不同类型尿素及施用方式对滴灌冬小麦产量形成和氮肥利用效率的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.007

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 53-59.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.007

• 新疆主要粮食作物绿色丰产提质增效专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

不同类型尿素及施用方式对滴灌冬小麦产量形成和氮肥利用效率的影响

李杰¹^,²(), 徐其江²^,³, 张永强²^,³(), 徐文修¹(), 吕晓庆⁴, 陈传信²^,³, 聂石辉²^,³, 雷钧杰²^,³

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
4.玛纳斯县农业技术推广中心,新疆玛纳斯 832200

收稿日期:2024-07-20 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-03-11
通信作者: 张永强(1988-),男,河南平舆人,副研究员,硕士,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培生理,(E-mail)zyq988@yeah.net；
徐文修(1962-),女,河北蠡县人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为农作制度与农业生态,(E-mail)xjxwx@sina.com
作者简介:李杰(2000-),男,新疆哈密人,硕士研究生,研究方向为小麦高产栽培生理,(E-mail)leejie512@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002-1);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02001-3);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”人才培养计划(2023TSYCCX0013);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”人才培养计划(2023TSYCLJ0009);国家自然科学基金项目(31960379);国家自然科学基金项目(51879267);国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-03-88);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系项目(XJARS-01-06);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系项目(XJARS-01-19)

Effects of different urea and application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation

LI Jie¹^,²(), XU Qijiang²^,³, ZHANG Yongqiang²^,³(), XU Wenxiu¹(), LYU Xiaoqing⁴, CHEN Chuanxin²^,³, NIE Shihui²^,³, LEI Junjie²^,³

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,MOARA,Urumqi 830091,China
3. Research Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830091,China
4. Manas Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Manas Xinjiang 832200,China

Received:2024-07-20 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2025-03-11
Supported by:
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key R&D Program Projects(2021B02002-1);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key R&D Program Projects(2022B02001-3);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Tianshan Talent" Training Program(2023TSYCCX0013);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Tianshan Talent" Training Program(2023TSYCLJ0009);Natural Science Foundation of China project(31960379);Natural Science Foundation of China project(51879267);Earmarked Fund of CARS(CARS-03-88);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region wheat industry technology system project(XJARS-01-06);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region wheat industry technology system project(XJARS-01-19)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 探究不同尿素及施用方式对滴灌冬小麦光合特性、干物质生产、产量及氮肥利用效率的影响。【方法】 于2021~2022年在大田滴灌条件下,设置不施尿素(F₀)、普通尿素(F₁)、腐殖酸尿素(F₂)、控释尿素一次基施(F₃)、控释尿素分次施用(F₄)共5个处理,研究不同处理滴灌冬小麦产量形成和氮肥利用效率的变化规律。【结果】 F₄处理的冬小麦叶片SPAD值在各测定期均表现为最高,且在拔节期、开花期和灌浆期的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)亦均高于其它处理,其细胞间CO₂浓度则最低。各处理在开花期和灌浆期单株干物质积累量均呈F₄>F₂>F₃>F₁>F₀的变化规律。不同处理滴灌产量以F₄处理最高,为9 210.95 kg/hm²,分别较F₀、F₁、F₂、F₃处理产量提高了21.64%、12.52%、8.12%和6.52%;F₄ 处理下冬小麦的氮肥农学利用率(7.28 kg /kg)、氮肥偏生产力(40.93 kg/kg)均最大。【结论】 控释尿素分次施用F₄处理冬小麦叶片各项光合指标表现较好,籽粒产量较高。

关键词: 尿素; 冬小麦; 光合特性; 产量; 氮肥利用效率

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different urea and application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter production, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Methods】 From 2021 to 2022, under the conditions of drip irrigation in the field, five treatments were set up: no urea (F₀), ordinary urea (F₁), humate urea (F₂), controlled release urea single base application (F₃) and controlled release urea fractional application (F₄). The changes of yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under different drip irrigation treatments were studied. 【Results】 The results showed that in the test period, the SPAD value of winter wheat leaves under F₄ treatment was the highest, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were also higher than those under other treatments, while the intercellular CO₂ concentration was the lowest. Dry matter accumulation per plant of each treatment was F₄>F₂>F₃>F₁>F₀ at flowering stage and filling stage. The highest yield of drip irrigation under different treatments was 9,210.95 kg/hm² under F₄ treatment, which was 21.64%, 12.52%, 6.87% and 7.77% higher than that under F₀, F₁, F₂ and F₃ treatments, respectively. The maximum nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate (11.29 kg /kg) and nitrogen partial productivity (40.71 kg /kg) of winter wheat were obtained under F₄ treatment. 【Conclusion】 The comprehensive analysis shows that under the experimental conditions, controlled release urea fractional application F₄ treatment of winter wheat leaves has better photosynthetic indexes and higher grain yield.

Key words: urea; winter wheat; photosynthetic characteristics; yield; nitrogen use efficiency

中图分类号:

S512

李杰, 徐其江, 张永强, 徐文修, 吕晓庆, 陈传信, 聂石辉, 雷钧杰. 不同类型尿素及施用方式对滴灌冬小麦产量形成和氮肥利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 53-59.

LI Jie, XU Qijiang, ZHANG Yongqiang, XU Wenxiu, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, LEI Junjie. Effects of different urea and application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 53-59.

图/表 5

表1 不同处理的施肥时期及比例

Tab.1 Fertilizer application periods and rates for different treatments

处理 Treatments	施肥时期及比例 Fertilization period and proportion
处理 Treatments	基肥 Base fertilizer (%)	拔节期 Elongation stage (%)	孕穗期 Booting stage (%)
F₀	0	0	0
F₁	40	40	20
F₂	40	40	20
F₃	100	0	0
F₄	40	40	20

图1 不同处理下滴灌冬小麦拔节期至灌浆期旗叶SPAD值的变化注:JS:拔节期;BS:孕穗期;AS:开花期;GS:灌浆期。图柱上的不同字母表示同一时期不同处理间差异在0.05水平显著,下同

Fig.1 Changes of SPAD values of flag leaves of winter wheat under drip irrigation under different treatments from jointing stage to filling stage Notes:JS: jointing stage; BS: gestational stage; AS: flowering stage; GS: Grouting stage.The different letters on the bars indicate that the difference between different treatments over the same period is significant at the level of 0.05,the same as below

图2 不同处理下滴灌冬小麦拔节期至灌浆期叶片光合特性的变化

Fig.2 Changes of leaf photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat under drip irrigation under different treatments from jointing stage to filling stage

图3 不同处理下滴灌冬小麦开花期、灌浆期单株干物质积累的变化

Fig.3 Changes of dry matter accumulation per plant at flowering and filling stage of winter wheat under drip irrigation under different treatments

表2 不同处理下滴灌冬小麦产量及氮肥利用效率的变化

Tab.2 Changes in yield and nitrogen use efficiency of drip irrigated winter wheat under different treatments

处理 Treatments	有效穗数 Number of productive ear (10⁴穗/hm²)	穗粒数 Number of kernels per spike (粒/穗)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	氮肥农学利用率 Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (kg/kg)	氮肥偏生产力 Partial factor productivity of nitrogen (kg/kg)
F₀	718.14^c	27.34^c	33.71^c	7 572.33^c	-	-
F₁	740.06^c	35.89^b	34.24^bc	8 185.91^bc	2.72^c	36.38^c
F₂	767.27^ab	37.51^ab	35.89^ab	8 519.03^b	4.21^b	37.86^bc
F₃	750.26^ac	36.60^ab	35.44^ab	8 646.84^ab	4.78^b	38.43^ab
F₄	784.28^a	38.66^a	36.63^a	9 210.95^a	7.28^a	40.93^a

参考文献 21

[1]	杨召武, 王辉, 张俊鹏, 等. 不同氮肥水平对冬小麦产量及养分利用的影响[J]. 陕西农业科学, 2022, 68(12): 17-21.
	YANG Zhaowu, WANG Hui, ZHANG Junpeng, et al. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on yield and nutrient utilization in winter wheat[J]. Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 68(12): 17-21.
[2]	王雪, 谷淑波, 林祥, 等. 微喷补灌水肥一体化对冬小麦产量及水分和氮素利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(3): 784-794. DOI
	WANG Xue, GU Shubo, LIN Xiang, et al. Effects of supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses and water and fertilizer integration on yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(3): 784-794. DOI
[3]	梁伟琴, 贾莉, 郭黎明, 等. 水氮耦合对春小麦干物质累积与植株氮素转运的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2022, (4): 242-248.
	LIANG Weiqin, JIA Li, GUO Liming, et al. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation and nitrogen transport of spring wheat[J]. Crops, 2022, (4): 242-248.
[4]	于国宜, 孔令聪, 张亮, 等. 不同新型肥料对小麦光合特性、冠层结构及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2022, (4): 193-198.
	YU Guoyi, KONG Lingcong, ZHANG Liang, et al. Effects of different new type fertilizers on wheat photosynthetic characteristics, canopy structure and yield[J]. Crops, 2022, (4): 193-198.
[5]	张明伟, 马泉, 陈京都, 等. 缓控释肥在冬小麦上的应用研究进展及展望[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2022, 50(2): 15-21.
	ZHANG Mingwei, MA Quan, CHEN Jingdu, et al. Research progress and prospect of slow and controlled release fertilizer application in winter wheat[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 50(2): 15-21.
[6]	邢素丽, 李孝兰, 杨军芳, 等. 新型尿素对小麦产量和氮肥利用率的应用效果研究[J]. 河北农业科学, 2017, 21(6): 40-43.
	XING Suli, LI Xiaolan, YANG Junfang, et al. Effects of new types of urea on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat[J]. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 21(6): 40-43.
[7]	马瑞萍, 梁熠, 于祥. 缓/控释氮肥输入对玉米生长、氮素利用及环境效应的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2022, 63(9): 1968-1974, 1981. DOI
	MA Ruiping, LIANG Yi, YU Xiang. Effect of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on maize growth, nitrogen utilization and environmental effects[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 63(9): 1968-1974, 1981.
[8]	杨修一, 田晓飞, 张娟, 等. 控释氮肥在棉花上的应用研究进展[J]. 棉花学报, 2015, 27(5): 481-488. DOI
	YANG Xiuyi, TIAN Xiaofei, ZHANG Juan, et al. Research advances in the application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer in cotton production[J]. Cotton Science, 2015, 27(5): 481-488.
[9]	陈雪青, 郭晓彦, 吕玉虎, 等. 新型尿素对小麦的增产效果和养分利用率影响研究[J]. 种业导刊, 2018, (12): 20-22.
	CHEN Xueqing, GUO Xiaoyan, LYU Yuhu, et al. Stimulation effects and nutrients utilization of application of new urea[J]. Journal of Seed Industry Guide, 2018, (12): 20-22.
[10]	刘盛林, 董晓霞, 孙泽强, 等. 尿素中添加腐殖酸提升冬小麦产量和氮吸收效率[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(14): 16-21. DOI
	LIU Shenglin, DONG Xiaoxia, SUN Zeqiang, et al. Humic acid added in urea improves yield and nitrogen uptake of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(14): 16-21. DOI
[11]	田露, 苏文斌, 郭晓霞, 等. 氮肥基追比例对苏打盐碱化地甜菜光合、产量及含糖量的调控效应[J/OL]. 植物营养与肥料学报: 1-15.
	TIAN Lu, SU Wenbin, GUO Xiaoxia, et al. Regulatory effect of nitrogen base chasing ratio on photosynthesis, yield and sugar content of sugar beet in soda salinization[J/OL]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer:1-15.
[12]	于浩东, 初振宇, 汪顺源, 等. 不同控释氮素比例对夏玉米叶片衰老和籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(18): 3511-3529. DOI
	YU Haodong, CHU Zhenyu, WANG Shunyuan, et al. Effects of different controlled nitrogen ratios on leaf senescence and grain filling characteristics of summer maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(18): 3511-3529. DOI
[13]	张建军, 党翼, 樊廷录, 等. 控释尿素基施及普通尿素分期施对旱地冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2014, 28(5): 912-918. DOI
	ZHANG Jianjun, DANG Yi, FAN Tinglu, et al. Effect on growth and development, yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat through controlled-release urea base and common urea with split application in Loess Plateau east of Gansu[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 28(5): 912-918. DOI
[14]	张晨阳, 张富仓, 郭金金, 等. 缓释氮肥与尿素掺施比例对冬小麦产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(4): 669-680.
	ZHANG Chenyang, ZHANG Fucang, GUO Jinjin, et al. Effects of blending ratios of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea on yield and nitrogen uptake of winter wheat[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(4): 669-680.
[15]	刘仲阳, 崔秀敏, 史桂芳, 等. 不同类型控释氮肥对冬小麦群体结构、产量和氮效率的影响[J]. 山东农业科学, 2022, 54(5): 104-109.
	LIU Zhongyang, CUI Xiumin, SHI Guifang, et al. Effects of different types of controlled-release N fertilizers on population structure, yield and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 54(5): 104-109.
[16]	李磊, 安浩军, 岳茂武, 等. 控失肥与普通复合肥对小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2017, 33(24): 1-6. DOI
	LI Lei, AN Haojun, YUE Maowu, et al. Effects of loss control and normal compound fertilizers on growth and development and yield of wheat[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2017, 33(24): 1-6. DOI
[17]	哈丽哈什·依巴提, 张炎, 李青军. 新型尿素对加工番茄的产量和氮素利用率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(2): 278-286. DOI
	Halihashi Yibati, ZHANG Yan, LI Qingjun. The effect of new-type urea on yield and nitrogen utilization of processing tomato[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(2): 278-286. DOI
[18]	张爱华, 张钦, 杨爽, 等. 新型尿素对玉米产量及养分积累、利用的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2018, 26(5): 137-142.
	ZHANG Aihua, ZHANG Qin, YANG Shuang, et al. Effect of new-type urea on yield, nutrient accumulation and utilization of corn[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2018, 26(5): 137-142.
[19]	尹焕丽, 岳艳军, 常凤, 等. 新型尿素对冬小麦产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2020, 22(5): 145-152. DOI
	YIN Huanli, YUE Yanjun, CHANG Feng, et al. Effects of new-type urea on yield, nutrient absorption and utilization of winter wheat[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2020, 22(5): 145-152.
[20]	岳克, 马雪, 宋晓, 等. 新型氮肥及施氮量对玉米产量和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2018, (4): 75-81.
	YUE Ke, MA Xue, SONG Xiao, et al. Effects of new-type and application rate of N-fertilizer on yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2018, (4): 75-81.
[21]	关园园, 未志源, 谢孟河, 等. 几种新型尿素对玉米植株氮素利用和土壤氮残留的影响[J]. 农业科技通讯, 2022, (8): 29-33.
	GUAN Yuanyuan, WEI Zhiyuan, XIE Menghe, et al. Effects of several new ureas on nitrogen utilization of maize plants and nitrogen residue in soil[J]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, (8): 29-33.

编辑推荐

Metrics

阅读次数

全文

HTML			PDF

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版	最新录用	在线预览	正式出版
0	0	9	0	0	12

来源	本网站	其他网站

次数	16	5
比例	76%	24%

摘要

1474

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版

0	0	1474

来源	本网站	其他网站

次数	39	1435
比例	3%	97%

不同类型尿素及施用方式对滴灌冬小麦产量形成和氮肥利用效率的影响

Effects of different urea and application methods on photosynthetic characteristics, yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation

在线阅读

PDF下载

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 5

参考文献 21

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	孙娜, 马林, 邹辉, 张志辉, 张胜军, 黄倩楠, 杨蕙, 登斯拉木·吐尔逊拜, 李志彬, 曹俊梅, 雷钧杰. 氮磷钾配施对冬小麦产量和品质的影响及其肥效分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 1-12.
[2]	杜亚隆, 付秋萍, 艾鹏睿, 马英杰, 祁通, 潘洋. 综合评价不同灌溉处理对长绒棉生长及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 161-173.
[3]	谢秀荣, 张永强, 海峰, 雷钧杰, 吕晓庆, 陈传信, 徐其江, 聂石辉, 王冀川. 匀播增密对适期晚播冬小麦群体结构及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 21-28.
[4]	胡梦婷, 刘胜尧, 贾宋楠, 范凤翠, 杜凤焕, 李劲松, 秦勇. 不同种植行距对菠菜产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 217-224.
[5]	张妍婷, 张永强, 雷钧杰, 陈慧, 陈传信, 徐其江, 聂石辉, 徐文修. 不同施磷方式对干播湿出冬小麦光合生理特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 29-36.
[6]	张景灿, 徐其江, 张永强, 雷钧杰, 吕晓庆, 陈传信, 聂石辉, 徐文修. 不同调节剂及喷施次数对滴灌冬小麦茎秆特征和抗倒伏性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 37-44.
[7]	海峰, 张永强, 谢秀荣, 吕晓庆, 陈传信, 徐其江, 聂石辉, 王冀川, 雷钧杰. 限量灌溉下不同滴灌量对滴灌冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 45-52.
[8]	马林, 黄倩楠, 杨蕙, 登斯拉木·吐尔逊拜, 邹辉, 孙娜, 雷钧杰. 不同氮肥配施腐殖酸策略对冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 60-67.
[9]	陈传信, 张永强, 聂石辉, 徐其江, 雷钧杰. 微生物菌剂与氮肥配施对冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 68-74.
[10]	李娜, 吕彩霞, 信会男, 李永福, 赖宁, 耿庆龙, 陈署晃. 不同施氮量对滴灌小麦性状及根区土壤养分的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 87-94.
[11]	李永泰, 高阿香, 李艳军, 张新宇. 脱叶剂对不同敏感性棉花品种生理特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2094-2102.
[12]	张泽华, 叶含春, 王振华, 李文昊, 李海强, 刘健. 等氮配施脲酶抑制剂对滴灌棉花生长发育和产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2103-2111.
[13]	陈瑞杰, 罗林毅, 阮向阳, 冶军. 腐植酸对滴灌棉田土壤养分和棉花产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2112-2121.
[14]	黄铂轩, 李鹏程, 郑苍松, 孙淼, 邵晶晶, 冯卫娜, 庞朝友, 徐文修, 董合林. 不同氮素抑制剂对棉花生长发育、氮素利用与产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2122-2131.
[15]	张鸟, 王卉, 冯国郡, 再吐尼古丽·库尔班. 不同粒用高粱品种产量和农艺性状及品质的差异性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2160-2167.