伊犁河谷西天山野果林瓢虫多样性及空间分布特征

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 调查分析新疆伊犁河谷西天山野果林不同生境中瓢虫群落多样性,为西天山野果林的生物多样性保护提供基础数据。【方法】 在2022~2023年的5~8月,系统调查伊犁河谷6个县市(霍城县、伊宁市、伊宁县、巩留县、新源县和尼勒克县)5种生境(包括山地草原、荒漠草原、湿地、果园、林地)共90个样点。【结果】 共采集2 014头瓢虫,隶属于13属23种。不同地区之间的瓢虫种群数量和物种组成差异显著:巩留县和霍城县瓢虫种群数量最多,而尼勒克县的瓢虫种群数量最少,多异瓢虫为优势种。不同生境间湿地的Margalef丰富度指数最高(2.891),而林地的最低(1.473)。多样性指数H'从高到低依次为山地草原>湿地>荒漠草原>果园>林地。均匀度指数E从高到低为荒漠草原>林地>果园 >山地草原>湿地。其次,不同生境之间的昆虫种群相似性存在差异,其中荒漠草原和果园的相似度系数最高为0.76(中等相似);而林地与山地草原以及湿地的相似度指数均低于0.5(不相似或者极不相似)。【结论】 湿地和山地草原等生境中的昆虫物种丰富度较高,是主要的昆虫物种储存库,其对应的昆虫群落多样性指数H'也较高,生境对瓢虫多样性具有重要影响。

关键词: 捕食性; 瓢虫; 多样性指数; 相似性; 天敌昆虫保护

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study conducted a survey on ladybug community diversity in different habitats of the western Tianshan Mountains wild fruit forests in the Ili River Valley,Xinjiang.The aim was to provide fundamental data for biodiversity conservation in the western Tianshan Mountains wild fruit forests. 【Methods】 From May to August 2022-2023, a systematic survey was conducted in six counties and cities in the Ili River Valley (Huocheng County, Yining City, Yining County, Gongliu County, Xinyuan County, and Nilka County) across five habitats (mountain grassland, desert grassland, wetland, orchard, and woodland), totaling 90 sampling points. 【Results】 A combined method of sweep netting and hand collection was employed, yielding a total of 2,014 ladybugs belonging to 13 genera and 23 species.Results indicated significant variations in ladybug population and species composition among different regions, Hippodamia variegata is the dominant species,with Gongliu County and Huocheng County having the highest ladybug populations, while Nilka County had the lowest.Ladybug Margalef richness index ranked from high to low as wetland > mountain grassland > desert grassland > orchard > woodland, with wetland having the highest index (2.891) and woodland the lowest (1.473).Diversity index H' ranked from high to low as mountain grassland > wetland > desert grassland > orchard > woodland.Evenness index E ranked from high to low as desert grassland > woodland > orchard > mountain grassland > wetland.Additionally, there were differences in insect community similarity among different habitats.The similarity coefficient between desert grassland and orchard was the highest at 0.76, indicating moderate similarity.However, woodland's similarity with mountain grassland and wetland was below 0.5, indicating dissimilarity or extreme dissimilarity. 【Conclusion】 Insect species richness was higher in habitats like wetland and mountain grassland, serving as significant reservoirs for insect species.The corresponding insect community diversity index H was also higher, highlighting the habitat's crucial impact on ladybug diversity.

Key words: predatory; ladybug; diversity index; similarity; natural enemy insect protection

中图分类号:

S436

姚晓宇, 胡红英, 康宁, 熊仕豪. 伊犁河谷西天山野果林瓢虫多样性及空间分布特征[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 210-216.

YAO Xiaoyu, HU Hongying, KANG Ning, XIONG Shihao. Diversity and spatial distribution of ladybird in Western Tianshan wild fruit forest in Ili River Valley[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 210-216.

图/表 7

参考文献 31

[1]	谢寿安, 张雅林, 袁锋, 等. 我国昆虫多样性的保护和利用[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2001, 16(2): 50-53.
	XIE Shouan, ZHANG Yalin, YUAN Feng, et al. Conservation and utilization of the insect diversity in China[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry College, 2001, 16(2): 50-53.
[2]	吴燕如. 我国昆虫多样性研究及保护概况[J]. 生物科学信息, 1990, 2(4): 166-168.
	WU Yanru. Survey of insect diversity research and conservation in China[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences, 1990, 2(4): 166-168.
[3]	Landmann T, Schmitt M, Ekim B, et al. Insect diversity is a good indicator of biodiversity status in Africa[J]. Communications Earth & Environment, 2023, 4: 234.
[4]	Shipley J R, Gossner M M, Rigling A, et al. Conserving forest insect biodiversity requires the protection of key habitat features[J]. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2023, 38(9): 788-791.
[5]	林培钧, 廖明康. 我国珍存的伊犁野果林亟待保护[J]. 新疆林业, 1986, (5): 30-31.
	LIN Peijun, LIAO Mingkang. China 's precious Yili wild fruit forest needs to be protected[J]. Xinjiang Forestry, 1986, (5) : 30-31
[6]	高爱保. 中国瓢虫的物种多样性[J]. 江西植保, 2006, 29(1): 32-33, 31.
	GAO Aibao. Species diversity of ladybirds (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) in China[J]. Jiangxi Plant Protection, 2006, 29(1): 32-33, 31.
[7]	任丽娜, 崔洁, 王向向, 等. 我国捕食性瓢虫生物防治研究现状[J]. 西藏农业科技, 2022, 44(3): 96-99.
	REN Lina, CUI Jie, WANG Xiangxiang, et al. Status of research on biological control of predatory ladybugs in China[J]. Tibet Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 44(3): 96-99.
[8]	Sloggett J J. Aphidophagous ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and climate change: a review[J]. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 2021, 14(6): 709-722. DOI
[9]	Magro A, Lecompte E, Magné F, et al. Phylogeny of ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Are the subfamilies monophyletic?[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2010, 54(3): 833-848. DOI PMID
[10]	Iperti G. Biodiversity of predaceous Coccinellidae in relation to bioindication and economic importance[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1999, 74(1/2/3): 323-342.
[11]	Dillen M, Smit C, Buyse M, et al. Stronger diversity effects with increased environmental stress: a study of multitrophic interactions between oak, powdery mildew and ladybirds[J]. PLoS One, 2017, 12(4): e0176104.
[12]	Sethuraman A, Janzen F J, Rubio M A, et al. Demographic histories of three predatory lady beetles reveal complex patterns of diversity and population size change in the United States[J]. Insect Science, 2018, 25(6): 1065-1079. DOI PMID
[13]	姜双林. 陇东地区瓢虫群落多样性的研究[J]. 西北农业学报, 2006, 15(2): 63-65.
	JIANG Shuanglin. Studies on the diversity of ladybug communities in the eastern area of Gansu Province[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2006, 15(2): 63-65.
[14]	周文靖, 王建楠, 张斯琦, 等. 双鸭山地区果园害虫的捕食性天敌昆虫种类调查[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2018, 46(17): 146-147, 152.
	ZHOU Wenjing, WANG Jiannan, ZHANG Siqi, et al. Investigation on predatory insect pests of orchard pests in Shuangyashan area[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 46(17): 146-147, 152.
[15]	阿尔孜姑丽·肉孜, 丁新华, 吐尔逊·阿合买提, 等. 新疆农田系统瓢虫资源调查与多样性研究[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2021, 43(2): 292-304.
	Aerziguli Rouzi, DING Xinhua, Tuerxun Ahemaiti, et al. Investigation and diversity of ladybug resources of farmland system in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 2021, 43(2): 292-304.
[16]	陈廷贵, 张金屯. 十五个物种多样性指数的比较研究[J]. 河南科学, 1999, 17(S1): 62-64, 78.
	CHEN Tinggui, ZHANG Jintun. Comparative study on diversity index of fifteen species[J]. Henan Science, 1999, 17(S1): 62-64, 78.
[17]	马克平, 黄建辉, 于顺利, 等. 北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅱ丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J]. 生态学报, 1995, 15(3): 268-277.
	MA Keping, HUANG Jianhui, YU Shunli, et al. Plant community diversity in Dongling mountain, Beijing, China: Ⅱ. species richness, evenness and species diversities[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1995, 15(3): 268-277.
[18]	马克平, 钱迎倩. 生物多样性保护及其研究进展[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 1998, 4(1): 96-100.
	MA Keping, QIAN Yingqian. Biodiversity Conservation and Its Research Progress[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 1998, 4(1): 96-100.
[19]	马克平, 刘玉明. 生物群落多样性的测度方法 Ⅰα多样性的测度方法(下)[J]. 生物多样性, 1994, 2(4): 229-239.
	MA Keping, LIU Yuming. Method for measuring biodiversity of biological community iαMethod for measuring biodiversity (down)[J]. Biodiversity Science, 1994, 2(4): 229-239.
[20]	马克平, 刘灿然, 刘玉明. 生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅱβ多样性的测度方法[J]. 生物多样性, 1995, 3(1): 229-239.
	MA Keping, LIU Canran, LIU Yuming. Measurement Method of Biocommunity DiversityIIMeasurement Method of β Diversity[J]. Biodiversity Science, 1995, 3(1): 229-239.
[21]	Magagula C N, Samways M J. Maintenance of ladybeetle diversity across a heterogeneous African agricultural/savanna land mosaic[J]. Biodiversity & Conservation, 2001, 10(2): 209-222.
[22]	Banks J E, Yasenak C L. Effects of plot vegetation diversity and spatial scale on Coccinella septempunctata movement in the absence of prey[J]. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 2003, 108(3): 197-204.
[23]	阿尔孜姑丽·肉孜, 丁新华, 吐尔逊·阿合买提, 等. 新疆伊犁河谷地区瓢虫种类及其群落组成与结构分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(3): 507-518. DOI
	Aerziguli Rouzi, DING Xinhua, Tuerxun Ahemaiti, et al. A preliminary report on the species of natural enemies ladybug in Yili valley of Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(3): 507-518. DOI
[24]	阿尔孜姑丽·肉孜, 吐尔逊·阿合买提, 付开赟, 等. 新疆玉米种植区瓢虫资源调查及多样性分析[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(5): 697-707.
	Aerziguli Rouzi, Tuerxun Ahemaiti, FU Kaiyun, et al. Investigation and diversity analysis of lady beetle resources in corn producing areas of Xinjiang[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2020, 36(5): 697-707. DOI
[25]	Song X X, Ji L, Liu G M, et al. Patterns and drivers of aboveground insect diversity along ecological transect in temperate grazed steppes of eastern Eurasian[J]. Insects, 2023, 14(2): 191.
[26]	Wang J H, Ren B B, Shao J L, et al. Impact of plant community structure and its diversity on richness and abundance of arthropod aphidophagous natural enemy community[J]. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2023, 81: 127850.
[27]	Pelliza Y I, Souto C P, Tadey M. Unravelling effects of grazing intensity on genetic diversity and fitness of desert vegetation[J]. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, 2020, 18(3): 178-189.
[28]	Curran M F, Robinson T J, Guernsey P, et al. Insect abundance and diversity respond favorably to vegetation communities on interim reclamation sites in a semi-arid natural gas field[J]. Land, 2022, 11(4): 527.
[29]	Honek A, Dixon A F, Soares A O, et al. Spatial and temporal changes in the abundance and compostion of ladybird (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) communities[J]. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 2017, 20: 61-67. DOI PMID
[30]	Minor A K, Eichholz M W, Liechty J S. Vegetation richness, diversity, and structure influence arthropod communities of native and restored northern mixed-prairies[J]. Restoration Ecology, 2021, 29(7): e13407.
[31]	Tu T H, Wang J R, Gu J Q, et al. Effects of habitat fragmentation on the functional diversity of insects in Thousand Island Lake, China[J]. Entomological Research, 2019, 49(2): 93-104.

采集地 Collection places	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Elevation	植被类型 Vegetation form	其他昆虫 Other insects
霍城县 Huocheng County	E:80.783 518 N:44.431 327	1 077.47	野杏、樱桃李、野山楂、小檗、杂草	四点斑芫菁Mylabris quadripunctata、黄缘青步甲Chlaenius spoliatus、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、
伊宁市 Yining City	E:81.193 728 N:43.920 885	533.93	柽柳、柳树、沙枣树、杨树	薄翅螳螂Mantis religiosa、华丽色蟌Calopteryx splendens Harr、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、白蜡卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus fraxini
伊宁县 Yining County	E:81.896 843 N:43.791 831	799.01	白蜡树、柳树、果树、小檗,苜蓿地	多形虎甲Cicindela hybrida、白尾灰蜻Orthetrum albistylum、白蜡卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus fraxini、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri
巩留县 Gongliu County	E:82.272 551 N:43.350 858	1 190.52	核桃树、杏树、杨树、榆树、梧桐树、玉米地	德国黄胡蜂Vespula germanica、点蜾蠃Eumenes pomiformis、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri、
新源县 Xinyuan County	E:83.606 312 N:43.379 005	1 349.45	苹果树、杏树、雪岭云杉、小檗、山楂、沙枣、沙棘	黑突节腹泥蜂Cerceris rubida、白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis、苹小吉丁Agrilus mali、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri
尼勒克县 Nilka County	E:83.710 332 N:43.669 625	1 864.87	苹果树、杏树、樱桃李、小檗、忍冬	短翅细腹食蚜蝇Sphaerophoria scripta、赤带绿芫菁L.sifanica、光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis、白蜡卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus fraxini、

采集地 Collection places	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Elevation	植被类型 Vegetation form	其他昆虫 Other insects
霍城县 Huocheng County	E:80.783 518 N:44.431 327	1 077.47	野杏、樱桃李、野山楂、小檗、杂草	四点斑芫菁Mylabris quadripunctata、黄缘青步甲Chlaenius spoliatus、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、
伊宁市 Yining City	E:81.193 728 N:43.920 885	533.93	柽柳、柳树、沙枣树、杨树	薄翅螳螂Mantis religiosa、华丽色蟌Calopteryx splendens Harr、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、白蜡卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus fraxini
伊宁县 Yining County	E:81.896 843 N:43.791 831	799.01	白蜡树、柳树、果树、小檗,苜蓿地	多形虎甲Cicindela hybrida、白尾灰蜻Orthetrum albistylum、白蜡卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus fraxini、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri
巩留县 Gongliu County	E:82.272 551 N:43.350 858	1 190.52	核桃树、杏树、杨树、榆树、梧桐树、玉米地	德国黄胡蜂Vespula germanica、点蜾蠃Eumenes pomiformis、苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri、
新源县 Xinyuan County	E:83.606 312 N:43.379 005	1 349.45	苹果树、杏树、雪岭云杉、小檗、山楂、沙枣、沙棘	黑突节腹泥蜂Cerceris rubida、白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis、苹小吉丁Agrilus mali、杏树鬃球蚧Sphaerolecanium prunastri
尼勒克县 Nilka County	E:83.710 332 N:43.669 625	1 864.87	苹果树、杏树、樱桃李、小檗、忍冬	短翅细腹食蚜蝇Sphaerophoria scripta、赤带绿芫菁L.sifanica、光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis、白蜡卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus fraxini、

样地名称 Sample name	物种数 Number of Species (S)	个体数 Individual numbers (N)	多样性指数 Diversity index (H')	丰富度指数 Richness index (E)	均匀度指数 Evenness index (J)	优势度指数 Concentration index (D)
霍城县 Huocheng County	17	472	2.143	2.599	0.756	0.261
伊宁市 Yining City	10	210	2.078	1.683	0.902	0.195
伊宁县 Yining County	10	202	2.024	1.695	0.879	0.223
巩留县 Gongliu County	16	650	2.162	2.316	0.780	0.189
新源县 Xinyuan County	14	333	2.281	2.238	0.865	0.165
尼勒克县 Nilka County	9	47	1.933	1.603	0.880	0.252

样地名称 Sample name	物种数 Number of Species (S)	个体数 Individual numbers (N)	多样性指数 Diversity index (H')	丰富度指数 Richness index (E)	均匀度指数 Evenness index (J)	优势度指数 Concentration index (D)
霍城县 Huocheng County	17	472	2.143	2.599	0.756	0.261
伊宁市 Yining City	10	210	2.078	1.683	0.902	0.195
伊宁县 Yining County	10	202	2.024	1.695	0.879	0.223
巩留县 Gongliu County	16	650	2.162	2.316	0.780	0.189
新源县 Xinyuan County	14	333	2.281	2.238	0.865	0.165
尼勒克县 Nilka County	9	47	1.933	1.603	0.880	0.252

生境类型 Habitat name	采集种数 Number of species insects	采集总数 Number of insects (N)	多样性指数 Diversity index (H')	丰富度指数 Richness index (R)	均匀度指数 Evenness index (E)	优势度指数 Concentration index (D)
山地草原 Mountain grassland	17	787	2.222	2.399	0.784	0.184
荒漠草原 Desert grassland	12	256	2.198	1.984	0.884	0.219
湿地 Wetland	19	506	2.215	2.891	0.752	0.243
果园 Garden	11	349	1.965	1.708	0.819	0.275
林地 Forest	8	116	1.734	1.473	0.834	0.310