有机无机配施对超晚播冬小麦产量、氮磷养分吸收利用及土壤肥力的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.005

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (6): 1335-1343.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.005

• 种质资源·耕作栽培·生理生化·土壤肥料·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

有机无机配施对超晚播冬小麦产量、氮磷养分吸收利用及土壤肥力的影响

赖宁¹(), 耿庆龙¹, 李永福¹, 李娜¹, 信会男¹, 步生兵², 陈署晃¹()

1.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/新疆农业科学院农业遥感中心,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.吉木萨尔县农业技术推广站,新疆吉木萨尔 831799

收稿日期:2022-10-24 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-06-20
通信作者: 陈署晃(1973-),女,湖南人,研究员,硕士,研究方向为土壤肥料与农业信息技术,(E-mail) chensh66@163.com
作者简介:赖宁(1985-),男,陕西安康人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为土壤资源与农业信息技术应用,(E-mail)441270771@qq.com
基金资助:
科技创新重点培育专项“超晚冬播小麦节水高产生理机制及调控技术研究”(kjkcpy-003);国家重点研发计划项目“北方小麦化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2018YFD0200406);农业农村部耕地质量保护专项资金“耕地质量监测评价”

Effects of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizer on yield, nitrogen, phosphorus uptake and utilization, and soil fertility of the extremely-late winter sown wheat

LAI Ning¹(), GENG Qinglong¹, LI Yongfu¹, LI Na¹, XIN Huinan¹, BU Shengbing², CHEN Shuhuang¹()

1. Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural remote sensing center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Jimsar County, Jimsar Xinjiang 831799, China

Received:2022-10-24 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-06-20
Correspondence author: CHEN Shuhuang(1973-), female, Hunan, Doctor, research field: Research direction for soil fertilizer and agricultural information technology, (E-mail) chensh66@163.com
Supported by:
The Science and Technology Innovation Key Cultivation Project(kjkcpy-003);The National Key R&D Program Project of China(2018YFD0200406);Special Funds for Cultivated Land Quality Protection of the Ministry of Agriculture of The P.R.C., "Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Assessment"

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究化肥减量配施腐殖酸肥对北疆超晚播冬小麦产量、氮磷养分吸收利用及土壤肥力的影响,为新疆超晚播冬小麦化肥减量增效、提升麦田土壤肥力和调整小麦施肥结构提供科学依据和参考。【方法】设7个处理,分别为(1)常规施氮处理,NF;(2)优化施氮处理,OPT(80%常规施氮);(3)无氮处理,N₀;(4)无磷处理,P₀;(5)有机无机配施处理1,NM₁(OPT配施腐殖酸肥1.80 kg/hm²);(6)有机无机配施处理2,NM₂(OPT配施腐殖酸肥3.60 kg/hm²);(7)有机无机配施处理3,NM₃(OPT配施腐殖酸肥5.40 kg/hm²)。【结果】与常规施氮相比,80%常规施氮配施不同剂量腐殖酸肥超晚播冬小麦穗数提高了16.42%~24.16%,穗粒数提高了4.35%~12.42%,产量提高了13.93%~32.48%,地上部植株氮素积累量提高了2.08%~9.83%,磷素积累量提高了16.08%~30.62%,RE_N34.92%~71.68%,AE_N提高了164.49%~350.28%,PFP_N提高了42.41%~65.61%,RE_P提高了87.23%~166.09%,AE_P提高了166.67%~388.30%,PFP_P提高了13.92%~32.49%。0~20 cm土壤全氮含量提高7.59%~46.84%,有机质含量提高了31.79%~50.76%,有效磷含量提高63.31%~78.92%,速效钾含量提高12.63%~17.20%。【结论】选择氮肥减量20%配施腐殖酸肥5.40 kg/hm²对提高新疆北疆超晚播冬小麦产量、氮磷吸收利用和土壤肥力的效果最佳。

关键词: 超晚冬播小麦; 有机无机配施; 产量; 氮磷养分吸收利用; 土壤肥力

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with humic acid organic fertilizer on yield, nitrogen, phosphorus uptake and utilization, and soil fertility of the extremely-late winter sown wheat in Northern Xinjiang in the hope of providing scientific basis and reference for fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase, soil fertility improvement and adjustment of wheat fertilizer structure in Xinjiang.【Methods】 Seven treatments were designed, including (1) conventional N fertilization, NF; (2) optimized fertilization (80% conventional N fertilization), OPT; (3) no N fertilizer, N₀; (4) no P fertilizer, P₀; (5) OPT application combined with humic acid fertilizer 1.80 kg/hm², NM₁; (6) OPT application combined with humic acid fertilizer 3.60 kg/hm², NM₂; (7) OPT application combined with humic acid fertilizer 5.40 kg/hm², NM₃. 【Results】 Compared with NF, application of 80 % conventional N fertilization combined with different doses of humic acid fertilizer in extremely-late winter sown wheat, the spike number increased by 16.42%-24.16%, grain number increased by 4.35%-12.42%, the yield increased by 13.93%-32.48 %, the total nitrogen uptake increased by 2.08%-9.83%, the total nitrogen uptake increased by 16.08%-30.62%, RE_Nincreased by 34.92%-71.68%, AE_N increased by 164.49%-350.28%, PFP_N increased by 42.41%-65.61%, R $E P$ increased by 87.23%-166.09%. AE_P increased by 166.67%-388.30%, PFP_P increased by 13.92%-32.49%. and in 0-20 cm soil, the total nitrogen content increased by 7.59%-46.84%, the organic matter content increased by 31.79%-50.76%, the available phosphorus content increased by 63.31%-78.92%, the available potassium content increased by 12.63%-17.20%. 【Conclusion】 80% conventional N fertilization application combined with humic acid fertilizer 5.40 kg/hm²has best effect on improving the yield nitrogen, phosphorus uptake and utilization and soil fertility of extremely-late winter sown wheat in northern Xinjiang.

Key words: extremely-late winter sown wheat; organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizer; yield; nitrogen, phosphorus uptake and utilization; soil fertility

中图分类号:

S512
S14

赖宁, 耿庆龙, 李永福, 李娜, 信会男, 步生兵, 陈署晃. 有机无机配施对超晚播冬小麦产量、氮磷养分吸收利用及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1335-1343.

LAI Ning, GENG Qinglong, LI Yongfu, LI Na, XIN Huinan, BU Shengbing, CHEN Shuhuang. Effects of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizer on yield, nitrogen, phosphorus uptake and utilization, and soil fertility of the extremely-late winter sown wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(6): 1335-1343.

图/表 4

参考文献 35

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处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number (10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Grain number	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	增产Ⅰ Yield increase Ⅰ (%)	增产Ⅱ Yield increase Ⅱ (%)
N₀	463.33±52.69^c	33.32±0.98^c	47.48±1.40^a	7 397.06±256.58^e	-	-
P₀	512.00±29.55^bc	33.21±1.34^c	47.29±1.51^a	7 746.68±156.44^de	-	-
NM₁	576.67±18.61^ab	37.22±0.39^b	48.67±0.66^a	9 632.34±284.42^b	13.93	3.61
NM₂	587.67±15.82^ab	38.06±1.13^b	49.47±1.07^a	9 981.14±532.22^b	18.05	7.36
NM₃	615.00±59.3^a	40.10±0.69^a	49.76±0.84^a	11 200.94±461.28^a	32.48	20.48
OPT	570.67±21.73^ab	36.96±1.13^b	47.88±1.00^a	9 296.84±269.76^bc	9.96	-
NF	495.33±47.61^c	35.67±1.45^b	48.71±1.97^a	8 454.87±201.84^cd	-	-

处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number (10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Grain number	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	增产Ⅰ Yield increase Ⅰ (%)	增产Ⅱ Yield increase Ⅱ (%)
N₀	463.33±52.69^c	33.32±0.98^c	47.48±1.40^a	7 397.06±256.58^e	-	-
P₀	512.00±29.55^bc	33.21±1.34^c	47.29±1.51^a	7 746.68±156.44^de	-	-
NM₁	576.67±18.61^ab	37.22±0.39^b	48.67±0.66^a	9 632.34±284.42^b	13.93	3.61
NM₂	587.67±15.82^ab	38.06±1.13^b	49.47±1.07^a	9 981.14±532.22^b	18.05	7.36
NM₃	615.00±59.3^a	40.10±0.69^a	49.76±0.84^a	11 200.94±461.28^a	32.48	20.48
OPT	570.67±21.73^ab	36.96±1.13^b	47.88±1.00^a	9 296.84±269.76^bc	9.96	-
NF	495.33±47.61^c	35.67±1.45^b	48.71±1.97^a	8 454.87±201.84^cd	-	-

处理 Treatment	茎叶吸氮量 N uptake of stem and leaf	籽粒吸氮量 N uptake ofgrain	茎叶吸磷量 P uptake of stem and leaf	籽粒吸磷量 P uptake of grain	总吸氮量 Total N uptake	总吸磷量 Total P uptake
N₀	42.45±0.97^c	180.2±0.30^e	2.87±0.30^c	32.33±3.52^e	222.65±7.17^d	35.2±3.70^e
P₀	48.66±5.55^bc	235.89±1.18^d	3.78±1.18^ab	28.64±2.34^e	284.55±14.63^c	32.41±3.29^e
NM₁	52.12±1.89^ab	256.41±0.58^bc	4.14±0.58^ab	41.99±1.8^bc	308.53±6.37^b	46.13±1.26^bc
NM₂	52.38±2.35^ab	267.87±0.65^ab	4.43±0.65^ab	44.40±2.66^ab	320.24±8.97^ab	48.83±2.14^ab
NM₃	57.56±9.79^a	274.37±1.35^a	4.93±1.35^a	46.98±2.88^a	331.93±19.01^a	51.91±2.49^a
OPT	51.56±4.66^ab	254.73±0.35^bc	3.87±0.35^ab	39.95±0.84^cd	306.27±5.26^bc	43.82±0.92^cd
NF	51.34±4.83^ab	250.88±0.18^c	3.21±0.18^bc	36.53±0.71^d	302.23±12.52^bc	39.74±0.89^d

处理 Treatment	茎叶吸氮量 N uptake of stem and leaf	籽粒吸氮量 N uptake ofgrain	茎叶吸磷量 P uptake of stem and leaf	籽粒吸磷量 P uptake of grain	总吸氮量 Total N uptake	总吸磷量 Total P uptake
N₀	42.45±0.97^c	180.2±0.30^e	2.87±0.30^c	32.33±3.52^e	222.65±7.17^d	35.2±3.70^e
P₀	48.66±5.55^bc	235.89±1.18^d	3.78±1.18^ab	28.64±2.34^e	284.55±14.63^c	32.41±3.29^e
NM₁	52.12±1.89^ab	256.41±0.58^bc	4.14±0.58^ab	41.99±1.8^bc	308.53±6.37^b	46.13±1.26^bc
NM₂	52.38±2.35^ab	267.87±0.65^ab	4.43±0.65^ab	44.40±2.66^ab	320.24±8.97^ab	48.83±2.14^ab
NM₃	57.56±9.79^a	274.37±1.35^a	4.93±1.35^a	46.98±2.88^a	331.93±19.01^a	51.91±2.49^a
OPT	51.56±4.66^ab	254.73±0.35^bc	3.87±0.35^ab	39.95±0.84^cd	306.27±5.26^bc	43.82±0.92^cd
NF	51.34±4.83^ab	250.88±0.18^c	3.21±0.18^bc	36.53±0.71^d	302.23±12.52^bc	39.74±0.89^d

处理 Treatment	RE_N (%)	RE_p (%)	AE_N (kg/kg)	AE_P (kg/kg)	PFP_N (kg/kg)	PFP_P (kg/kg)
NM₁	35.78±2.66^b	17.45±1.6^bc	9.31±1.19^b	10.48±1.58^b	40.13±1.19^b	53.51±1.58^b
NM₂	40.66±3.74^ab	20.88±2.73^b	10.77±2.22^b	12.41±2.96^b	41.59±2.22^b	55.45±2.96^b
NM₃	45.53±7.92^a	24.80±3.16^a	15.85±1.92^a	19.19±2.56^a	46.67±1.92^a	62.23±2.56^a
OPT	34.85±2.19^bc	14.51±1.17^c	7.92±1.12^b	8.61±1.50^b	38.74±1.12^b	51.65±1.50^b
NF	26.52±4.17^c	9.32±1.14^d	3.52±0.67^c	3.93±1.12^c	28.18±0.67^c	46.97±1.12^c

有机无机配施对超晚播冬小麦产量、氮磷养分吸收利用及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizer on yield, nitrogen, phosphorus uptake and utilization, and soil fertility of the extremely-late winter sown wheat

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Metrics

土壤层次 Soil layer	处理 Treatment	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Fast-acting K (mg/kg)
0~20 cm	N₀	0.81±0.04^bc	13.93±1.86^bc	17.40±0.45^ab	473.30±35.35^a
	P₀	0.65±0.14^c	11.90±1.86^c	10.80±1.88^c	327.33±95.00^ab
	NM₁	0.85±0.09^b	16.54±1.32^ab	23.32±3.53^a	377.67±35.57^ab
	NM₂	1.08±0.11^a	17.55±2.23^a	23.91±3.05^a	369.67±41.63^ab
	NM₃	1.16±0.09^a	18.92±1.37^a	25.55±4.30^a	393±19.31^ab
	OPT	0.75±0.09^bc	12.58±0.46^bc	17.93±10.02^ab	348.67±49.32^ab
	NF	0.76±0.03^bc	12.55±0.81^bc	14.28±3.56^bc	335.33±47.16^ab
20~40 cm	N₀	0.63±0.01^c	10.58±0.65^ab	8.75±1.41^cd	415.00±35.16^a
	P₀	0.66±0.05^bc	9.38±2.41^b	6.30±1.62^d	335.00±50.51^b
	NM₁	0.71±0.02^ab	12.30±0.54^a	17.28±6.1^ab	300.67±38.19^b
	NM₂	0.74±0.03^a	12.58±0.33^a	18.91±2.21^a	309.67±24.50^b
	NM₃	0.76±0.05^a	12.82±1.30^a	17.97±1.57^ab	327.00±37.04^b
	OPT	0.52±0.03^d	9.28±1.38^b	8.98±2.21^cd	307.00±10.44^b
	NF	0.65±0.1^bc	11.3±1.98^ab	12.51±4.22^bc	326.00±28.83^b

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