匀播增密对适期晚播冬小麦群体结构及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 21-28.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.003

• 新疆主要粮食作物绿色丰产提质增效专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

匀播增密对适期晚播冬小麦群体结构及产量的影响

谢秀荣¹^,²(), 张永强²^,³(), 海峰¹^,², 雷钧杰²^,³, 吕晓庆⁴, 陈传信²^,³, 徐其江²^,³, 聂石辉²^,³, 王冀川¹()

1.塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
4.玛纳斯县农业技术推广中心,新疆玛纳斯 832200

收稿日期:2024-07-15 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-03-11
通信作者: 张永强(1988-),男,河南平舆人,副研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培生理与抗逆调控,(E-mail)zyq988@yeah.net；
王冀川(1968-),男,河北廊坊人,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为作物高产栽培,(E-mail)wjcwzy@126.com
作者简介:谢秀荣(1998-),男,广西钦州人,硕士,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)1021535205@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002-1);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02001-3);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划(2023TSYCCX0013);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划(2023TSYCLJ0009);新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目(2022SNGGNT062);国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-03);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系项目(XJARS-01);国家自然科学基金项目(31960379);国家自然科学基金项目(51879267)

Effects of uniform sowing and densification on population structure and yield of late sowing winter wheat

XIE Xiurong¹^,²(), ZHANG Yongqiang²^,³(), HAI Feng¹^,², LEI Junjie²^,³, LYU Xiaoqing⁴, CHEN Chuanxin²^,³, XU Qijiang²^,³, NIE Shihui²^,³, WANG Jichuan¹()

1. College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
2. Key Laboratory of Desert Oasis Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
4. Manas County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Manas Xinjiang 832200, China

Received:2024-07-15 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2025-03-11
Supported by:
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key R&D Program Projects(2021B02002-1);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key R&D Program Projects(2022B02001-3);Xinjiang UygurAutonomous Region "Tianshan Talents" Cultivation Program(2023TSYCCX0013);Xinjiang UygurAutonomous Region "Tianshan Talents" Cultivation Program(2023TSYCLJ0009);Autonomous Region“Three Rural”Backbone Talent Training Program(2022SNGGNT062);Urumqi Comprehensive Experimental Station of theNational Wheat Industry Technology System(CARS-03);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Wheat Industry Technology System Project(XJARS-01);National Natural Science Foundation of China project(31960379);National Natural Science Foundation of China project(51879267)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 探究新疆北疆匀播增密对适期晚播冬小麦群体结构及产量的影响,为新疆北疆晚播小麦合理密植提供依据。【方法】 在冬小麦适期播种期(9月20~30日)内及延迟播种时间(播种期为10月26日,延迟16~38 d),分析在晚播和匀播种植的方式下对冬小麦群体结构及产量的影响,试验设置田间不同种植密度为525×10⁴粒/hm²(D₁,大田常规播种密度)、600×10⁴粒/hm²(D₂)、675×10⁴粒/hm²(D₃)、750×10⁴粒/hm²(D₄)、825×10⁴粒/hm²(D₅)和900×10⁴粒/hm²(D₆),比较不同种植密度下适期晚播冬小麦群体结构的差异。【结果】 晚播条件下,随种植密度增大,群体茎蘖数增大,茎蘖成穗率降低,D₁处理茎蘖成穗率最高,为46.08%,较其它处理依次高2.01%、8.94%、29.58%、43.02%和44.63%;随密度增加小麦株高升高,D₁处理均与D₅、D₆处理差异显著,且基部第1、第2节间粗度逐渐降低;D₃处理开花期各叶层叶面积达最大值,分别为27.58、25.75和18.45 cm²,LAI也达最大值,为6.93,且其开花期较蜡熟期透光率在各处理中降幅最小。产量以D₅处理产量达最高,为8 908.47 kg/hm²,最小值为D₁处理,为7 320.47 kg/hm²。【结论】 在晚播条件下,种植密度675×10⁴粒/hm²拥有较好的群体结构,而825×10⁴粒/hm²比较能获得高产,675×10⁴~825×10⁴粒/hm²较适合晚播冬小麦匀播种植密度。

关键词: 冬小麦; 晚播; 种植密度; 群体结构; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of uniform sowing on population structure and yield of late sowing winter wheat in northern Xinjiang, and to provide basis for reasonable dense planting of late sowing wheat in the region. 【Methods】 Delayed sowing time (sowing date was October 26, witha delay of 16~ 38 d) was used to analyze the effects of late sowingand uniform sowing on the population structue and yield of winter wheat during the appropriate sowing period of winter wheat (September 20~ 30), and differe nt planting densities were set up in the field:525×10⁴ grains/hm²(D₁, the conventional sowing density of the field),600×10⁴ grains/hm² (D₂), 675×10⁴ grains/hm²(D₃), 750×10⁴ grains/hm²(D₄),825×10⁴ grains/hm²(D₅), and 900×10⁴ grains/hm²(D₆), to compare the population structure of late sowing winter wheat with different planting densities. 【Results】 Under late sowing conditions, with the increase of planting density, the number of stems and tillers increased, with the D₁ treatment having the highest tiller success rate of 46.08%, which was higher than the other treatments by 2. 01%, 8. 94%, 29. 58%, 43. 02%, and 44. 63%, in that order;Plant height increased with increasing density, and all D₁ treatments differed significantly from D₅ and D₆ treatments, and basalinternode 1 and internode 2 coarseness gradually decreased; the difference betweenD₁ treatment and D₅ and D₆ treatment was significant,With D₃ treatment (6.75 million grains /hm²), the leaf area of each leaf layer at flowering stage reached the maximumvalue (27.58 cm², 25.75 cm², 18.45 cm²),andthe leaf area index LAI also reached the maximum value (6.93), and the light transmission from floweringstage to wax ripening stage decreased the least among all treatments. The maximum yield was 8,908.47kg/hm² under D₅ treatment,and the minimum yield was 7,320.47 kg/hm² under D₁ treatment. 【Conclusion】 Under the condition of late sowing, the planting density of 675 × 10⁴ grains/hm² has better population structure, while 825 × 10⁴ grains/hm² is more capable of obtaining high yield,and 675 × 10⁴ ~ 825× 10⁴ grains/hm² is more suitable for late sowing of winter wheat even sowing planting density.

Key words: winter wheat; late sowing; planting density; group structure; yield

中图分类号:

S512.1

谢秀荣, 张永强, 海峰, 雷钧杰, 吕晓庆, 陈传信, 徐其江, 聂石辉, 王冀川. 匀播增密对适期晚播冬小麦群体结构及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 21-28.

XIE Xiurong, ZHANG Yongqiang, HAI Feng, LEI Junjie, LYU Xiaoqing, CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, WANG Jichuan. Effects of uniform sowing and densification on population structure and yield of late sowing winter wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 21-28.

图/表 7

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密度 Densities	拔节期 Jointing stage (10⁴茎/hm²)	成熟期 Maturity (10⁴茎/hm²)	茎蘖成穗率 Stem tiller success rate(%)
D₁	1 229.78^d	566.64^d	46.08
D₂	1 413.21^c	638.36^cd	45.17
D₃	1 602.89^bc	678.07^bc	42.30
D₄	2 040.60^b	725.55^b	35.56
D₅	2 309.49^a	744.03^ab	32.22
D₆	2 545.02^a	810.82^a	31.86

密度 Densities	拔节期 Jointing stage (10⁴茎/hm²)	成熟期 Maturity (10⁴茎/hm²)	茎蘖成穗率 Stem tiller success rate(%)
D₁	1 229.78^d	566.64^d	46.08
D₂	1 413.21^c	638.36^cd	45.17
D₃	1 602.89^bc	678.07^bc	42.30
D₄	2 040.60^b	725.55^b	35.56
D₅	2 309.49^a	744.03^ab	32.22
D₆	2 545.02^a	810.82^a	31.86

处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height (cm)	基部第1节间粗度 Diameter of the first basal inter node(mm)			基部第2节间粗度 Diameter of the second basalinter node(mm)
处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height (cm)	开花期 Anthesis Stage	乳熟期 Milking Stage	蜡熟期 Wax ripening Stage	开花期 Anthesis Stage	乳熟期 Milking Stage	蜡熟期 Wax ripening Stage
D₁	80.25^d	3.47^a	3.57^a	3.51^a	4.28^a	4.40^a	4.34^a
D₂	82.33^c	3.41^ab	3.51^ab	3.50^a	4.17^ab	4.26^ab	4.24^ab
D₃	82.45^c	3.39^ab	3.50^ab	3.45^ab	4.09^b	4.21^abc	4.17^ab
D₄	83.03^bc	3.32^b	3.41^bc	3.35^abc	4.00^bc	4.11^bcd	4.07^bc
D₅	84.11^ab	3.22^c	3.30^cd	3.28^bc	3.87^cd	4.00^cd	3.92^c
D₆	84.88^a	3.10^d	3.18^d	3.16^c	3.79^d	3.91^d	3.89^c

处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height (cm)	基部第1节间粗度 Diameter of the first basal inter node(mm)			基部第2节间粗度 Diameter of the second basalinter node(mm)
处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height (cm)	开花期 Anthesis Stage	乳熟期 Milking Stage	蜡熟期 Wax ripening Stage	开花期 Anthesis Stage	乳熟期 Milking Stage	蜡熟期 Wax ripening Stage
D₁	80.25^d	3.47^a	3.57^a	3.51^a	4.28^a	4.40^a	4.34^a
D₂	82.33^c	3.41^ab	3.51^ab	3.50^a	4.17^ab	4.26^ab	4.24^ab
D₃	82.45^c	3.39^ab	3.50^ab	3.45^ab	4.09^b	4.21^abc	4.17^ab
D₄	83.03^bc	3.32^b	3.41^bc	3.35^abc	4.00^bc	4.11^bcd	4.07^bc
D₅	84.11^ab	3.22^c	3.30^cd	3.28^bc	3.87^cd	4.00^cd	3.92^c
D₆	84.88^a	3.10^d	3.18^d	3.16^c	3.79^d	3.91^d	3.89^c

处理 Treatments	旗叶Flag leaf			倒二叶2nd from flag			倒三叶3rd from flag
处理 Treatments	长 Length (cm)	宽 Width (cm)	面积 Area (cm²)	长 Length (cm)	宽 Width (cm)	面积 Area (cm²)	长 Length (cm)	宽 Width (cm)	面积 Area (cm²)
D₁	17.10^a	1.75^a	26.91^ab	21.23^ab	1.43^a	25.25^a	19.72^a	1.09^a	17.89^a
D₂	16.84^a	1.66^b	23.95^ab	19.40^bc	1.35^b	21.69^b	19.02^ab	0.98^ab	15.42^b
D₃	17.16^a	1.77^a	27.58^a	21.58^a	1.44^a	25.75^a	20.17^a	1.10^a	18.45^a
D₄	16.49^ab	1.54^c	21.61^bc	18.98^c	1.27^bc	20.05^bc	18.33^ab	0.91^b	13.80^bc
D₅	15.94^ab	1.49^c	21.26^bc	18.45^c	1.20^cd	18.37^cd	17.95^ab	0.85^b	12.66^c
D₆	14.89^b	1.39^d	17.55^c	17.45^c	1.17^d	17.00^d	17.03^b	0.84^b	11.92^c

匀播增密对适期晚播冬小麦群体结构及产量的影响

Effects of uniform sowing and densification on population structure and yield of late sowing winter wheat

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Metrics

处理 Treatments	开花期 Flowering stage	灌浆期 Grouting period	蜡熟期 Wax ripening stage
D₁	11.99^a	21.60^a	35.25^a
D₂	10.37^a	18.61^ab	29.82^ab
D₃	8.74^a	16.74^ab	25.03^abc
D₄	4.22^b	11.82^bc	19.55^bcd
D₅	2.46^b	4.51^cd	12.52^cd
D₆	0.73^b	1.81^d	7.55^d

密度 Dens- ities	有效穗数 Number of effective spikes (10⁴穗/hm²)	穗粒数 Number of grains per spike	千粒重 Thousand- grain weight(g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
D₁	566.64^d	35.17^a	46.62^a	7 320.47^d
D₂	638.36^cd	33.28^ab	45.30^b	7 494.98^cd
D₃	678.07^bc	33.17^ab	45.07^bc	7 774.19^bc
D₄	725.55^b	32.28^b	44.52^bc	8 149.36^b
D₅	744.03^ab	31.83^b	44.09^c	8 908.47^a
D₆	810.82^a	29.28^c	43.12^d	8 803.77^a

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