缓释氮对砂姜黑土区夏玉米干物质积累和产量影响及相关分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究砂姜黑土区缓释氮对夏玉米干物质积累和产量的影响。【方法】 以北青340为供试玉米品种，设置对照（C₀）、缓释氮70 kg/hm²（C₇₀）、140 kg/hm²（C₁₄₀）、210 kg/hm²（C₂₁₀）、280 kg/hm²（C₂₈₀）5个水平。【结果】 随缓释氮施用量的增加，抽雄开花后器官干物质量和产量均呈先增加再降低的变化规律；产量因素与器官干物质量相关性有差异，与R₃茎+鞘、R₆茎+鞘之和干物质量负相关，其它正相关，产量性状与器官干物质量存在显著的线性关系。【结论】 缓释氮210 kg/hm²可作为砂姜黑土区夏玉米氮素施用量。

关键词: 缓释氮肥; 砂姜黑土; 夏玉米; 干物质积累; 产量; 相关性

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to research effects of slow-release nitrogen supply on yield and dry matter of Summer maize at lime concretion black soil．【Method】 using Beiqing 340， five levels of control （C₀）， slow-release urea 70 kg / hm² （C₇₀）， slow-release urea 140 kg / hm² （C₁₄₀）， slow-release urea 210 kg / hm² （C₂₁₀） and slow-release urea 280 kg / hm² （C₂₈₀） were set up.【Result】 The results of correlation and regression showed that with the increase of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer， Dry matter and yield increased first and then decreased. The correlation otherness between organic dry matter and yield character， the para correlation weight of stem and leaf sheath at R₃and R6，others positive correlation， linear relationship between organic dry matter and yield character.【Conclusion】 Comprehensive consider yield increment and the cost slow-release 210 kg/hm²（C₂₁₀）can be recommend fertilization model of maize in the area of study.

Key words: slow-release of nitrogen fertilizer; lime concretion black soil; summer maize; dry material accumulation; yield; correlation analysis

中图分类号:

S513

邢永锋, 周文伟, 许卫猛, 陈国立, 魏常敏, 李桂芝, 宋万友, 万彦伟, 周恩忠, 李伟房. 缓释氮对砂姜黑土区夏玉米干物质积累和产量影响及相关分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(9): 2179-2185.

XING Yongfeng, ZHOU Wenwei, XU Weimeng, CHEN Guoli, WEI Changmin, LI Guizhi, SONG Wanyou, WAN Yanwei, ZHOU Enzhong, LI Weifang. Effects and Correlative Analysis of Slow-release Nitrogen Supply on Yield and Dry Matter of Summer Maize at Lime Concretion Black Soil[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(9): 2179-2185.

图/表 12

参考文献 20

[1]	薛豫宛, 李太魁, 张玉亭, 等. 砂姜黑土农田土壤障碍因子消减技术浅析[J]. 河南农业科学, 2013, 42(10):66-69.
	XUE Yuwan, LI Taikui, ZHANG Yuting, et al. Analysis on the technology of reducing the obstacle factors of farmland soil in Black Soil[J]. Henan Agricultural Science, 2013, 42(10):66-69.
[2]	查理思, 吴克宁, 李玲, 等. 河南省砂姜黑土土属的耕作障碍因素研究[J]. 土壤通报, 2015, 46(2):280-286.
	CHA lisi, WU Kenning, LI Ling, et al. Study on the cultivation obstacle factors of the soil genus of Black Soil in Henan Province[J]. Soil Bulletin, 2015, 46(2):280-286.
[3]	姜涛. 缓释氮运筹对夏玉米产量、品质及植株养分含量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(3):559-565.
	JIANG Tao. Effects of slow release nitrogen fertilizer on yield,quality and nutrient content of Summer Maize[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2013, 19(3):559-565.
[4]	司东霞, 崔振岭, 陈新平, 等. 不同控释缓释氮对夏玉米同化物积累及氮平衡的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(6):1745-1751.
	SI Dong xia, CUI Zhenling, CHEN Xinping, et al. Effects of different controlled release and slow release nitrogen fertilizers on the accumulation of assimilates and nitrogen balance in summer maize[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(6):1745-1751.
[5]	周进宝, 杨国航, 孙世贤, 等. 黄淮海夏播玉米区玉米生产现状和发展趋势[J]. 作物杂志, 2008,(2):4-7.
	ZHOU Jinbao, YANG Guohang, SUN Shixian, et al. Current situation and development trend of maize production in summer sowing maize area of Huang Huai Hai[J]. Crop Magazine, 2008,(2):4-7.
[6]	Dordas C A, Lithourgidis A S, Matsi T, et al. Application of liquid cattle manure and inorganic fertilizers affect dry matter,nitrogen accumulation,and partitioning in maize[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2008, 80(3):283-296. DOI URL
[7]	赵霞, 刘京宝, 土振华, 等. 缓、控释肥对夏玉米生长及产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2008,(6):247-249.
	ZHAO Xia, LIU Jingbao, TU Zhenhua, et al. Effects of slow and controlled release fertilizers on growth and yield of Summer Maize[J]. Chinese Agronomy Bulletin, 2008,(6):247-249.
[8]	周宝元, 孙雪芳, 丁在松, 等. 土壤耕作和施肥方式对夏玉米干物质积累与产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(11):2129-2140.
	ZHOU Yuanbao, SUN Xuefang, DING Zaisong, et al. Effects of soil tillage and Fertilization on dry matter accumulation and yield of Summer Maize[J]. Agricultural Science in China, 2017, 50(11):2129-2140.
[9]	易镇邪, 王璞, 申丽霞. 不同类型缓释氮对夏玉米氮肥累积、转运与缓释氮利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2006,(32):772-778.
	YI Zhengxie, WANG Pu, SHEN Lixia. Effects of different types of slow release nitrogen fertilizer on accumulation,transportation and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer in summer maize[J]. Acta Crop, 2006,(32):772-778.
[10]	Gu B, Ge Y, Chang S X, Luo W, Chang J. Nitrate in groundwater of China:Sources and driving forces[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2013, 23(5):1112-1121. DOI URL
[11]	李广浩, 赵斌, 董树亭, 等. 控释尿素水氮耦合对夏玉米产量和光合特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2015, 41(9):1406-1415.
	LI Guang hao, ZHAO Bin, DONG Shu ting, et al. Effects of coupling of controlled release urea in water and nitrogen on Yield and photosynthetic characteristics of Summer Maize[J]. Acta Crop, 2015, 41(9):1406-1415.
[12]	王寅, 冯国忠, 张天山, 等. 控释氮肥与尿素混施对连作春玉米产量、氮素吸收和氮素平衡的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(3):518-528.
	WANG Y, FENG G Z, ZHANG T S, et al. Effects of mixed application of controlled-release N fertilizer and common urea on grain yield,N uptake and soil N balance in continuous spring maize production[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(3):518-528.
[13]	衣文平, 朱国梁, 武良, 等. 不同量的包膜控释尿素与普通尿素配施在夏玉米上的应用研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16 (6):1497-1502.
	YI Wenping, ZHU Guoliang, WU Liang, et al. Study on the application of different amounts of coated controlled release urea combined with common urea in summer maize[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2010, 16 (6):1497-1502.
[14]	杨恒山, 张玉芹, 徐寿军, 等. 超高产春玉米干物质及养分积累与转运特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(2):315-323.
	YANG Hengsan, ZHANG Yuqin, XU Shoutao, et al. Characteristics of dry matter and nutrient accumulation and transport in Super High Yield Spring Maize[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2012, 18(2):315-323.
[15]	李宗新, 陈源泉, 王庆成, 等. 密植条件下种植方式对夏玉米群体根冠特性及产量的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2012, 32(23):7391-7401.
	LI Zong xin, CHEN Yuanquan, WANG Qingcheng, et al. Effects of planting patterns on root and shoot characteristics and yield of summer maize under high planting density[J]. Acta Ecologca Sinica 2012, 32(23):7391-7401.
[16]	赵洪祥, 边少锋, 孙宁, 等. 缓释氮运筹对玉米氮肥动态变化和缓释氮肥利用的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2012, 20(3):122-129.
	ZHAO Hongxiang, BIAN Shaofeng, SUN Ning, et al. Effects of slow release nitrogen fertilizer application methods on dynamic change of nitrogen fertilizer and slow release nitrogen utilization in Maize[J]. Corn Science, 2012, 20(3):122-129.
[17]	Maddonni G A, Otegui M E, Cirilo A G. Plant population density,row spacing and hybrid effects on maize canopy architecture and light attenuation[J]. Field Crops Research, 2001, 71(3):183-193. DOI URL
[18]	陈国平, 王荣焕, 赵久然. 玉米高产田的产量结构模式及关键因素分析[J]. 玉米科学, 2009, 17(4):89-93.
	CHEN Guoping, WANG Ronghuan, ZHAO Jiuran. Analysis on yield structure model and key factors of maize high yield field[J]. Corn Science, 2009, 17(4):89-93.
[19]	于亚利, 贾文凯, 等. 春玉米叶片 SPAD 值与氮含量及产量的相关性研究[J]. 玉米科学, 2011, 19(4):89-92.
	YU Yali, JIA Wenkai, et al. Correlation between SPAD value of spring maize leaves and nitrogen content and yield[J]. Corn Science, 2011, 19(4):89-92.
[20]	张学林, 徐钧, 安婷婷, 等. 不同氮肥水平下玉米根际土壤特性与产量的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(14):2687-2699.
	ZHANG Xueling, XU Jun, AN Tingting, et al. Relationship between characteristics of maize rhizosphere soil and yield under different nitrogen application levels[J]. Agricultural Science in China, 2016, 49(14):2687-2699.

处理 Treatment	拔节期 V₆	抽雄期 VT	灌浆期 R₃	成熟期 R₆
C₀	787.86^e	3 119.17^e	14 215.27^e	15 113.50^d
C₇₀	936.75^d	3 945.02^d	15 025.27^d	17 597.07^c
C₁₄₀	1 202.56^c	5 205.96^c	15 794.20^c	18 945.63^b
C₂₁₀	1 381.76^b	7 655.59^a	17 323.53^a	20 565.93^a
C₂₈₀	1 547.40^a	6 163.52^b	16 617.59^b	18 652.90^b

处理 Treatment	拔节期 V₆	抽雄期 VT	灌浆期 R₃	成熟期 R₆
C₀	787.86^e	3 119.17^e	14 215.27^e	15 113.50^d
C₇₀	936.75^d	3 945.02^d	15 025.27^d	17 597.07^c
C₁₄₀	1 202.56^c	5 205.96^c	15 794.20^c	18 945.63^b
C₂₁₀	1 381.76^b	7 655.59^a	17 323.53^a	20 565.93^a
C₂₈₀	1 547.40^a	6 163.52^b	16 617.59^b	18 652.90^b

处理Treatment	拔节期 V₆	抽雄期 VT	灌浆期 R₃	成熟期 R₆
C₀	467.19^e	926.71^e	2 956.82^e	2 297.28^d
C₇₀	573.24^d	1 234.87^d	3 425.81^d	2 780.45^c
C₁₄₀	758.69^c	1 785.72^c	4 011.75^c	3 107.33^b
C₂₁₀	924.55^b	2 878.33^a	4 637.54^a	3 681.11^a
C₂₈₀	1 013.07^a	2 225.60^b	4 191.46^b	3 188.88^b

处理Treatment	拔节期 V₆	抽雄期 VT	灌浆期 R₃	成熟期 R₆
C₀	467.19^e	926.71^e	2 956.82^e	2 297.28^d
C₇₀	573.24^d	1 234.87^d	3 425.81^d	2 780.45^c
C₁₄₀	758.69^c	1 785.72^c	4 011.75^c	3 107.33^b
C₂₁₀	924.55^b	2 878.33^a	4 637.54^a	3 681.11^a
C₂₈₀	1 013.07^a	2 225.60^b	4 191.46^b	3 188.88^b

处理 Treatment	拔节期 V₆	抽雄期 VT	灌浆期 R₃	成熟期 R₆
C₀	320.67^d	2 192.46^e	8 045.72^a	5 937.0945^a
C₇₀	363.51^c	2 710.15^d	7 362.25^c	5 912.1304^a
C₁₄₀	443.86^b	3 420.24^c	7 075.75^d	5 889.5537^a
C₂₁₀	457.21^b	4 777.27^a	7 015.02^d	5 541.6406^a
C₂₈₀	534.33^a	3 937.92^b	7 622.94^b	5 528.5225^a