新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8): 1838-1846.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.08.003
• 作物遗传育种·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇 下一篇
蒲胜海1,2,3(), 王则玉1,2, 丁峰1,2(), 牛新湘1,2, 金秀勤4, 马红红1,2,3, 马兴旺1,2, 李磐1,2, 彭银双5, 刘小利1,2, 涂永峰3, 赵冬梅3, 李小伟3, 李韵同1
收稿日期:
2021-10-29
出版日期:
2022-08-20
发布日期:
2022-10-01
通信作者:
丁峰
作者简介:
蒲胜海(1982-),男,重庆垫江人,副研究员,研究方向为水肥资源高效利用,( E-mail ) aiqing2008@126.com
基金资助:
PU Shenghai1,2,3(), WANG Zeyu1,2, DING Feng1,2(), NIU Xinxiang1,2, JIN Xiuqin4, MA Honghong1,2,3, MA Xingwnag1,2, LI Pan1,2, PENG Yinshuang5, LIU Xiaoli1,2, TU Yongfeng3, ZHAO Dongmei3, LI Xiaowei3, LI Yuntong1
Received:
2021-10-29
Online:
2022-08-20
Published:
2022-10-01
Correspondence author:
DING Feng
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究膜下滴灌水氮空间调控对机采棉群体塑造及产量的影响。【方法】以新陆中66号为供试品种,试验采用大田裂区试验设计,主区为膜内不同滴灌带条数,分别为2、3和5条(分别标记为G2、G3、G5);副区为不同施氮量,分布为0、238、317、396 kg/hm2(分别标记为N0、N1、N2、N3),研究棉花生育期内不同水氮处理对群体指标、叶面积指数、干物质积累、产量和氮肥农学效应的影响。【结果】施氮量对机采棉群体塑造影响极显著,滴灌带布置条数对茎粗和果枝始节高度有显著影响;增加布管数量和施氮量可增加机采棉的叶面积指数,并在生育中后期达到显著影响;机采棉地上部分干物质积累量、单株铃数、单铃重、衣分和籽棉产量均随着施氮量的增加而呈单峰趋势,在N2水平下有最大值;滴灌带条数和施氮量的交互作用对果枝始节果枝始节高度、吐絮初期干物质积累量和产量的影响显著。【结论】水氮空间调控会显著影响棉花群体塑造和产量。适合“10 cm-66 cm-10 cm-66 cm-10 cm”机采棉模式的水氮组合为G5N2;考虑种植成本,也可选用G3N2组合,但需要适当提高其灌水频率,并对应减少灌水定额。
中图分类号:
蒲胜海, 王则玉, 丁峰, 牛新湘, 金秀勤, 马红红, 马兴旺, 李磐, 彭银双, 刘小利, 涂永峰, 赵冬梅, 李小伟, 李韵同. 膜下滴灌水氮空间调控对机采棉群体塑造及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(8): 1838-1846.
PU Shenghai, WANG Zeyu, DING Feng, NIU Xinxiang, JIN Xiuqin, MA Honghong, MA Xingwnag, LI Pan, PENG Yinshuang, LIU Xiaoli, TU Yongfeng, ZHAO Dongmei, LI Xiaowei, LI Yuntong. Machine-picked Cotton Population Shaping and Yield under Mulch Drip Irrigation with Different Spatial Distribution of Water and Nitrogen[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(8): 1838-1846.
项目Item | 灌水次数 Number of irrigation | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
灌水定额/Irrigation quota(m3/ hm2) | 30 | 30 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 35 | 35 | 30 |
氮肥施用比例/Nitrogen application proportion(%) | 20 | - | 6 | 8 | 22 | 25 | 12 | 7 | - |
表 1 生育期灌水定额及氮肥施用比例
Table 1 Irrigation quota and nitrogen fertilizer application ratio in growth period
项目Item | 灌水次数 Number of irrigation | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
灌水定额/Irrigation quota(m3/ hm2) | 30 | 30 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 35 | 35 | 30 |
氮肥施用比例/Nitrogen application proportion(%) | 20 | - | 6 | 8 | 22 | 25 | 12 | 7 | - |
滴灌带 Drip irrigation belts | 氮肥 Nitrogen | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Thick stem (mm) | 倒四叶宽 Inverted four-leaf width(cm) | 果枝始节高 Height of the first fruit branch(cm) | 果枝数 Number of branches |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G5 | N0 | 52.95bA | 7.61bA | 9.85cA | 15.06cA | 5.99cA |
N1 | 72.6aA | 9.64aA | 12.14bA | 21.01bB | 8.61bA | |
N2 | 73.91aA | 10.37aA | 13.54aA | 21.42bA | 9.83aA | |
N3 | 75.6aA | 10.38aA | 14.34aA | 22.4aA | 10.9aA | |
G3 | N0 | 52.45bA | 7.74bA | 10.31cA | 15.11dA | 6.4dA |
N1 | 72.36aA | 9.71aA | 11.92bA | 20.64cAB | 8.73cA | |
N2 | 73.64aA | 10.69aA | 13.14aA | 21.24bA | 9.54bA | |
N3 | 75.35aA | 10.38aA | 13.91aA | 21.93aA | 11.1aA | |
G2 | N0 | 53.89bA | 7.71bA | 10.14cA | 15.45cA | 6.25dA |
N1 | 70.74aA | 8.82aA | 11.54bA | 20.23bB | 8.12cA | |
N2 | 71.9aA | 9.18aA | 13.11aA | 20.69bB | 9.23bA | |
N3 | 74.3aA | 9.33aA | 13.83aA | 21.93aA | 10.33aA | |
滴灌带Drip irrigation belt | ns | * | ns | * | ns | |
施氮Nitrogen | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
滴灌带数*施氮量Drip irrigation belt*nitrogen | ns | ns | ns | * | ns |
表 2 水氮空间调控下机采棉群体塑造变化
Table 2 Machine-picked cotton population shaping with different spatial distribution of water and nitrogen
滴灌带 Drip irrigation belts | 氮肥 Nitrogen | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Thick stem (mm) | 倒四叶宽 Inverted four-leaf width(cm) | 果枝始节高 Height of the first fruit branch(cm) | 果枝数 Number of branches |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G5 | N0 | 52.95bA | 7.61bA | 9.85cA | 15.06cA | 5.99cA |
N1 | 72.6aA | 9.64aA | 12.14bA | 21.01bB | 8.61bA | |
N2 | 73.91aA | 10.37aA | 13.54aA | 21.42bA | 9.83aA | |
N3 | 75.6aA | 10.38aA | 14.34aA | 22.4aA | 10.9aA | |
G3 | N0 | 52.45bA | 7.74bA | 10.31cA | 15.11dA | 6.4dA |
N1 | 72.36aA | 9.71aA | 11.92bA | 20.64cAB | 8.73cA | |
N2 | 73.64aA | 10.69aA | 13.14aA | 21.24bA | 9.54bA | |
N3 | 75.35aA | 10.38aA | 13.91aA | 21.93aA | 11.1aA | |
G2 | N0 | 53.89bA | 7.71bA | 10.14cA | 15.45cA | 6.25dA |
N1 | 70.74aA | 8.82aA | 11.54bA | 20.23bB | 8.12cA | |
N2 | 71.9aA | 9.18aA | 13.11aA | 20.69bB | 9.23bA | |
N3 | 74.3aA | 9.33aA | 13.83aA | 21.93aA | 10.33aA | |
滴灌带Drip irrigation belt | ns | * | ns | * | ns | |
施氮Nitrogen | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | |
滴灌带数*施氮量Drip irrigation belt*nitrogen | ns | ns | ns | * | ns |
图 3 水氮调控下机采棉地上部干物质积累量变化 注:不同小写字母表示在相同滴灌带条数下的水平差异显著(P<0.05)。
Fig. 3 Effect of water and nitrogen regulation on dry matter accumulation in the aboveground Note:Different small letters mean significant difference among treatments in the same drip irrigation belts(P<0.05).
滴灌带 Drip irrigation belt | 氮肥 Nitrogen | 单株铃/个 Number of bolls | 单铃重 Single boll mass (g) | 衣分 Ginning outturn (%) | 产量 Yield (kg/hm2) | 氮肥农学效应 Agronomic effects of N fertilizer(kg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G5 | N0 | 2.83cA | 4.79cA | 41.71aA | 3 195.64dA | — |
N1 | 4.92bA | 5.05bA | 41.91aA | 5 715.34cA | 10.6aA | |
N2 | 5.82aA | 5.31aA | 42.06aA | 6 545.47aA | 10.57aA | |
N3 | 5.63aA | 5.22aA | 42.03aA | 6 375.58bA | 8.03bA | |
G3 | N0 | 2.79dA | 4.72cA | 41.69aA | 3 210.11dA | — |
N1 | 4.95cA | 4.99bA | 41.87aA | 5 675.21cA | 10.37aA | |
N2 | 5.72aAB | 5.21aAB | 42.00aA | 6 498.65aA | 10.37aA | |
N3 | 5.52bAB | 5.18aA | 41.95aA | 6 305.74bAB | 7.81bA | |
G2 | N0 | 2.73cA | 4.75cA | 41.81aA | 3 150.71cA | — |
N1 | 5.01bA | 5.01bA | 41.99aA | 5 400.12bB | 9.46aB | |
N2 | 5.53aB | 5.19aB | 42.11aA | 6 240.44aB | 9.75aB | |
N3 | 5.44aB | 5.16aA | 42.08aA | 6 080.63aB | 7.39bB | |
滴灌带Drip irrigation belt | * | * | ns | *** | *** | |
施氮Nitrogen | *** | *** | ns | *** | *** | |
滴灌带数*施氮量 Drip irrigation belt*nitrogen | ns | ns | ns | * | ns |
表 3 水氮空间调控下机采棉产量及氮肥农学效应变化
Table 3 Effect of water and nitrogen regulation on yield and agronomic effects of N fertilize
滴灌带 Drip irrigation belt | 氮肥 Nitrogen | 单株铃/个 Number of bolls | 单铃重 Single boll mass (g) | 衣分 Ginning outturn (%) | 产量 Yield (kg/hm2) | 氮肥农学效应 Agronomic effects of N fertilizer(kg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G5 | N0 | 2.83cA | 4.79cA | 41.71aA | 3 195.64dA | — |
N1 | 4.92bA | 5.05bA | 41.91aA | 5 715.34cA | 10.6aA | |
N2 | 5.82aA | 5.31aA | 42.06aA | 6 545.47aA | 10.57aA | |
N3 | 5.63aA | 5.22aA | 42.03aA | 6 375.58bA | 8.03bA | |
G3 | N0 | 2.79dA | 4.72cA | 41.69aA | 3 210.11dA | — |
N1 | 4.95cA | 4.99bA | 41.87aA | 5 675.21cA | 10.37aA | |
N2 | 5.72aAB | 5.21aAB | 42.00aA | 6 498.65aA | 10.37aA | |
N3 | 5.52bAB | 5.18aA | 41.95aA | 6 305.74bAB | 7.81bA | |
G2 | N0 | 2.73cA | 4.75cA | 41.81aA | 3 150.71cA | — |
N1 | 5.01bA | 5.01bA | 41.99aA | 5 400.12bB | 9.46aB | |
N2 | 5.53aB | 5.19aB | 42.11aA | 6 240.44aB | 9.75aB | |
N3 | 5.44aB | 5.16aA | 42.08aA | 6 080.63aB | 7.39bB | |
滴灌带Drip irrigation belt | * | * | ns | *** | *** | |
施氮Nitrogen | *** | *** | ns | *** | *** | |
滴灌带数*施氮量 Drip irrigation belt*nitrogen | ns | ns | ns | * | ns |
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