^c	5.93^a	0.45^abc	5 764.94^b	20.72
	N₅₅	8.04^a	5.96^a	0.44^c	6 570.16^a	37.58
	N₇₃	7.21^bc	5.90^a	0.46^c	5 821.96^b	21.91
中度水迫 Moderate water stress	N₀	5.25^d	5.84^a	0.43^c	4 213.88^c
	N₃₇	7.91^ab	6.10^a	0.46^a	6 629.73^a	57.33
	N₅₅	6.54^c	5.52^a	0.44^c	4 946.90^b	17.39
	N₇₃	6.8^c	5.98^a	0.44^abc	5 601.81^b	32.93

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