不同施磷方式对干播湿出冬小麦光合生理特性及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 29-36.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.004

• 新疆主要粮食作物绿色丰产提质增效专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

不同施磷方式对干播湿出冬小麦光合生理特性及产量的影响

张妍婷¹^,²(), 张永强²^,³(), 雷钧杰²^,³, 陈慧¹^,², 陈传信²^,³, 徐其江²^,³, 聂石辉²^,³, 徐文修¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-08-14 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-03-11
通信作者: 徐文修(1962-),女,河北蠡县人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为农作制度与农业生态,(E-mail)xjxwx@sina.com；
张永强(1988-),男,河南平舆人,副研究员,硕士,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)zyq988@yeah.net
作者简介:张妍婷(2000-),女,甘肃静宁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)1069655172@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002-1);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02001-3);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02015-1);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02015-2);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划(2023TSYCCX0013);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划(2023TSYCLJ0009);国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-03-88);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系项目(XJARS-01-06);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系项目(XJARS-01-19);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2023D01D10);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新稳定支持专项(xjnkywdzc-2024002-08);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新稳定支持专项(xjnkywdzc-2023005-pt1)

Effects of different phosphorus application modes on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield of Dry-Seeded and Wet-Emerged winter wheat

ZHANG Yanting¹^,²(), ZHANG Yongqiang²^,³(), LEI Junjie²^,³, CHEN Hui¹^,², CHEN Chuanxin²^,³, XU Qijiang²^,³, NIE Shihui²^,³, XU Wenxiu¹()

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,MARA,Urumqi 830091,China
3. Research Insititute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2024-08-14 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2025-03-11
Supported by:
Key Research and Development Project Topics of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021B02002-1);Key Research and Development Project Topics of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02001-3);Key Research and Development Project Topics of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02015-1);Key Research and Development Project Topics of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02015-2);"Tianshan Talent" Cultivation Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023TSYCCX0013);"Tianshan Talent" Cultivation Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023TSYCLJ0009);National Wheat Industrial Technology System(CARS-03-88);Wheat Industrial Technology System Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJARS-01-06);Wheat Industrial Technology System Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJARS-01-19);Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023D01D10);Special Project for Stable Support of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnkywdzc-2024002-08);Special Project for Stable Support of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnkywdzc-2023005-pt1)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究不同磷肥施用方式对干播湿出小麦光合特性、叶绿素荧光及产量的影响,筛选干播湿出模式下滴灌小麦磷肥施用方式。【方法】 在大田试验条件下,以新冬22号为材料,采用双因素裂区试验设计,主区设置造墒播种(F)和干播湿出(D)2种出苗水方式;副区在总施磷量一致条件下设置3种磷肥施用方式,100%基施(P₁)、70%基施+30%滴施(P₂)、50%基施+50%滴施(P₃),分析不同施磷方式对干播湿出小麦光合特性、叶绿素荧光及产量的影响。【结果】 磷肥后移显著增加了小麦的叶片SPAD值和LAI,分别提高0.88%~7.63%和7.25%~49.38%。在小麦光合特性中,各指标均随生育时期的推进呈下降趋势,其中DP₃处理表现最佳,P_n、T_r和G_s在开花期分别为25.59μmol/(m²·s)、18.21mmol/(m²·s)和0.73mmol/(m²·s),C_i最低为324.88μmol/mol,且处理间差异显著。磷肥后移有效提高了穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,分别较FP₁处理提高了1.36%~18.43%、0.59%~4.06%和0.77%~7.21%。籽粒产量表现为DP₃>DP₂>FP₃>FP₂>DP₁>FP₁,与FP₁相比,各处理增产幅度均在4.5%以上。【结论】 DP₃处理(50%基施+50%追施)冬小麦光合有促进作用,产量及产量构成因素表现最佳,有利于磷肥高效利用。

关键词: 干播湿出; 滴灌小麦; 施磷方式; 光合生理; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application methods on the photosynthesis characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of dry-seeded wet-irrigated winter wheat, and to provide theoretical basis for phosphorus fertilizer application methods in dry-seeded wet-irrigated mode under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 Under field test conditions, Xindong 22 was used as experimental material, and a two-factor split plot experiment design was adopted. Two kinds of seedling emergence water methods were set up in the main plot: sowing (F) and dry sowing (D). Under the condition of the same total phosphorus application amount, three phosphorus application methods were set up in the secondary district, 100% base application (P₁), 70% base application +30% drop application (P₂), 50% base application +50% drop application (P₃), and the effects of different phosphorus application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of wet wheat were analyzed. 【Results】 Phosphorus fertilizer postpone significantly increased leaf SPAD value and LAI of wheat by 0.88%-7.63% and 7.25%-49.38%, respectively. In the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat, all indexes showed a downward trend with the growth period, among which DP₃ treatment showed the best performance, Pn, Tr and Gs were 25.59μmol/ (m²·s), 18.21 mmol/ (m²·s) and 0.73 mmol/ (m²·s) at flowering stage, respectively. The lowest Ci was 324.88μmol/mol, and the difference between treatments was significant. The number of panes, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were increased by 1.36%-18.43%、0.59%-4.06% and 0.77%-7.21%, respectively, compared with FP₁ treatment. The grain yield was DP₃>DP₂>FP₃>FP₂>DP₁>FP₁. Compared with FP₁, the yield increase of each treatment was more than 4.5%. 【Conclusion】 DP₃ treatment (50% base application +50% topdressing) can promote photosynthesis of winter wheat under the experimental conditions, and the yield and yield components have the best performance.

Key words: dry sowing wet out; drip irrigated wheat; method of phosphorus applied; photosynthetic characteristics; yield

中图分类号:

S512.1

张妍婷, 张永强, 雷钧杰, 陈慧, 陈传信, 徐其江, 聂石辉, 徐文修. 不同施磷方式对干播湿出冬小麦光合生理特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 29-36.

ZHANG Yanting, ZHANG Yongqiang, LEI Junjie, CHEN Hui, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, XU Wenxiu. Effects of different phosphorus application modes on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield of Dry-Seeded and Wet-Emerged winter wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 29-36.

图/表 5

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处理 Treatments		生育时期(Growth periods)
		开花期(5月22日) Flowering period(May 22nd)		灌浆期(6月5日) Pustulation period(June 5th)
		F_v/F_m	F_o/F_m	Fv/F_m	F_o/F_m
D	P₁	0.829±0.01^bc	0.161±0.01^b	0.771±0.03^a	0.185±0.02^a
	P₂	0.838±0.01^ab	0.165±0.01^ab	0.787±0.03^a	0.190±0.02^a
	P₃	0.847±0.002^a	0.178±0.01^a	0.799±0.05^a	0.201±0.03^a
F	P₁	0.820±0.01^c	0.164±0.01^b	0.764±0.03^a	0.169±0.02^a
	P₂	0.830±0.01^bc	0.166±0.01^ab	0.761±0.06^a	0.173±0.01^a
	P₃	0.832±0.01^abc	0.164±0.01^b	0.771±0.04^a	0.195±0.05^a
F值 F value	D	7.59^*	0.89	1.63	1.49
	F	5.64^*	2.58	0.41	1.39
	D×F	0.35	2.58	0.17	0.10

处理 Treatments		生育时期(Growth periods)
		开花期(5月22日) Flowering period(May 22nd)		灌浆期(6月5日) Pustulation period(June 5th)
		F_v/F_m	F_o/F_m	Fv/F_m	F_o/F_m
D	P₁	0.829±0.01^bc	0.161±0.01^b	0.771±0.03^a	0.185±0.02^a
	P₂	0.838±0.01^ab	0.165±0.01^ab	0.787±0.03^a	0.190±0.02^a
	P₃	0.847±0.002^a	0.178±0.01^a	0.799±0.05^a	0.201±0.03^a
F	P₁	0.820±0.01^c	0.164±0.01^b	0.764±0.03^a	0.169±0.02^a
	P₂	0.830±0.01^bc	0.166±0.01^ab	0.761±0.06^a	0.173±0.01^a
	P₃	0.832±0.01^abc	0.164±0.01^b	0.771±0.04^a	0.195±0.05^a
F值 F value	D	7.59^*	0.89	1.63	1.49
	F	5.64^*	2.58	0.41	1.39
	D×F	0.35	2.58	0.17	0.10

处理 Treatments		有效穗数 Number of Effective spikes (×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Kernelsper spike (粒/穗)	千粒重 1000-grain Weigh (g)	产量 Grain yield (kg/hm²)
D	P₁	572.00±18.46^d	32.83±0.49^b	39.16±0.58^bc	6 354.96±170.46^c
	P₂	647.67±12.26^b	34.94±0.56^a	40.26±0.34^b	7 671.94±120.09^b
	P₃	668.33±21.67^a	35.11±0.10^a	41.66±0.25^a	8 032.39±132.82^a
F	P₁	564.33±13.42^d	33.74±1.23^ab	38.86±0.76^c	6 277.82±189.56^c
	P₂	611.67±12.26^c	33.94±0.30^ab	39.50±0.35^bc	6 514.35±94.73^c
	P₃	602.33±7.41^c	34.33±0.37^ab	39.33±0.34^bc	7 474.39±125.07^b
F值 F value	D	87.08^**	0.62	15.04^**	52.04^**
	F	120.57^**	5.79^**	8.78^**	100.54^**
	D×F	18.48^**	2.74	4.46^*	14.24^**

处理 Treatments		有效穗数 Number of Effective spikes (×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Kernelsper spike (粒/穗)	千粒重 1000-grain Weigh (g)	产量 Grain yield (kg/hm²)
D	P₁	572.00±18.46^d	32.83±0.49^b	39.16±0.58^bc	6 354.96±170.46^c
	P₂	647.67±12.26^b	34.94±0.56^a	40.26±0.34^b	7 671.94±120.09^b
	P₃	668.33±21.67^a	35.11±0.10^a	41.66±0.25^a	8 032.39±132.82^a
F	P₁	564.33±13.42^d	33.74±1.23^ab	38.86±0.76^c	6 277.82±189.56^c
	P₂	611.67±12.26^c	33.94±0.30^ab	39.50±0.35^bc	6 514.35±94.73^c
	P₃	602.33±7.41^c	34.33±0.37^ab	39.33±0.34^bc	7 474.39±125.07^b
F值 F value	D	87.08^**	0.62	15.04^**	52.04^**
	F	120.57^**	5.79^**	8.78^**	100.54^**
	D×F	18.48^**	2.74	4.46^*	14.24^**

不同施磷方式对干播湿出冬小麦光合生理特性及产量的影响

Effects of different phosphorus application modes on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield of Dry-Seeded and Wet-Emerged winter wheat

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