微生物菌剂与氮肥配施对冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.009

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 68-74.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.009

• 新疆主要粮食作物绿色丰产提质增效专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

微生物菌剂与氮肥配施对冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响

陈传信(), 张永强, 聂石辉, 徐其江, 雷钧杰()

新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-05-21 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-03-11
通信作者: 雷钧杰(1972-),男,甘肃古浪人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培生理,(E-mail)leijunjie@sohu.com
作者简介:陈传信(1988-),男,河南商丘人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为作物高产栽培生理,(E-mail)lixp618@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002-1);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02015-1);国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-3)

Effect of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat

CHEN Chuanxin(), ZHANG Yongqiang, NIE Shihui, XU Qijiang, LEI Junjie()

Research Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2024-05-21 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2025-03-11
Supported by:
Key Research and Development Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021B02002);Key Research and Development Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021B02002-1);Key Research and Development Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02015-1);Urumqi Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Wheat Industry Technology System(CARS-3)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究微生物菌剂与氮肥配施对小麦光合特性及产量的影响。【方法】 设置微生物菌剂与氮肥配施处理的田间试验,比较不同处理小麦叶绿素SPAD值、叶面积指数、光合荧光指标及产量的变化。【结果】 不同处理间小麦叶片光合特性表现亦不同。各处理间叶绿素SPAD值、初始荧光强度、最大光化学效率差异不显著。全量氮肥与微生物菌剂配施处理PN₂叶绿素SPAD值最高,小麦开花期、灌浆期叶绿素SPAD值较未添加微生物菌剂的全量氮肥处理PN₁分别增加0.68、0.70。全量氮肥与微生物菌剂配施处理PN₂的叶面积指数最高,显著高于不施氮肥处理PN₀,开花期、灌浆期叶面积指数分别较PN₀增加了38.59%、37.70%。全量氮肥与微生物菌剂配施处理PN₂净光合速率高于PN₁、PN₃和PN₄处理,显著高于PN₀处理。全量氮肥与微生物菌剂配施处理PN₂产量最高,显著高于其他处理,分别较PN₀、PN₁、PN₃和PN₄处理增加了41.63%、9.53%、20.65%和22.70%。【结论】 全量氮肥与微生物菌剂配施处理小麦光合特性和产量综合表现最佳。

关键词: 微生物菌剂; 氮肥; 小麦; 光合特性; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 This research aims to understand the effects of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wheat. 【Methods】 Field experiments were conducted on the treatment of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer.A comparative study was conducted on the chlorophyll SPAD value, leaf area index, photosynthetic fluorescence index, and yield of wheat under different treatments. 【Results】 The photosynthetic characteristics of wheat leaves varied among different treatments.There was no significant difference in chlorophyll SPAD value, initial fluorescence intensity, and maximum photochemical efficiency among the treatments.The chlorophyll SPAD value of PN₂ was the highest in the combination treatment of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agent, and the chlorophyll SPAD value during the flowering and filling stages increased by 0.68 and 0.70, respectively, compared to the full nitrogen fertilizer treatment without microbial agent.The leaf area index of PN₂ treated with a combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents was the highest, significantly higher than that of PN₀ treated without nitrogen fertilizer.The leaf area index during the flowering and filling stages increased by 38.59% and 37.70%, respectively, compared to PN₀.The net photosynthetic rate of PN₂ treated with a combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents was higher than that of PN₁, PN₃, and PN₄ treatments, and significantly higher than that of PN₀ treatment.The combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents resulted in the highest PN₂, significantly higher than other treatments, with an increase of 41.63%, 9.53%, 20.65%, and 22.70% compared to PN₀, PN₁, PN₃, and PN₄ treatments, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The combination of full nitrogen fertilizer and microbial agents showed the best comprehensive performance in wheat photosynthetic characteristics and yield.

Key words: microbial agents; nitrogen fertilizer; wheat; photosynthetic characteristics; yield

中图分类号:

S512.1

陈传信, 张永强, 聂石辉, 徐其江, 雷钧杰. 微生物菌剂与氮肥配施对冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 68-74.

CHEN Chuanxin, ZHANG Yongqiang, NIE Shihui, XU Qijiang, LEI Junjie. Effect of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 68-74.

图/表 6

图1 不同处理下冬小麦叶片叶绿素SPAD值的变化注:图柱上字母表示同一时期不同处理间差异性(P<0.05),下同

Fig.1 Changes of different treatments on SPAD value of winter wheat Notes:The letters on the column indicate the differences between different treatments during the same period (P<0.05),the same as below

图2 不同处理下冬小麦叶面积指数的变化

Fig.2 Changes of different treatments on leaf area index in winter wheat

图3 不同处理下冬小麦叶片净光合速率的变化

Fig.3 Changes of different treatments on the net photosynthetic rate of winter wheat leaves

图4 不同处理下冬小麦叶片初始荧光强度的变化

Fig.4 Changes of different treatments on the initial fluorescence intensity of winter wheat leaves

图5 不同处理下冬小麦叶片最大光化学效率的变化

Fig.5 Changes of different treatments on the maximum photochemical efficiency of winter wheat leaves

表1 不同处理下冬小麦产量及产量构成因素的变化

Tab.1 Changes of different treatments on winter wheat yield and yield components

处理 Treat- ments	穗数 Spike number (10⁴穗/hm²)	穗粒数 (个) Grains per spike (piece)	千粒重 1000- grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
PN₀	654.80^c	37.67^b	38.04^c	8 116.90^d
PN₁	710.90^ab	42.00^a	44.87^ab	10 496.31^b
PN₂	745.95^a	43.33^a	46.34^a	11 496.31^a
PN₃	697.40^bc	40.00^ab	43.23^ab	9 528.57^c
PN₄	676.60^bc	39.33^ab	42.14^b	9 369.76^c

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微生物菌剂与氮肥配施对冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响

Effect of microbial agents combined with nitrogen fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat

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