新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 13-20.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.002

• 新疆主要粮食作物绿色丰产提质增效专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同春小麦品种在新疆旱作区产量形成的特征分析

陈慧1(), 张永强2, 毕海燕3(), 谭军4, 陈传信2, 徐其江2, 聂石辉2, 于建新5, 陆东5, 雷钧杰2()   

  1. 1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
    3.新疆维吾尔自治区农村能源工作站,乌鲁木齐 830001
    4.新疆农业广播电视学校,乌鲁木齐 830063
    5.奇台县农业技术推广中心,新疆奇台 831800
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-11 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-03-11
  • 通信作者: 雷钧杰(1972-),男,甘肃古浪人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培生理,(E-mail)leijunjie@sohu.com
    毕海燕(1987-),女,甘肃人,高级农艺师,研究方向作物高产栽培,(E-mail)1063169358@qq.com
  • 作者简介:陈慧(1998-),女,新疆人,硕士研究生,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)2570686286@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目(2022SNGGNT062);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002-1);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02001-3);国家自然科学基金项目(31960379);国家自然科学基金项目(51879267);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”人才培养项目;国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-03-88);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系项目(XJARS-01)

Yield formation characteristics of different spring wheat varieties in dryland farming area of Xinjiang

CHEN Hui1(), ZHANG Yongqiang2, BI Haiyan3(), TANJun 4, CHEN Chuanxin2, XU Qijiang2, NIE Shihui2, YU Jianxin5, LU Dong5, LEI Junjie2()   

  1. 1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
    2. Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
    3. Rural Energy Workstation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, China
    4. Xinjiang Agricultural Radio and Television School, Urumqi 830063, China
    5. Qitai County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Qitai Xinjiang 831800, China
  • Received:2024-08-11 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2025-03-11
  • Supported by:
    "Three Rural" Backbone Talent Training Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022SNGGNT062);Key R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021B02002-1);Key R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02001-3);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960379);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51879267);"Tianshan Talents" Talent Training Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region;Urumqi Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Wheat Industry Technology System(CARS-03-88);Wheat Industry Technology System Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJARS-01)

摘要:

【目的】 筛选出适合新疆旱作区种植和推广的春小麦高产品种。【方法】 分析32个春小麦品种叶绿素含量、农艺性状以及产量之间的差异,并利用相关性、主成分和聚类分析等方法综合评价新疆春小麦耐旱性。【结果】 新春44号叶绿素含量最高,较对照品种新旱688提高11.92%;春小麦主要数量性状变异系数为6.18%~28.75%,实收产量、单株生物量、不孕小穗数和千粒重4个指标遗传变异丰富,改进潜力很大;新春44号产量最高为6 174.76 kg/hm2,较对照品种新旱688增产82.04%;实收产量与千粒重呈极显著正相关(P <0.01),均与穗粒数和穗下茎长呈显著正相关(P <0.05);在遗传距离12.5时分为5大类群,各类群性状差异明显,其中第Ⅱ类群新春44号的穗粒数和产量显著高于其他类群。【结论】 新春44号的耐旱性最强,适宜在新疆旱作区种植及推广。

关键词: 春小麦; 旱作区; 综合评价; 耐旱性

Abstract:

【Objective】 To screen out high-yield spring wheat varieties suitable for planting and promotion under rain-fed agriculture conditions in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The chlorophyll content, agronomic traits and yield of 32 spring wheat varieties were determined, and the drought tolerance of spring wheat in Xinjiang was comprehensively evaluated by analysis of variance, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. 【Results】 The chlorophyll content of Xinchun 44 was the highest, which was 11.92% higher than that of the control variety Xinhan 688. The coefficient of variation of the main quantitative traits of spring wheat ranged from 6.18% to 28.75%, and the four indexes of actual yield, biomass per plant, number of infertile spikelets and 1000-grain weight had rich genetic variation and great potential for improvement. The highest yield of Xinchun 44 was 6,174.76 kg/hm2, which was 82.04% higher than that of the control variety Xinhan 688.There was a significant positive correlation between the yield and 1000-grain weight (P< 0.01), which were significantly positively correlated with the number of grains per panicle and stem length under panicle (P< 0. 05). At the genetic distance of 12.5, it was divided into five major groups, and the traits of each group were significantly different, and the number of grains per spike and the yield of group II Xinchun 44 were significantly higher than those of other groups. 【Conclusion】 Considering comprehensively, it is considered that Xinchun 44 has the strongest drought tolerance and is suitable for planting and promotion in the dryland of Xinjiang. After comprehensive consideration, it is believed that Xinchun 44 drought resistance is the strongest and is suitable for planting and promotion in dry land in Xinjiang.

Key words: spring wheat; dry farming area; comprehensive evaluation; drought tolerance

中图分类号: 


ISSN 1001-4330 CN 65-1097/S
邮发代号:58-18
国外代号:BM3342
主管:新疆农业科学院
主办:新疆农业科学院 新疆农业大学 新疆农学会

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