不同春小麦品种在新疆旱作区产量形成的特征分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 13-20.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.002

• 新疆主要粮食作物绿色丰产提质增效专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

不同春小麦品种在新疆旱作区产量形成的特征分析

陈慧¹(), 张永强², 毕海燕³(), 谭军⁴, 陈传信², 徐其江², 聂石辉², 于建新⁵, 陆东⁵, 雷钧杰²()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆维吾尔自治区农村能源工作站,乌鲁木齐 830001
4.新疆农业广播电视学校,乌鲁木齐 830063
5.奇台县农业技术推广中心,新疆奇台 831800

收稿日期:2024-08-11 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-03-11
通信作者: 雷钧杰(1972-),男,甘肃古浪人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培生理,(E-mail)leijunjie@sohu.com；
毕海燕(1987-),女,甘肃人,高级农艺师,研究方向作物高产栽培,(E-mail)1063169358@qq.com
作者简介:陈慧(1998-),女,新疆人,硕士研究生,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)2570686286@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目(2022SNGGNT062);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002-1);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02001-3);国家自然科学基金项目(31960379);国家自然科学基金项目(51879267);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”人才培养项目;国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-03-88);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系项目(XJARS-01)

Yield formation characteristics of different spring wheat varieties in dryland farming area of Xinjiang

CHEN Hui¹(), ZHANG Yongqiang², BI Haiyan³(), TANJun ⁴, CHEN Chuanxin², XU Qijiang², NIE Shihui², YU Jianxin⁵, LU Dong⁵, LEI Junjie²()

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Rural Energy Workstation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China
4. Xinjiang Agricultural Radio and Television School, Urumqi 830063, China
5. Qitai County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Qitai Xinjiang 831800, China

Received:2024-08-11 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2025-03-11
Supported by:
"Three Rural" Backbone Talent Training Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022SNGGNT062);Key R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021B02002-1);Key R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02001-3);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960379);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51879267);"Tianshan Talents" Talent Training Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region;Urumqi Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Wheat Industry Technology System(CARS-03-88);Wheat Industry Technology System Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJARS-01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 筛选出适合新疆旱作区种植和推广的春小麦高产品种。【方法】 分析32个春小麦品种叶绿素含量、农艺性状以及产量之间的差异,并利用相关性、主成分和聚类分析等方法综合评价新疆春小麦耐旱性。【结果】 新春44号叶绿素含量最高,较对照品种新旱688提高11.92%;春小麦主要数量性状变异系数为6.18%~28.75%,实收产量、单株生物量、不孕小穗数和千粒重4个指标遗传变异丰富,改进潜力很大;新春44号产量最高为6 174.76 kg/hm²,较对照品种新旱688增产82.04%;实收产量与千粒重呈极显著正相关(P <0.01),均与穗粒数和穗下茎长呈显著正相关(P <0.05);在遗传距离12.5时分为5大类群,各类群性状差异明显,其中第Ⅱ类群新春44号的穗粒数和产量显著高于其他类群。【结论】 新春44号的耐旱性最强,适宜在新疆旱作区种植及推广。

关键词: 春小麦; 旱作区; 综合评价; 耐旱性

Abstract:

【Objective】 To screen out high-yield spring wheat varieties suitable for planting and promotion under rain-fed agriculture conditions in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The chlorophyll content, agronomic traits and yield of 32 spring wheat varieties were determined, and the drought tolerance of spring wheat in Xinjiang was comprehensively evaluated by analysis of variance, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. 【Results】 The chlorophyll content of Xinchun 44 was the highest, which was 11.92% higher than that of the control variety Xinhan 688. The coefficient of variation of the main quantitative traits of spring wheat ranged from 6.18% to 28.75%, and the four indexes of actual yield, biomass per plant, number of infertile spikelets and 1000-grain weight had rich genetic variation and great potential for improvement. The highest yield of Xinchun 44 was 6,174.76 kg/hm², which was 82.04% higher than that of the control variety Xinhan 688.There was a significant positive correlation between the yield and 1000-grain weight (P< 0.01), which were significantly positively correlated with the number of grains per panicle and stem length under panicle (P< 0. 05). At the genetic distance of 12.5, it was divided into five major groups, and the traits of each group were significantly different, and the number of grains per spike and the yield of group II Xinchun 44 were significantly higher than those of other groups. 【Conclusion】 Considering comprehensively, it is considered that Xinchun 44 has the strongest drought tolerance and is suitable for planting and promotion in the dryland of Xinjiang. After comprehensive consideration, it is believed that Xinchun 44 drought resistance is the strongest and is suitable for planting and promotion in dry land in Xinjiang.

Key words: spring wheat; dry farming area; comprehensive evaluation; drought tolerance

中图分类号:

S512.12

陈慧, 张永强, 毕海燕, 谭军, 陈传信, 徐其江, 聂石辉, 于建新, 陆东, 雷钧杰. 不同春小麦品种在新疆旱作区产量形成的特征分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 13-20.

CHEN Hui, ZHANG Yongqiang, BI Haiyan, TANJun , CHEN Chuanxin, XU Qijiang, NIE Shihui, YU Jianxin, LU Dong, LEI Junjie. Yield formation characteristics of different spring wheat varieties in dryland farming area of Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 13-20.

图/表 7

参考文献 19

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摘要

性状 Traits	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	变异系数 CV(%)
株高 Plant height(cm)	69.14	114.43	93.70	11.00
穗长 Spike length(cm)	8.27	12.16	9.96	10.63
穗下茎长 Length of top first internode(cm)	17.13	50.80	32.76	15.49
倒二叶节间长 Length of top 2nd internode(cm)	9.76	26.65	21.05	16.67
总小穗数 Number of spikelets(个)	15.70	21.08	17.63	6.18
不孕小穗数 Number of sterile spikelets (个)	2.23	5.83	3.85	25.17
单株生物量 Biomass per plant(g)	0.57	2.90	1.39	27.11
穗数 Number of productive ears (10⁴ /hm²)	404.88	782.50	95.40	16.40
穗粒数 Grain number per ear(个)	21.50	37.20	29.42	13.98
千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)	3.48	38.15	23.90	22.80
实收产量 Harvested yield (kg/hm²)	1 526.14	6 174.76	471.06	28.75

性状 Traits	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	变异系数 CV(%)
株高 Plant height(cm)	69.14	114.43	93.70	11.00
穗长 Spike length(cm)	8.27	12.16	9.96	10.63
穗下茎长 Length of top first internode(cm)	17.13	50.80	32.76	15.49
倒二叶节间长 Length of top 2nd internode(cm)	9.76	26.65	21.05	16.67
总小穗数 Number of spikelets(个)	15.70	21.08	17.63	6.18
不孕小穗数 Number of sterile spikelets (个)	2.23	5.83	3.85	25.17
单株生物量 Biomass per plant(g)	0.57	2.90	1.39	27.11
穗数 Number of productive ears (10⁴ /hm²)	404.88	782.50	95.40	16.40
穗粒数 Grain number per ear(个)	21.50	37.20	29.42	13.98
千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)	3.48	38.15	23.90	22.80
实收产量 Harvested yield (kg/hm²)	1 526.14	6 174.76	471.06	28.75

品种 Varieties	有效穗数 Number of productive ears (10⁴ /hm²)	穗粒数 Grain number per ear	千粒重 1000- grain weight (g)	实收产量 Harvested yield (kg/hm²)
龙麦60 Long mai 60	546.82ⁱ	22.98^q	22.41^jk	2 269.95^no
新春44号 Xinchun 44	632.50^fg	36.70^a	29.39^c	6174.76^a
粮春142 Liangchun 142	547.50ⁱ	34.88^b	21.75^k	3 686.75^fg
龙垦401 Longken 401	483.00^k	31.70^def	25.17^fgh	3 040.02^kl
陇春30号 Longchun 30	742.50^b	31.20^efgh	14.71^o	3 010.58^kl
龙麦16 Longmai 14	705.00^c	25.80^lmn	17.74ⁿ	2 868.95^l
龙垦403 Longken 403	535.00^ij	33.20^cd	24.04^hi	3 328.82^hij
陇春41 Longchun 41	457.50^klm	26.60^lm	35.56^b	3 817.25^efg
龙麦96 Longmai 96	472.00^kl	33.10^cd	38.15^a	5 060.03^b
克春14109 Kechun 14109	645.00^efg	28.20^jk	24.97^fgh	4 177.75^d
龙麦67Longmai 67	660.00^def	25.30^mno	26.67^de	3 854.75^efg
蒙麦33Mengmai 33	692.50^c	25.40^mno	15.26^o	2 406.88ⁿ
新旱688Xinhan 688	652.50^ef	25.7^lmno	21.72^k	3 392.02^hi
龙麦33Longmai 33	627.50^fg	27.10^kl	29.05^c	4 320.15^d
克春120833 Kechun 120833	615.00^g	24.80^nop	23.02^ij	2 648.41^m
克春4号 Kechun 4	642.50^efg	29.70^hij	26.79^de	4 517.62^c
陇春27 Longchun 27	672.50^cde	32.50^cde	25.59^efg	4 891.49^b
定西40Dingxi 40	626.00^fg	37.20^a	15.89^o	3 170.82^jk
龙春35Longchun 35	580.00^h	30.17^fghi	27.77^d	4 352.49^cd
龙麦36Longmai 36	627.50^fg	29.90^ghi	13.48^p	2 200.48^o
蒙麦22Mengmai 22	558.50^hi	31.80^def	26.34^ef	3 257.75^ij
克春130892 Kechun 130892	557.50^hi	31.40^efg	25.57^efg	3 865.35^ef
陇春44号 Longchun 44	701.50^c	33.50^bc	17.54ⁿ	3 663.92^g
龙麦77Longmai 77	512.50^j	30.80^fghi	29.75^c	3 987.75^e
克春140243 Kechun 140243	687.50^cd	23.50^pq	21.49^k	2 588.28^m
核春115Hechun 115	655.00^ef	29.20^ij	25.52^efg	4 236.09^d
垦红14Kenhong 14	782.50^a	24.11^opq	20.20^l	3 458.68^h
龙春86 Longchun 86	404.88ⁿ	29.49^ij	18.97^m	1 790.27^p
龙春92 Longchun 92	447.50^lm	21.50^r	25.07^fgh	1 526.14^q
陇春8139 Longchun 8139	457.50^klm	36.80^a	24.82^gh	2 899.75^l
陇春35 Longchun 35	697.50^c	27.30^kl	25.22^fgh	4 307.89^d
龙麦87 Longmai 87	427.50^mn	29.90^ghi	25.06^fgh	2 302.21^no

品种 Varieties	有效穗数 Number of productive ears (10⁴ /hm²)	穗粒数 Grain number per ear	千粒重 1000- grain weight (g)	实收产量 Harvested yield (kg/hm²)
龙麦60 Long mai 60	546.82ⁱ	22.98^q	22.41^jk	2 269.95^no
新春44号 Xinchun 44	632.50^fg	36.70^a	29.39^c	6174.76^a
粮春142 Liangchun 142	547.50ⁱ	34.88^b	21.75^k	3 686.75^fg
龙垦401 Longken 401	483.00^k	31.70^def	25.17^fgh	3 040.02^kl
陇春30号 Longchun 30	742.50^b	31.20^efgh	14.71^o	3 010.58^kl
龙麦16 Longmai 14	705.00^c	25.80^lmn	17.74ⁿ	2 868.95^l
龙垦403 Longken 403	535.00^ij	33.20^cd	24.04^hi	3 328.82^hij
陇春41 Longchun 41	457.50^klm	26.60^lm	35.56^b	3 817.25^efg
龙麦96 Longmai 96	472.00^kl	33.10^cd	38.15^a	5 060.03^b
克春14109 Kechun 14109	645.00^efg	28.20^jk	24.97^fgh	4 177.75^d
龙麦67Longmai 67	660.00^def	25.30^mno	26.67^de	3 854.75^efg
蒙麦33Mengmai 33	692.50^c	25.40^mno	15.26^o	2 406.88ⁿ
新旱688Xinhan 688	652.50^ef	25.7^lmno	21.72^k	3 392.02^hi
龙麦33Longmai 33	627.50^fg	27.10^kl	29.05^c	4 320.15^d
克春120833 Kechun 120833	615.00^g	24.80^nop	23.02^ij	2 648.41^m
克春4号 Kechun 4	642.50^efg	29.70^hij	26.79^de	4 517.62^c
陇春27 Longchun 27	672.50^cde	32.50^cde	25.59^efg	4 891.49^b
定西40Dingxi 40	626.00^fg	37.20^a	15.89^o	3 170.82^jk
龙春35Longchun 35	580.00^h	30.17^fghi	27.77^d	4 352.49^cd
龙麦36Longmai 36	627.50^fg	29.90^ghi	13.48^p	2 200.48^o
蒙麦22Mengmai 22	558.50^hi	31.80^def	26.34^ef	3 257.75^ij
克春130892 Kechun 130892	557.50^hi	31.40^efg	25.57^efg	3 865.35^ef
陇春44号 Longchun 44	701.50^c	33.50^bc	17.54ⁿ	3 663.92^g
龙麦77Longmai 77	512.50^j	30.80^fghi	29.75^c	3 987.75^e
克春140243 Kechun 140243	687.50^cd	23.50^pq	21.49^k	2 588.28^m
核春115Hechun 115	655.00^ef	29.20^ij	25.52^efg	4 236.09^d
垦红14Kenhong 14	782.50^a	24.11^opq	20.20^l	3 458.68^h
龙春86 Longchun 86	404.88ⁿ	29.49^ij	18.97^m	1 790.27^p
龙春92 Longchun 92	447.50^lm	21.50^r	25.07^fgh	1 526.14^q
陇春8139 Longchun 8139	457.50^klm	36.80^a	24.82^gh	2 899.75^l
陇春35 Longchun 35	697.50^c	27.30^kl	25.22^fgh	4 307.89^d
龙麦87 Longmai 87	427.50^mn	29.90^ghi	25.06^fgh	2 302.21^no

主成分 Principal component	初始特征值 Initial eigenvalue			提取平方和载入 Extract the sum of squares and load
主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalue	方差百分比 Percentage of variance (%)	累积总方差贡献率 Cumulative total variance contribution rate(%)	特征值 Eigenvalue	方差百分比 Percentage of variance (%)	累积总方差贡献率 Cumulative total variance contribution rate(%)
1(PC₁)	3.15	28.63	28.63	3.15	28.63	28.63
2(PC₂)	2.26	20.54	49.17	2.26	20.54	49.17
3(PC₃)	1.56	14.16	63.33	1.56	14.16	63.33
4(PC₄)	1.30	11.81	75.15	1.30	11.81	75.15
5	0.91	8.29	83.44
6	0.60	5.48	88.91
7	0.46	4.19	93.11
8	0.42	3.78	96.89
9	0.23	2.05	98.94
10	0.09	0.81	99.75
11	0.03	0.25	100.00

不同春小麦品种在新疆旱作区产量形成的特征分析

Yield formation characteristics of different spring wheat varieties in dryland farming area of Xinjiang

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参考文献 19

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Metrics

品种 Varieties	主成分1 Component 1	主成分2 Component 2	主成分3 Component 3	主成分4 Component 4	综合得分 Composite score	排序 Order
新春44号Xinchun 44	3.81	-1.90	2.46	1.38	1.21	1
龙麦36 Longmai 36	-1.17	4.98	2.16	1.22	1.14	2
龙春35Longchun 35	3.85	0.56	0.11	-1.26	1.08	3
陇春8139Longchun 8139	1.96	2.37	-0.31	0.41	1.06	4
龙麦77Longmai 77	1.27	1.37	-0.59	1.14	0.70	5
克春130892Kechun 130892	1.05	0.88	0.28	1.02	0.64	6
定西40Dingxi 40	1.58	0.50	0.61	-0.53	0.58	7
蒙麦22Mengmai 22	1.61	0.75	-0.15	-0.31	0.56	8
龙麦96Longmai 96	1.74	-0.62	-1.89	2.02	0.34	9
龙垦401Longken 401	0.53	0.41	-0.45	0.73	0.26	10
陇春27Longchun 27	1.07	-0.63	0.87	-0.37	0.26	11
龙麦87Longmai 87	0.08	1.49	-1.58	0.76	0.20	12
克春14109Kechun 14109	0.14	0.95	0.02	-0.45	0.19	13
克春4号Kechun 4	1.17	-0.58	-0.07	-0.77	0.11	14
龙垦403Longken 403	0.15	-0.27	-0.21	0.17	-0.02	15
陇春44号Longchun 44	-1.39	-0.91	2.13	1.87	-0.06	16
龙春86Longchun 86	-0.15	1.62	-2.19	-0.71	-0.10	17
垦红14Kenhong 14	-0.88	0.45	1.68	-1.98	-0.15	18
粮春142Liangchun 142	-0.11	-1.86	0.53	1.40	-0.17	19
龙麦16Longmai 16	-1.61	0.76	1.29	-0.83	-0.22	20
陇春35Longchun 35	0.65	-0.84	-0.28	-1.60	-0.22	21
克春120833Kechun 120833	-0.07	-0.35	-0.39	-1.10	-0.28	22
核春115Hechun 115	-0.24	-1.72	0.54	0.20	-0.32	23
龙麦67Longmai 67	0.53	-1.30	-0.35	-1.39	-0.33	24
龙麦33Longmai 33	0.36	-1.94	-0.18	-0.18	-0.34	25
新旱688Xinhan 688	-1.91	-0.46	0.98	0.16	-0.48	26
克春140243Kechun 140243	-1.10	0.35	-0.08	-1.94	-0.48	27
陇春30号Longchun 30	-1.58	-1.29	1.36	0.33	-0.49	28
龙麦60Longmai 60	-0.78	-0.62	-1.15	-1.29	-0.67	29
龙春92Longchun 92	-2.89	1.47	-2.13	0.72	-0.74	30
陇春41Longchun 41	-1.12	-2.24	-2.36	1.79	-0.90	31
蒙麦33Mengmai 33	-5.56	-0.62	0.39	0.16	-1.65	32

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