不同施氮量对设施茄子产量、品质及养分积累的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.020

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4): 951-957.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.020

• 园艺特产·林业·设施农业 • 上一篇下一篇

不同施氮量对设施茄子产量、品质及养分积累的影响

王泽鹏¹(), 梁志国¹, 刘胜尧², 贾宋楠², 范凤翠²(), 张哲², 杜凤焕², 秦勇¹()

1.新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.河北省农林科学院农业信息与经济研究所,石家庄 050051

收稿日期:2022-08-05 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-05-06
通信作者: 秦勇(1962-),男,甘肃人,教授,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为蔬菜栽培与生理,(E-mail)352167610@qq.com;范凤翠(1971-),女,河北人,研究员,硕士生/博士生,研究方向为资源高效利用与蔬菜节水,(E-mail)njsffc@163.com
作者简介:王泽鹏(1994-),男,山西人,硕士研究生,研究方向为蔬菜栽培与生理,(E-mail)1119802932@qq.com
基金资助:
河北省农业高质量发展关键共性技术攻关专项“区域特色果菜作物管理模型构建与智能化关键技术应用与示范”(19227407D);河北省农业节水科技创新专项“城郊设施蔬菜节水增效技术集成与示范”(21326904D);河北省国际科技合作基地建设专项(19396433D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系蔬菜创新团队(HBCT2018030205)

Effects of different nitrogen application rates on the yield, quality and nutrient accumulation of greenhouse eggplant

WANG Zepeng¹(), LIANG Zhiguo¹, LIU Shengyao², JIA Songnan², FAN Fengcui²(), ZHANG Zhe², DU Fenghuan², QIN Yong¹()

1. College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China
2. Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China

Received:2022-08-05 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-05-06
Correspondence author: QIN Yong (1962-), male, from Gansu, professor, PhD/Master's supervisor, research direction is vegetable cultivation and physiology, (E-mail) 352167610@qq.com;FAN Fengcui(1971-), female, from Hebei, researcher, Ph.D., research direction is efficient use of resources and vegetable water saving, (E-mail) njsffc@163.com
Supported by:
Hebei Province Agricultural Water-saving Technology Innovation Special Project "Regional Featured Fruit and Vegetable Crop Management Model Construction and Intelligent Key Technology Application and Demonstration(19227407D);Hebei Province Agricultural Water-saving Technology Innovation Special Project "Water-saving and Increased Suburban Facility Vegetables" Integration and Demonstration of Effective Technology(21326904D);Special Funding Project for the Construction of Hebei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base(19396433D);Project of Vegetable Innovation Team of Hebei Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(HBCT2018030205)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同氮肥用量对日光温室茄子产量、品质以及养分积累的影响,为设施茄子精准施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以茄子品种茄杂2号作为材料,采用田间小区试验,设置4个施氮处理,以不施肥处理作为对照,测定不同施氮处理下茄子的产量、营养品质、干物质积累量以及养分积累量。【结果】茄子产量随着氮肥用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,适量的施氮量有助于提高茄子产量;试验F₃处理产量最高,为62 839 kg/hm²,比不施肥处理高36.05%。各施氮处理中,可溶性固形物、可溶性糖以及可溶性蛋白的含量均随着氮肥用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,并且均以F₃处理最高,分别为1.83%、52.59 mg/g、1.8 mg/g。VC含量是F₄处理最高,为7.44 mg/100g。各施氮处理的硝酸盐含量随施氮量的减少而降低,F₅处理最低,为654.56 mg/kg。茄子植株氮素、磷素、钾素的积累量均随着氮肥用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,均以F₃处理最高,分别为232.67、34.32和304.99 kg/hm²。【结论】合理氮肥用量不仅可以显著提高茄子产量,改善果实的营养品质,还可以增加植株的养分积累量。F₃处理(茄子苗期氮108 kg/hm²、磷49.2 kg/hm²、钾169.9 kg/hm²,结果期氮421.5 kg/hm²、磷174.9 kg/hm²、钾519.4 kg/hm²)是日光温室茄子适宜的施肥量,产量高且品质好,植株养分积累多。

关键词: 茄子; 施氮量; 产量; 品质; 养分积累

Abstract:

【Objective】To study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer rates on the yield, quality and nutrient accumulation of eggplant in greenhouses.【Methods】In this experiment, the eggplant variety Qieza 2 was used as the test object, and a field trial was used. Four nitrogen treatments were set up, and no fertilizer treatment was used as a control to determine the yield, nutritional quality and dry matter accumulation of eggplant under different nitrogen treatments in the hope of providng a theoretical basis for precise fertilization of eggplant in facility.【Results】The yield of eggplant showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate. Appropriate amount of nitrogen was helpful to increase eggplant yield; the F₃ treatment in this experiment had the highest yield, which was 62,839 kg/hm², 36.05% higher than the treatment without fertilization. In each nitrogen application treatment, the contents of soluble solids, soluble sugars and soluble proteins all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and the F₃ treatment’s contents were the highest, respectively 1.83%, 52.59 mg/g and 1.8 mg/g. Vitamin C content was the highest in F₄ treatment, which was 7.44 mg/100g. The nitrate content of each nitrogen application treatment decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application rate, and the F₅ treatment’s was the lowest, which was 654.56 mg/kg. The accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of eggplant plants showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application, and the F₃ treatment’s were the highest, which were 232.67 kg/hm², 34.32 kg/hm², and 304.99 kg/hm², respectively.【Conclusion】A scientific and reasonable amount of nitrogen fertilizer can not only significantly increase the yield of eggplant and improve the nutritional quality of the fruit, but also increase the nutrient accumulation of the plant. Under the experimental conditions, F₃ treatment (eggplant seedling stage nitrogen 108 kg/hm², phosphorus 49.2 kg/hm², potassium 176.7 kg/hm², result stage nitrogen 421.5 kg/hm², phosphorus 174.9 kg/hm², potassium 540.2 kg/hm²) is a kind of an eggplant which is suitable for facility eggplant fertilization, high yield, good quality, plant nutrient accumulation.

Key words: eggplant; nitrogen application rate; yield; quality; nutrient accumulation

中图分类号:

S641.1

王泽鹏, 梁志国, 刘胜尧, 贾宋楠, 范凤翠, 张哲, 杜凤焕, 秦勇. 不同施氮量对设施茄子产量、品质及养分积累的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(4): 951-957.

WANG Zepeng, LIANG Zhiguo, LIU Shengyao, JIA Songnan, FAN Fengcui, ZHANG Zhe, DU Fenghuan, QIN Yong. Effects of different nitrogen application rates on the yield, quality and nutrient accumulation of greenhouse eggplant[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(4): 951-957.

图/表 6

参考文献 21

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处理 Treatment	施肥量 Fertilization treatment(kg/hm²)
	苗期 Seedling period			结果期 Result period			总量 Total
	N	P	K	N	P	K	N	P	K
F₁	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
F₂	168.4	49.2	169.9	655.1	174.9	519.4	823.5	224.1	689.3
F₃	108	49.2	169.9	421.5	174.9	519.4	529.5	224.1	689.3
F₄	77.8	49.2	169.9	304.7	174.9	519.4	382.5	224.1	689.3
F₅	59.7	49.2	169.9	234.7	174.9	519.4	294.3	224.1	689.3

处理 Treatment	施肥量 Fertilization treatment(kg/hm²)
	苗期 Seedling period			结果期 Result period			总量 Total
	N	P	K	N	P	K	N	P	K
F₁	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
F₂	168.4	49.2	169.9	655.1	174.9	519.4	823.5	224.1	689.3
F₃	108	49.2	169.9	421.5	174.9	519.4	529.5	224.1	689.3
F₄	77.8	49.2	169.9	304.7	174.9	519.4	382.5	224.1	689.3
F₅	59.7	49.2	169.9	234.7	174.9	519.4	294.3	224.1	689.3

处理 Treatments	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (mg/g)	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg/g)	硝酸盐 Nitrate (mg/kg)	VC Vitamin C (mg/100g)
F₁	1.57^c	41.29^d	1.53^c	489.94^c	5.34^d
F₂	1.60^c	42.86^c	1.56^c	718.13^a	5.98^c
F₃	1.83^a	52.59^a	1.80^a	690.11^ab	7.28^ab
F₄	1.73^b	46.75^b	1.78^a	658.60^b	7.44^a
F₅	1.70^b	43.93^c	1.71^b	654.56^b	7.12^b

处理 Treatments	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (mg/g)	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg/g)	硝酸盐 Nitrate (mg/kg)	VC Vitamin C (mg/100g)
F₁	1.57^c	41.29^d	1.53^c	489.94^c	5.34^d
F₂	1.60^c	42.86^c	1.56^c	718.13^a	5.98^c
F₃	1.83^a	52.59^a	1.80^a	690.11^ab	7.28^ab
F₄	1.73^b	46.75^b	1.78^a	658.60^b	7.44^a
F₅	1.70^b	43.93^c	1.71^b	654.56^b	7.12^b

处理 Treatments	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	果 Fruit	总量 Total
F₁	1 153.51^b	1 703.48^b	4 159.68^d	7 016.68^d
F₂	1 572.99^a	2 371.94^a	4 476.01^c	8 420.72^c
F₃	1 551.43^a	2 355.71^a	5 941.41^a	9 848.56^a
F₄	1 494.75^a	2 301.69^a	5 412.12^b	9 208.56^b
F₅	1 479.41^a	2 261.68^a	5 327.64^b	9 068.73^b

不同施氮量对设施茄子产量、品质及养分积累的影响

Effects of different nitrogen application rates on the yield, quality and nutrient accumulation of greenhouse eggplant

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参考文献 21

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Metrics

元素 Element	处理 Treat ments	茎积累量 Stem uptake (kg/hm²)	叶积累量 Leaf uptake (kg/hm²)	果积累量 Fruit uptake (kg/hm²)	全株积累量 Total pant uptake (kg/hm²)	肥料利用率 Utilization rate (%)
	F₁	12.76^c	28.29^c	82.68^e	123.74^e	-
	F₂	27.60^a	42.47^a	92.18^d	162.26^d	4.68^c
N	F₃	26.42^a	40.58^ab	153.46^a	220.46^a	17.80^b
	F₄	23.65^b	38.40^b	136.18^b	198.22^b	20.01^ab
	F₅	22.90^b	38.03^b	126.38^c	187.32^c	21.60^a
	F₁	4.82^c	6.45^c	10.27^d	21.54^d	-
	F₂	9.80^a	10.06^a	11.59^c	31.46^c	4.42^b
P	F₃	8.81^b	9.76^ab	18.25^a	36.83^a	6.82^a
	F₄	8.58^b	9.03^ab	16.11^b	33.72^b	5.19^b
	F₅	8.08^b	8.74^b	15.03^b	31.84^bc	4.60^b
	F₁	45.83^c	70.53^c	119.99^d	236.35^c	-
	F₂	85.67^a	114.11^a	144.76^c	344.53^b	15.70^b
K	F₃	80.97^ab	110.95^ab	214.93^a	406.85^a	23.78^a
	F₄	75.01^ab	106.81^ab	182.90^b	364.72^b	18.62^b
	F₅	72.58^b	104.32^b	178.60^b	355.51^b	17.29^b

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