水肥耦合对库尔勒香梨生长、果实品质及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.009

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 335-342.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.009

水肥耦合对库尔勒香梨生长、果实品质及产量的影响

李天乐¹(), 白新禄¹, 安世杰¹^,², 郑强卿², 汤智辉³, 支金虎¹()

1.塔里木大学农学院/塔里木大学南疆绿洲农业资源与环境研究中心/兵团环塔里木生态农业协同创新中心,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.新疆农垦科学院林园研究所,新疆石河子 832000
3.新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2024-08-02 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-04-17
通信作者: 支金虎(1978-),男,甘肃张掖人,教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为植物营养与环境,(E-mail)zjhzky@163.com
作者简介:李天乐(2000-),男,新疆库尔勒人,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物营养与环境,(E-mail)742001414@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团重大科技计划项目(2021AA005);塔里木大学校长基金创新团队项目(TDZKCX202301);塔里木大学研究生科研创新项目(TDGRI202221)

Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on the growth, fruit quality and yield of Korla Fragrant Pear

LI Tianle¹(), BAI Xinlu¹, AN Shijie¹^,², ZHENG Qiangqing², TANG Zhihui³, ZHI Jinhu¹()

1. College of Agriculture, Tarim University/Research Center of Oasis Agricultural Resources and Environment in Southern Xinjiang, Tarim University/Tarim Ecological Agriculture Collaborative Innovation Center of XPCC,Aral Xinjiang 843300,China
2. Institute of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China
3. Institute of Mechanical Equipment, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China

Received:2024-08-02 Published:2025-02-20 Online:2025-04-17
Supported by:
Scientific R & D Program Project of XPCC(2021AA005);President's Fund Innovation Team Project of Tarim University(TDZKCX202301);Graduate Research and Innovation Project of Tarim University(TDGRI202221)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究库尔勒香梨生长和果实的形成对水、氮、磷、钾的响应,为库尔勒香梨提质增产提供理论依据。【方法】以库尔勒香梨为试验对象,设置水、氮、磷、钾4个因素,其中水设2个水平;氮、磷、钾各设3个水平,即水(2 400、3 600 kg/hm²)、氮(150、300和450 kg/hm²)、磷(112.5、225和337.5 kg/hm²)、钾(55、110和165 kg/hm²),测定梨树生长量、果实品质和产量。【结果】(1)处理W₁N₂P₃K₁枝条生长量最高,处理W₂N₃P₂K₁枝条直径最大。处理W₂N₂P₂K₁对于枝条生长量表现最佳,枝条直径结果与实际测量一致。(2)处理W₁N₂P₃K₁果形生长趋势最接近拟合生长曲线,R²最接近1,最符合生长规律。(3)处理W₁N₁P₂K₃得分排名最高,果实品质表现最佳。(4)处理W₁N₃P₃K₃库尔勒香梨产量最高且单果重表现相对较优。【结论】综合梨树生长、果实品质及实际产量,优选出W₁N₃P₃K₃处理下库尔勒香梨生长、果实品质及产量表现较优。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨; 水肥耦合; 生长; 果实品质; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】To study the response of growth and fruit formation to water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of Korla fragrant pear in the hope of providing theoretical.【Methods】Basis for improving quality and increasing yield of Korla fragrant pear. Four factors of water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were set in the test, among which, two levels of water were set. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were set at three levels, namely water (2,400 kg/hm²; 3,600 kg/hm²), nitrogen (150 kg/hm²; 300 kg/hm²; 450 kg/hm²), Phosphorus (1,12.5 kg/hm²; 225 kg/hm²; 337.5 kg/hm²), potassium (55 kg/hm²; 110 kg/hm²; 165 kg/hm²) to determine the growth, fruit quality and yield of pear trees. 【Results】(1) The growth amount of W₁N₂P₃K₁ branch was the highest, and the diameter of W₂N₃P₂K₁ branch was the largest. The range analysis of branch growth dynamics of Korla Fragrant Pear showed that W₂N₂P₂K₁ had the best effect on branch growth, and the results of branch diameter were consistent with the actual measurement. (2) It was seen that the growth trend of W₁N₂P₃K₁ fruit shape was closest to the fitting growth curve, R² was closest to 1, which was most consistent with the growth law. (3) W₁N₁P₂K₃ treatment ranked the highest, with the best fruit quality performance. (4) Its yield under W₁N₃P₃K₃ was the highest and the fruit weight of Korla fragrant pear was relatively good. 【Conclusion】Considering pear tree growth, fruit quality and actual yield, the growth, fruit quality and yield of Korla Fragrant Pear treated with W₁N₃P₃K₃ are better.

Key words: Korla Fragrant Pear; water and fertilizer coupling; grow; fruit quality; yield

中图分类号:

S661.2

李天乐, 白新禄, 安世杰, 郑强卿, 汤智辉, 支金虎. 水肥耦合对库尔勒香梨生长、果实品质及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(2): 335-342.

LI Tianle, BAI Xinlu, AN Shijie, ZHENG Qiangqing, TANG Zhihui, ZHI Jinhu. Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on the growth, fruit quality and yield of Korla Fragrant Pear[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(2): 335-342.

图/表 11

参考文献 17

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次数	23	26
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指标 Indexes	土层深度 Soil depth (cm)
指标 Indexes	0~20	20~40	40~60	60~80
pH值pH value	7.559	7.576	7.615	7.628
电导率 Conductivity(μS/cm)	785	669	870	1 205
总盐 Total salt(g/kg)	4.825	4.25	4.2	6.25
速效钾 Quick-acting potassium(mg/kg)	261	257	275	245
速效磷 Fast-acting phosphorus(mg/kg)	25.1	11.13	6.61	3.96
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen(mg/kg)	16.8	19.64	24.33	15.38
铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (mg/kg)	9.91	9.77	8.24	7.67

指标 Indexes	土层深度 Soil depth (cm)
指标 Indexes	0~20	20~40	40~60	60~80
pH值pH value	7.559	7.576	7.615	7.628
电导率 Conductivity(μS/cm)	785	669	870	1 205
总盐 Total salt(g/kg)	4.825	4.25	4.2	6.25
速效钾 Quick-acting potassium(mg/kg)	261	257	275	245
速效磷 Fast-acting phosphorus(mg/kg)	25.1	11.13	6.61	3.96
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen(mg/kg)	16.8	19.64	24.33	15.38
铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (mg/kg)	9.91	9.77	8.24	7.67

处理 Treatments	W	N	P	K
T₁	1	1	1	1
T₂	1	2	2	2
T₃	1	1	2	3
T₄	1	3	3	3
T₅	1	3	1	2
T₆	1	2	3	1
T₇	2	2	1	3
T₈	2	1	3	2
T₉	2	3	2	1

处理 Treatments	W	N	P	K
T₁	1	1	1	1
T₂	1	2	2	2
T₃	1	1	2	3
T₄	1	3	3	3
T₅	1	3	1	2
T₆	1	2	3	1
T₇	2	2	1	3
T₈	2	1	3	2
T₉	2	3	2	1

处理 Treatments	果实硬度 Fruit hardness (kgf)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (%)	可滴定酸 Titrable acid (%)	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid (%)	VC Vitamin C (mg/100g)	石细胞含量 Stone cell content (%)
T₁	5.66±0.28^b	5.41±0.12^b	0.13±0.005 4^b	12±0.38^ab	5.53±0.11^a	0.62±0.002^c
T₂	5.52±0.45^b	3.36±0.15^c	0.066 9±0.018 5^cd	12.53±0.28^a	2.92±0.35^b	0.54±0.017^d
T₃	7.17±0.5^a	5.13±0.23^b	0.1724±0.003^a	12.23±0.35^a	3.12±0.7^b	1.16±0.035^a
T₄	4.56±0.32^b	7.55±1.08^a	0.081 4±0.020 7^cd	11.33±0.23^abc	4.85±0.32^a	0.64±0.002^c
T₅	5.81±0.38^ab	5.71±0.19^b	0.099 8±0.028 6^bc	11.43±0.18^abc	3.56±0.57^b	0.06±0.002^g
T₆	4.84±0.41^b	5.47±0.2^b	0.042 9±0.004 4^d	10.53±0.69^bc	2.68±0.18^b	0.29±0.023^e
T₇	4.33±0.49^b	5.56±0.05^b	0.069 1±0.007 4^cd	11.23±0.67^abc	2.52±0.42^b	0.83±0.029^b
T₈	5.81±0.66^ab	5.65±0.13^b	0.046 8±0.002 8^d	11.2±0.61^abc	3.16±0.21^b	0.29±0.023^e
T₉	4.69±0.59^b	5.44±0.11^b	0.047 9±0.00 1^d	10.3±0.78^c	2.39±0.38^b	0.17±0.023^f

水肥耦合对库尔勒香梨生长、果实品质及产量的影响

Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on the growth, fruit quality and yield of Korla Fragrant Pear

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图/表 11

参考文献 17

相关文章 15

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Metrics

因子 Factors	主成分 Principal component
因子 Factors	F₁	F₂
X₁	0.460	-0.190
X₂	-0.159	0.722
X₃	0.526	0.177
X₄	0.511	-0.123
X₅	0.231	0.627
X₆	0.415	0.065
特征值 Eigenvalue	2.955	1.531
方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate(%)	49.915	25.522
累计方差贡献率 Cumulative variance contribution(%)	49.915	75.437

处理 Treatments	F₁	F₂	F	排名 Ranking
T₁	1.693	1.233	1.160	2
T₂	0.883	-2.009	-0.072	5
T₃	3.330	-0.446	1.548	1
T₄	-0.374	2.447	0.438	3
T₅	-0.123	0.131	-0.028	4
T₆	-1.814	-0.376	-1.001	8
T₇	-0.682	-0.211	-0.394	6
T₈	-0.723	-0.277	-0.432	7
T₉	-2.190	-0.491	-1.218	9

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水平 Level	W (kg/hm²⁾	N (kg/hm²)	P (kg/hm²)	K (kg/hm²)
1	2 400	150	112.5	55
2	3 600	300	225	110
3		450	337.5	165

水平 Level	W (kg/hm²⁾	N (kg/hm²)	P (kg/hm²)	K (kg/hm²)
1	2 400	150	112.5	55
2	3 600	300	225	110
3		450	337.5	165