新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 60-67.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.008
• 新疆主要粮食作物绿色丰产提质增效专栏 • 上一篇 下一篇
马林1(), 黄倩楠1, 杨蕙1, 登斯拉木·吐尔逊拜1, 邹辉1, 孙娜1(
), 雷钧杰2(
)
收稿日期:
2024-08-11
出版日期:
2025-01-20
发布日期:
2025-03-11
通信作者:
孙娜(1982-),女,吉林人,高级农艺师,研究方向为小麦遗传育种,(E-mail)Sna18509993321@163.com;作者简介:
马林(1993-),男,甘肃人,助理研究员,研究方向为小麦遗传育种与栽培,(E-mail)1330846112@qq.com
基金资助:
MA Lin1(), HUANG Qiannan1, YANG Hui1, Dengsilamu Tuerxunbai1, ZOU Hui1, SUN Na1(
), LEI Junjie2(
)
Received:
2024-08-11
Published:
2025-01-20
Online:
2025-03-11
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】 探究不同氮肥种类与土壤调理剂配施策略对小麦光合特征、产量及产量构成的影响,为新疆小麦氮肥及腐殖酸合理配施提供参考。【方法】 在大田滴灌条件下,以冬小麦品种伊农22号为对象,设置不施氮肥(CK)、基施18-磷酸二铵+追施尿素(T1)、基施16-磷酸二铵+追施尿素(T2)、基施18-磷酸二铵+追施腐殖酸尿素(T3)和基施16-磷酸二铵+追施腐殖酸尿素(T4)5个处理,探究不同施肥策略对冬小麦生物量、叶面积指数、SPAD值、净光合速率、产量及产量构成的影响。【结果】 各施氮处理相对CK处理显著提高了冬小麦地下部生物量、地上部生物量、光合能力、产量及产量构成,同一基施条件下追施腐殖酸尿素相对追施尿素处理间差异显著,而同一追施条件下基施不同磷酸二铵处理间存在差异但不显著。其中施氮处理较对照处理叶面积指数、SPAD值、净光合速率分别提高了4.88%~32.43%、18.31%~36.36%和13.31%~42.17%,表现为T4>T3>T1>T2>CK;施氮处理较对照处理穗数、穗粒数和千粒重分别提高了23.99%~32.04%、10.16%~15.29%和3.95%~5.64%,表现为T4>T3>T2>T1>CK;T3处理较T1处理地下部生物量、地上部生物量、产量分别提高了13.32%、3.61%和1.77%,T4处理较T2分别提高了9.84%、7.14%和5.81%,所有处理中T4处理效果最优。【结论】 施氮有利于冬小麦的生长发育,可显著提高冬小麦生物量、光合能力和产量。拔节期追施腐殖酸尿素效果优于基施不同类型磷酸二铵,其中T4处理(基施16-磷酸二铵+追施腐殖酸尿素)提升冬小麦生物量、光合能力和产量效果最佳。
中图分类号:
马林, 黄倩楠, 杨蕙, 登斯拉木·吐尔逊拜, 邹辉, 孙娜, 雷钧杰. 不同氮肥配施腐殖酸策略对冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 60-67.
MA Lin, HUANG Qiannan, YANG Hui, Dengsilamu Tuerxunbai, ZOU Hui, SUN Na, LEI Junjie. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizers with humic acid strategies on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 60-67.
处理 Treat- ments | 基施 Basal application (kg/667 m2) | 追施 Dressing (kg/667 m2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
18-磷 酸二铵 18-DAP | 16-磷 酸二铵 16-DAP | 尿素 Urea | 腐殖酸尿素 Humic acid urea | |
CK | - | - | - | - |
T1 | 25.00 | - | 20.29 | - |
T2 | - | 25.00 | 20.29 | - |
T3 | 25.00 | - | - | 20.29 |
T4 | - | 25.00 | - | 20.29 |
表1 试验处理
Tab. 1 Experiment treatments
处理 Treat- ments | 基施 Basal application (kg/667 m2) | 追施 Dressing (kg/667 m2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
18-磷 酸二铵 18-DAP | 16-磷 酸二铵 16-DAP | 尿素 Urea | 腐殖酸尿素 Humic acid urea | |
CK | - | - | - | - |
T1 | 25.00 | - | 20.29 | - |
T2 | - | 25.00 | 20.29 | - |
T3 | 25.00 | - | - | 20.29 |
T4 | - | 25.00 | - | 20.29 |
图1 不同施肥策略下冬小麦叶面积指数的变化 注:CK:不施氮处理;T1:基施18-DAP+追施尿素;T2:基施16-DAP+追施尿素;T3:基施18-DAP+追施腐殖酸尿素;T4:基施16-DAP+追施腐殖酸尿素。图中阴影部分表示处理标准误,阴影不相交表示同一时期不同处理差异显著(P<0.05),下同
Fig.1 Changes of winter wheat leaf area index under different fertilization strategies Notes: CK: No nitrogen treatment; T1: basal application of 18-DAP+topdressing of urea; T2: Base application of 16-DAP+topdressing of urea; T3: basal application of 18-DAP+topdressing of humic acid urea; T4: Base application of 16-DAP+topdressing of humic acid urea. The shaded areas in the figure represent standard errors in processing, while non overlapping shadows indicate significant differences in processing during the same period (P<0.05),the same as below
图4 不同施肥策略下冬小麦地上、地下部生物量的变化 注:不同小写字母表示同一时期不同处理差异显著(P<0.05),下同
Fig.4 Changes of winter wheat aboveground and underground biomass under different fertilization strategies Notes: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in different treatments during the same period (P<0.05),the same as below
处理 Treatments | 穗数 Number (104株/ 667 m2) | 穗粒数 Number (粒) | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg/667 m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 22.13c | 37.42c | 43.78b | 455.37c |
T1 | 27.44b | 41.22b | 45.51a | 526.25b |
T2 | 28.81ab | 41.62b | 45.83a | 520.51b |
T3 | 28.67ab | 42.47ab | 46.08a | 535.63ab |
T4 | 29.22a | 43.14a | 46.25a | 550.84a |
表2 不同施肥策略下冬小麦产量及产量构成
Tab.2 Winter wheat yield and yield composition under different fertilization strategies
处理 Treatments | 穗数 Number (104株/ 667 m2) | 穗粒数 Number (粒) | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg/667 m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 22.13c | 37.42c | 43.78b | 455.37c |
T1 | 27.44b | 41.22b | 45.51a | 526.25b |
T2 | 28.81ab | 41.62b | 45.83a | 520.51b |
T3 | 28.67ab | 42.47ab | 46.08a | 535.63ab |
T4 | 29.22a | 43.14a | 46.25a | 550.84a |
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