不同穴播模式对玉米生长及产量构成的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究相同密度下不同穴播模式及株行距配置对新疆玉米生长及产量构成的影响。【方法】 以玉米品种新玉59号为材料，在覆膜滴灌条件下，分别设置相同密度的1穴1株（H₁）和1穴3株（H₃）2种穴播模式，分析不同穴播模式及株行距配置下，玉米生育期内生物学性状指标及产量构成的变化。【结果】 在同一种植密度下， H₃处理在拔节期的叶面积显著大于H₁处理。H₃在抽雄期、灌浆期的叶面积指数比H₁处理分别高16%、9%，光合势比H₁处理分别高18%、25%；H₁处理的株高为227.70 cm，茎粗为18.01 mm，比H₃处理高11%和5%。H₃处理的有效穗数、穗粒数比H₁处理高10%、7%，差异达到显著水平。1穴3株（H₃）处理的产量为11 825 kg/hm²，较H₁增产16%，且显著高于H₁处理。【结论】 1穴3株种植模式显著促进了玉米叶面积的增长，延缓后期叶片的衰老，有助于后期光合产物的积累，抽雄期后叶面积指数、光合势提高，促进了玉米的生殖生长，提高了穗粒质量和玉米籽粒产量。在新疆玉米主产区，密度为139 500株/hm²（9 300株/667m²）下，1穴3株种植模式及适宜的株行距配置有利于实现玉米高产。

关键词: 玉米; 穴播; 种植密度; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To elucidate the effects of different hole sowing patterns and plant row spacing on maize growth and yield components in Xinjiang．【Method】 Taking maize variety Xinyu 59 as experimental material， under the condition of film mulching drip irrigation， two hole sowing modes of one hole one plant （H₁）and one hole three plants （H₃）with the same density were set respectively to analyze the changes of biological characters and yield components in maize growth period under different hole sowing modes and plant row spacing configuration.【Result】 The results showed that：under the same planting density， the leaf area of H₃ treatment at jointing stage was significantly larger than that of H₁ treatment.The leaf area index of H₃ was 16% and 9% higher than that of H₁ at tasseling stage and filling stage， respectively， and the photosynthetic potential of H₃ was 18% and 25% higher than that of H₁；The plant height and stem diameter of H₁ treatment were 227.70 cm and 18.01mm respectively， which were 11% and 5% higher than those of H₃ treatment.The effective panicle number and grain number per panicle of H₃ treatment were 10% and 7% higher than that of H₁ treatment， and the difference was significant.The yield of H₃ was 11 825 kg / hm²，16% higher than that of H₁， and significantly higher than that of H₁.【Conclusion】 The treatment of three plants in one hole significantly promoted the growth of leaf area， delayed the senescence of leaves at later stage， and contributed to the accumulation of photosynthetic products at later stage. After tasseling stage， the leaf area index and photosynthetic potential increased， promoted the reproductive growth of maize， and improved the ear grain quality and grain yield of maize. In the main corn production area of Xinjiang，the planting pattern of three plants in one hole and the suitable spacing between plants and rows are conducive to achieve the goal of high yield of corn under the density of 139 500 plants / hm² （9 300 plants / mu）.

Key words: maize; hole sowing; planting density; yeild

中图分类号:

5513

杨金钰, 孙九胜, 乔小燕, 王西和, 槐国龙, 崔磊. 不同穴播模式对玉米生长及产量构成的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(9): 2186-2191.

YANG Jinyu, SUN Jiusheng, QIAO Xiaoyan, WANG Xihe, HUAI Guolong, CUI Lei. Effects of More Plants Per Hole on Maize Growth and Yield Components[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(9): 2186-2191.

图/表 5

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灌溉次序 Irrigation sequence	灌水时间（苗后天数） Irrigation time （days after seedling）	灌水量 Irrigation amount（m³/hm²）	灌水周期Irrigation cycle （d）	纯氮 Nitrogen （kg /hm²）	纯磷 Phosphorus （kg /hm²）	纯钾 Potassium （kg /hm²）
1	出苗水	75	0	0	0	0
2	40	300	7	70.5	13.5	15
3	47	320	7	33	7.5	16.5
4	54	425	7	34.5	9	16.5
5	61	525	7	34.5	10.5	19.5
6	68	525	7	39	7.5	3
7	75	525	7	39	6	3
8	82	525	7	39	6	3
9	89	525	7	36	6	3
10	99	450	10	0	0	0
11	109	300	10	0	0	0
合计	109	4495	--	325.5	66	79.5

灌溉次序 Irrigation sequence	灌水时间（苗后天数） Irrigation time （days after seedling）	灌水量 Irrigation amount（m³/hm²）	灌水周期Irrigation cycle （d）	纯氮 Nitrogen （kg /hm²）	纯磷 Phosphorus （kg /hm²）	纯钾 Potassium （kg /hm²）
1	出苗水	75	0	0	0	0
2	40	300	7	70.5	13.5	15
3	47	320	7	33	7.5	16.5
4	54	425	7	34.5	9	16.5
5	61	525	7	34.5	10.5	19.5
6	68	525	7	39	7.5	3
7	75	525	7	39	6	3
8	82	525	7	39	6	3
9	89	525	7	36	6	3
10	99	450	10	0	0	0
11	109	300	10	0	0	0
合计	109	4495	--	325.5	66	79.5

处理 Treatment	苗期 seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	抽雄期 Tasseling stage	灌浆期 Filling stage
H₁	126.86±41.76^a	250.23±87.21^b	4232.53±483.37a	4455.52±301.54^a
H₃	127.51±77.29^a	555.70±116.79^a	4876.12±403.96a	4898.35±303.38^a

处理 Treatment	苗期 seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	抽雄期 Tasseling stage	灌浆期 Filling stage
H₁	126.86±41.76^a	250.23±87.21^b	4232.53±483.37a	4455.52±301.54^a
H₃	127.51±77.29^a	555.70±116.79^a	4876.12±403.96a	4898.35±303.38^a

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height （cm）	茎粗 Stem diameter （mm）	有效穗数 Spike number （穗/hm²）	穗粒数 Grain number （粒/穗）	百粒重 100grain weight （g）	产量 Yeild （kg/hm²）
H₁	227.70±30.03^a	18.01±2.62^a	7.88±0.35^b	433.25±11.79^b	36.35±0.54^a	9875±366.30^b
H₃	202.56±30.16^b	17.09±2.48^a	8.71±0.16^a	466.38±25.44^a	36.90±0.58^a	11825±281.56^a