不同种植行距对菠菜产量和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.025

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 217-224.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.025

不同种植行距对菠菜产量和水分利用效率的影响

胡梦婷¹(), 刘胜尧², 贾宋楠², 范凤翠¹^,²(), 杜凤焕², 李劲松², 秦勇¹()

1.新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.河北省农林科学研究院农业信息与经济研究所,石家庄 050051

收稿日期:2024-04-27 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-03-11
通信作者: 秦勇(1962-),男,甘肃人,教授,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为蔬菜栽培与生理,(E-mail)352167610@qq.com；
范凤翠(1971-),女,河北人,研究员,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为资源高效利用及农业信息化,(E-mail)njsffc@163.com
作者简介:胡梦婷(1998-),女,云南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为蔬菜水肥资源高效利用,(E-mail)1305812087@qq.com
基金资助:
河北省省级科技计划项目(21326904D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系露地/设施蔬菜创新团队(HBCT2021200201);河北省农林科学院科技创新专项(2022KJCXZX-NXS-4)

Effects of different planting row spacings on yield and water use efficiency of spinach

HU Mengting¹(), LIU Shengyao², JIA Songnan², FAN Fengcui¹^,²(), DU Fenghuan², LI Jingsong², QIN Yong¹()

1. College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China
2. Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051,China

Received:2024-04-27 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2025-03-11
Supported by:
Hebei Provincial Science and Technology Program Project(21326904D);Hebei Province Modern Agriculture Industry Technology System Open Field/Facility Vegetable Innovation Team(HBCT2021200201);Science and Technology Innovation Special Project of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(2022KJCXZX-NXS-4)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 探究不同种植行距对菠菜生产及节水效率的影响,优化设施菠菜高效节水种植模式。【方法】 以墨西哥2号菠菜品种为材料,在塑料大棚内试验,设置3种条播种植行距为10 cm(T₁处理)、15 cm(T₂处理)、20 cm(T₃处理),以撒播(CK)为对照,研究种植行距的变化对菠菜产量、干物质量、耗水以及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】 等行距条播种植显著促进了塑料大棚菠菜的生长和产量,与CK相比,T₁处理、T₂处理、T₃处理下的产量分别提高了4.39%、6.34%和10.04%。其中,T₃处理下菠菜的产量和水分利用效率明显高于T₁处理和T₂处理,T₃处理不仅促进了菠菜的干物质积累,并且在收获期表现出最低的日耗水强度,从而提高了水分利用效率。与CK相比,T₃处理下菠菜的植株干物质量提高了10.05%,群体产量增加了10.04%;全生育期耗水量减少了18.84%;水分利用效率提高了26.52%。【结论】 20 cm行距的条播种植模式有利于提高大棚菠菜的产量和水分利用效率,可在生产上推广应用。

关键词: 菠菜; 种植行距; 产量; 水分利用效率

Abstract:

【Objective】 This project aims to explore the effects of different planting row spacing on the production and water-saving efficiency of spinach and optimize the efficient and water-saving planting mode of facility spinach. 【Methods】 Mexico 2 spinach was taken as the test material, a field experiment was conducted in a vinyl house, and three kinds of row spacing was set for drill planting to study the effects of row spacing of 10 cm (T₁), 15 cm (T₂) and 20 cm (T₃) on yield, dry matter quality, water consumption and water use efficiency of spinach with uniform sowing (CK) as the control. 【Results】 The results showed that equal row spacing seeding significantly promoted the growth and yield of spinach in facilities.Compared with CK, the yield under T₁, T₂ and T₃ treatments increased by 4.39%, 6.34% and 10.04%, respectively.Among them, the yield and water use efficiency of spinach under T₃ treatment were significantly higher than those under T₁ and T₂ treatment.T₃ treatment not only promoted the dry matter accumulation of spinach, but also showed the lowest daily water consumption intensity during the harvest period, thus improving the water use efficiency.Compared with CK, the dry matter quality of spinach plants under T₃ treatment increased by 10.05%, and the population yield increased by 10.04%.Water consumption during the whole growth period decreased by 18.84%; Water use efficiency increased by 26.52%. 【Conclusion】 In summary, in the process of spinach production, the 20 cm row spacing drill planting mode is the most beneficial to improve the yield and water use efficiency of facility spinach, so it is strongly recommended to be popularized and applied.

Key words: spinach; planting pattern; yield; water use efficiency

中图分类号:

S636.1

胡梦婷, 刘胜尧, 贾宋楠, 范凤翠, 杜凤焕, 李劲松, 秦勇. 不同种植行距对菠菜产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 217-224.

HU Mengting, LIU Shengyao, JIA Songnan, FAN Fengcui, DU Fenghuan, LI Jingsong, QIN Yong. Effects of different planting row spacings on yield and water use efficiency of spinach[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 217-224.

图/表 6

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种植模式 Cropping pattern	处理 Treat- ments	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²/株)	株高 Plant height (cm)
撒播 Spreading gear	CK	331.03±13.88^b	39.33±1.43^a
条播 Drilling method	T₁	372.94±8.85^a	38.33±2.17^a
	T₂	376.23±13.93^a	46.17±4.09^a
	T₃	375.63±8.40^a	42.2±0.47^a
	平均值	374.93±10.39	42.23±2.24

种植模式 Cropping pattern	处理 Treat- ments	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²/株)	株高 Plant height (cm)
撒播 Spreading gear	CK	331.03±13.88^b	39.33±1.43^a
条播 Drilling method	T₁	372.94±8.85^a	38.33±2.17^a
	T₂	376.23±13.93^a	46.17±4.09^a
	T₃	375.63±8.40^a	42.2±0.47^a
	平均值	374.93±10.39	42.23±2.24

种植模式 Cropping pattern	处理 Treatments	生育时期Childbearing age
种植模式 Cropping pattern	处理 Treatments	生长前期 Pre-growing stage	生长中期 Mid-growth stage	成熟期 Attqin maturity	收获期 Harvest season
撒播 Spreading gear	CK	5.08±0.33^c	1 367.39±79.50^a	1 990.46±38.18^a	3 612.52±140.70^a
条播 Drilling method	T₁	5.63±0.01^b	1 362.53±63.88^a	2 072.31±79.09^a	3 698.53±168.87^a
	T₂	7.53±0.13^a	1 411.1±90.72^a	2 147.99±84.57^a	3 857.36±214.54^a
	T₃	7.5±0.10^a	1 604.26±53.97^a	2 070.79±23.56^a	4 038.45±76.83^a
	平均值	6.89±0.08	1 459.30±69.52	2 097.03±62.41	3 864.78±153.41

种植模式 Cropping pattern	处理 Treatments	生育时期Childbearing age
种植模式 Cropping pattern	处理 Treatments	生长前期 Pre-growing stage	生长中期 Mid-growth stage	成熟期 Attqin maturity	收获期 Harvest season
撒播 Spreading gear	CK	5.08±0.33^c	1 367.39±79.50^a	1 990.46±38.18^a	3 612.52±140.70^a
条播 Drilling method	T₁	5.63±0.01^b	1 362.53±63.88^a	2 072.31±79.09^a	3 698.53±168.87^a
	T₂	7.53±0.13^a	1 411.1±90.72^a	2 147.99±84.57^a	3 857.36±214.54^a
	T₃	7.5±0.10^a	1 604.26±53.97^a	2 070.79±23.56^a	4 038.45±76.83^a
	平均值	6.89±0.08	1 459.30±69.52	2 097.03±62.41	3 864.78±153.41

生育时期 Childbearing age	耗水特征 Water consumption characteristics	撒播 Spreading gear	条播 Drilling method
生育时期 Childbearing age	耗水特征 Water consumption characteristics	CK	T₁	T₂	T₃
发芽期 Germination stage	耗水量(mm)	38.01	36.60	33.28	31.65
发芽期 Germination stage	日耗水强度(mm/d)	3.80	3.66	3.33	3.17
生长前期 Pre-growing stage	耗水量(mm)	27.85	25.70	27.83	28.09
生长前期 Pre-growing stage	日耗水强度(mm/d)	2.79	2.57	2.78	2.81
生长中期 Mid-growth stage	耗水量(mm)	10.35	9.00	8.13	8.21
生长中期 Mid-growth stage	日耗水强度(mm/d)	1.48	1.29	1.16	1.17
成熟期 Attqin maturity	耗水量(mm)	20.12	19.11	17.30	15.43
成熟期 Attqin maturity	日耗水强度(mm/d)	2.87	2.73	2.47	2.20
收获期 Harvest season	耗水量(mm)	11.36	6.92	8.94	4.02
收获期 Harvest season	日耗水强度(mm/d)	1.62	0.99	1.28	0.57
全生育期 Entire growth period	耗水量(mm)	107.69	97.33	95.48	87.40

不同种植行距对菠菜产量和水分利用效率的影响

Effects of different planting row spacings on yield and water use efficiency of spinach

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Metrics

种植模式 Cropping pattern	处理 Treatments	产量 Yied(kg/hm²)	单株干重 Dry weight per plant (g)	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency (kg/mm)
撒播Spreading gear	CK	54 125.4±629.37^c	29.74±0.35^b	33.72
条播Drilling method	T₁	56 500.28±577.35^b	31.05±1.26^ab	38.70
	T₂	57 555.84±128.30^b	31.62±0.07^ab	40.19
	T₃	60 166.97±726.49^a	33.06±0.87^a	45.89
	平均值	58 074.36±477.28	31.91±2.20	41.59

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