限量灌溉下不同滴灌量对滴灌冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.006

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 45-52.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.006

• 新疆主要粮食作物绿色丰产提质增效专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

限量灌溉下不同滴灌量对滴灌冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响

海峰¹^,²(), 张永强²^,³, 谢秀荣¹^,², 吕晓庆⁴, 陈传信²^,³, 徐其江²^,³, 聂石辉²^,³, 王冀川¹(), 雷钧杰²^,³()

1.塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
4.玛纳斯县农业技术推广中心,新疆玛纳斯 832200

收稿日期:2024-07-15 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-03-11
通信作者: 王冀川(1968-),男,河北廊坊人,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为作物高效栽培,(E-mail)wjcwzy@126.com；
雷钧杰(1972-),男,甘肃古浪人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培生理,(E-mail)leijunjie@sohu.com
作者简介:海峰(2000-),男,宁夏西吉人,硕士,研究方向为作物栽培,(E-mail)1774538327@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002-1);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02001-3);国家自然科学基金项目(31960379);国家自然科学基金项目(51879267);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”人才培养项目(2023TSYCLJ0009);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”人才培养项目(2023TSYCCX0013);国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-03-88);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系项目(XJARS-01)

Effects of different drip irrigation rates on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of drip irrigated winter wheat under limited irrigation

HAI Feng¹^,²(), ZHANG Yongqiang²^,³, XIE Xiurong¹^,², LYU Xiaoqing⁴, CHEN Chuanxin²^,³, XU Qijiang²^,³, NIE Shihui²^,³, WANG Jichuan¹(), LEI Junjie²^,³()

1. College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
2. Research Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830091,China
3. Key Laboratory of Desert - Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,MOARA,Urumqi 830091, China
4. Xinjiang Manas Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Manas Xinjiang 832200,China

Received:2024-07-15 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2025-03-11
Supported by:
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key R&D Program Projects(2021B02002-1);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key R&D Program Projects(2022B02001-3);Natural Science Foundation of China project(31960379);Natural Science Foundation of China project(51879267);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Tianshan Talent" Training Program(2023TSYCLJ0009);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Tianshan Talent" Training Program(2023TSYCCX0013);National Wheat Industry Technology System Urumqi Comprehensive Experimental Station(CARS-03-88);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region wheat industry technology system project(XJARS-01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 探究限量灌溉下不同滴灌量对新疆北疆滴灌冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响,为筛选新疆北疆滴灌冬小麦灌溉量提供理论依据。【方法】 以新冬41号为材料,在大田滴灌条件下,采用随机区组试验设计,设置3 000 m³ /hm² (W₁)、3 600 m³ /hm²(W₂)和4 200 m³ /hm²(W₃)共3个春季灌水量处理。研究限量灌溉下不同滴灌量对冬小麦叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数(LAI)、光合特性、产量及产量构成因素的影响。【结果】 不同处理的小麦叶片SPAD值均随生育进程呈先升后降的变化趋势,处理间以W₃处理开花期叶片SPAD值最大为54.65。不同处理滴灌冬小麦LAI随着生育进程呈先升后降的变化趋势,均在开花期最高,其中以W₂处理最高为7.41。滴灌冬小麦叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)随着灌水量的增加而增大,净光合速率(Pn)则呈先升高后降低的趋势,均在W₃处理时最高表现为W₃>W₂>W₁,叶片水分利用效率(WUE_叶片)呈一直降低的趋势。不同处理冬小麦穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均表现为W₂>W₃>W₁;产量以W₂处理最高8 559.83 kg/hm²,较W₃、W₁处理分别高出24.80%、0.39%。【结论】 W₂处理下冬小麦产量及其他方面均表现较佳。

关键词: 限量灌溉; 滴灌; 冬小麦; 光合特性; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to explore the effects of different drip irrigation rates on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of drip irrigation winter wheat in northern Xinjiang, and to provide a theoretical basis for drip irrigation winter wheat irrigation in northern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Xindong 41 was used as experimental material, and three spring irrigation treatments of 3,000 m³ /hm²(W₁), 3,600 m³/hm²(W₂) and 4,200 m³ /hm²(W₃) were set in a randomized block design under field drip irrigation. The effects of different drip irrigation on SPAD value, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic characteristics, yield and yield components of winter wheat under limited irrigation were studied. 【Results】 The results showed that the SPAD value of wheat leaves under different treatments showed a trend of "first decreasing, then increasing and then decreasing" with the growth process, and the maximum SPAD value of leaves at flowering stage under W₃ treatment was 54.65. The LAI of winter wheat under different drip irrigation treatments showed a trend of "first increasing and then decreasing" with the growth process, and the highest LAI was reached at the flowering stage, among which the highest LAI was 6.54 under W₂ treatment. Leaf transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductivity (Gs) of winter wheat under drip irrigation increased with the increase of irrigation amount, while net photosynthetic rate (Pn) showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and W₃>W₂>W₁ was the highest in all W₃ treatments, and leaf water use efficiency (WUE_Leaf) showed a downward trend. Panicle number, kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight of different treatments were W₂ > W₃ > W₁; The maximum yield of W₂ treatment was 8,559.83 kg/hm², which was 0.3% and 19.8% higher than those of W₃ and W₁ treatment, respectively. 【Conclusion】 W₂ treatment has better performance in winter wheat yield and other aspects.

Key words: limited irrigation; drip irrigation; winter wheat; photosynthetic properties; yield

中图分类号:

S512

海峰, 张永强, 谢秀荣, 吕晓庆, 陈传信, 徐其江, 聂石辉, 王冀川, 雷钧杰. 限量灌溉下不同滴灌量对滴灌冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 45-52.

HAI Feng, ZHANG Yongqiang, XIE Xiurong, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, WANG Jichuan, LEI Junjie. Effects of different drip irrigation rates on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of drip irrigated winter wheat under limited irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 45-52.

图/表 4

图1 不同处理下滴灌冬小麦SPAD值变化注:不同小写字母表示P<0.05,下同

Fig.1 Changes of SPAD values of drip irrigated winter wheat under different treatments Notes: Different lowercase letters indicate P<0.05, the same as below

图2 不同处理下滴灌冬小麦叶面积指数LAI的变化

Fig.2 Changes of leaf area index LAI of drip irrigated winter wheat under different treatments

图3 不同处理下滴灌冬小麦各生育期叶片光合参数的变化

Fig.3 Changes of photosynthetic parameters of leaves at different growth stages of drip irrigated winter wheat under different treatments

表1 不同处理下滴灌冬小麦产量和收获指数的变化

Tab.1 Changes in drip irrigation winter wheat yield and harvest index under different treatments

处理 Treatments	穗数 Spikes (10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Kernels per spike (粒/穗)	千粒重 1000-grain Weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (kg/hm²)	生物量 Total biomass (kg/hm²)	灌溉水利用效率 IWUE (m³/hm²)	收获指数 Harvest index
W₁	580.74^c	41.37^c	36.32^b	6 858.98^b	11 080^c	2.29^b	0.62^b
W₂	650.19^a	42.53^b	39.46^a	8 559.83^a	12 638^b	2.38^a	0.68^a
W₃	622.22^b	44.17^a	38.46^a	8 526.48^a	14014^a	2.03^c	0.61^b

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限量灌溉下不同滴灌量对滴灌冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of different drip irrigation rates on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of drip irrigated winter wheat under limited irrigation

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