水氮耦合对斜坡滴灌春小麦冠层结构及光合速率的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.010

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 75-86.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.010

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

水氮耦合对斜坡滴灌春小麦冠层结构及光合速率的影响

王子健¹(), 李刘龙², 赵焰辉¹, 徐林峰¹, 邱治中¹, 李召锋¹, 雷钧杰³, 王笑², 万文亮¹(), 姜东¹^,²()

1.石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832003
2.南京农业大学农学院/农业农村部小麦区域技术创新中心,南京 210000
3.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-07-21 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-03-11
通信作者: 姜东(1970-),男,江苏南京人,教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为作物栽培与生理,(E-mail)jiangd@njau.edu.cn；
万文亮(1993-),男,副教授,博士,研究方向为小麦高产生理生态,(E-mail)Wanwl@shzu.edu.cn
作者简介:王子健(1999-),男,安徽巢湖人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物栽培,(E-mail)1281459828@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业省部共建国家重点实验室开放课题;绿洲生态农业兵团重点实验室开发课题发展基金;斜坡模式下小麦行间籽粒品质分布特征的生理生化机制(202301);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002-1);石河子大学高层次人才启动项目(RCZK202466)

Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on canopy structure and photosynthetic rate of slope drip irrigated spring wheat

WANG Zijian¹(), LI Liulong², ZHAO Yanhui¹, XU Linfeng¹, QIU Zhizhong¹, LI Zhaofeng¹, LEI Junjie³, WANG Xiao², WAN Wenliang¹(), JIANG Dong¹^,²()

1. Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China
2. College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University/Wheat Regional Technology Innovation Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
3. Research Institute of Grain Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,MOARA,Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2024-07-21 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2025-03-11
Supported by:
Open project of the National Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture Co-built by Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and the Ministry;Oasis Ecological Agriculture Corps Key Laboratory Development Project Development Fund;Physiological and Biochemical Mechanism of Grain Quality Distribution Characteristics of Wheat Between Rows in Slope Mode(202301);Key R&D Program of the Autonomous Region(2021B02002);Key R&D Program of the Autonomous Region(2021B02002-1);High-Level Talent Start-up Project by Shihezi University(RCZK202466)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究水氮耦合效应及其对春小麦冠层结构和光合速率的影响,为斜坡种植模式的节本高效生产提供水氮管理策略和理论依据。【方法】 以新春44号为供试材料,设置TR6H和TR8H(一条滴灌带位于坡顶,分别供应6行和8行小麦水分,斜坡坡面斜度为15度)2种模式;设置W₃、W₂和W₁(4 500、4 050和3 600 m³/hm²)3个灌水额度和N₃、N₂、N₁和N₀(300、270、240和0 kg/(N·hm²))4个施氮量水平,其中W₃N₃为对照(常规水氮处理)。【结果】 TR6H开花期的株高、茎蘖数、叶面积指数、冠层光截获辐射率和光合速率均高于TR8H。株高和冠层光辐射截获的总体趋势表现为(W₃和W₂)>W₁,(N₃和N₂)>N₁>N₀的趋势,而叶角则呈相反的趋势,低水低氮处理叶角越大。叶面积指数和净光合速率总体趋势表现为W₃>W₂>W₁、N₂>N₃>N₁>N₀。相较于常规水氮处理(W₃N₃),TR6H和TR8H 2种模式均显著提高了冠层光截获辐射率和光合速率,增幅分别为3.6%~4.9%和3.9%~10.2%。【结论】 斜坡模式下合理的水氮耦合会优化冠层结构,通过保持较高的茎蘖数和叶面积指数,获得较高的光合有效辐射截获率,同时具有较高的株高和紧凑的株型保持了一定的漏光损失量。筛选出模式为TR6H,水氮处理为W₃N₂。

关键词: 春小麦; 斜坡滴灌; 水氮耦合; 冠层结构; 光合速率

Abstract:

【Objective】 Study the coupling effect of water and nitrogen and its effects on the canopy structure and photosynthetic rate of spring wheat on the basis of the slope drip irrigation wheat planting model, so as to provide a water and nitrogen management strategy and theoretical basis for the cost-saving and efficient production of slope planting mode. 【Methods】 Xinchun 44 was used as the test material, and two modes were set up: TR6H and TR8H (a drip irrigation belt was located at the top of the slope, which was supplied 6 rows and 8 rows of wheat moisture, respectively, and the slope was 15 degrees). W₃, W₂, W₁ (4,500, 4,050, 3,600 m³/hm²) irrigation rates and N₃, N₂, N₁, N₀ (300, 270, 240, 0 kg/(N·hm²)) nitrogen application levels were set, and W₃N₃ was the control (conventional water and nitrogen treatment). 【Results】 The plant height, stem tiller number, leaf area index, canopy light interception emissivity and photosynthetic rate of TR6H were higher than those of TR8H at the flowering stage. The general trend of plant height and canopy light radiation interception was (W₃ and W₂) >W₁, (N₃ and N₂) > the trend of N₁ > N₀, while the leaf angle showed the opposite trend, namely the leaf angle of the low-water and low-nitrogen treatment was larger. The overall trend of leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate was W₃> W₂> W₁, N₂> N₃> N₁> N₀. Compared with the conventional water and nitrogen treatment (W₃N₃), the two modes of TR6H and TR8H significantly increased the canopy light interception emissivity and photosynthetic rate, with an increase of 3.6%-4.9% and 3.9%-10.2%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The reasonable coupling of water and nitrogen under the slope mode can optimize the canopy structure and obtain a higher photosynthetically active radiation interception rate by maintaining a high stem tiller number and leaf area index, while keeping a certain amount of light leakage loss with a high plant height and compact plant type. TR6H is recommended for comprehensive consideration mode, and W₃N₂ is recommended for water and nitrogen treatment.

Key words: spring wheat; slope drip irrigation; water and nitrogen coupling; canopy structure; photosynthetic rate

中图分类号:

S512.1+2

王子健, 李刘龙, 赵焰辉, 徐林峰, 邱治中, 李召锋, 雷钧杰, 王笑, 万文亮, 姜东. 水氮耦合对斜坡滴灌春小麦冠层结构及光合速率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 75-86.

WANG Zijian, LI Liulong, ZHAO Yanhui, XU Linfeng, QIU Zhizhong, LI Zhaofeng, LEI Junjie, WANG Xiao, WAN Wenliang, JIANG Dong. Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on canopy structure and photosynthetic rate of slope drip irrigated spring wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 75-86.

图/表 10

参考文献 30

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处理 Treatments		TR6H			TR8H
处理 Treatments		2021	2022	2023	2021	2022	2023
W₃	N₃	87.7^a	85.2^a	91^a	81.3^a	74.8^a	84.2^a
	N₂	88.3^a	84.9^a	92.4^a	79.3^a	75.1^a	84.1^a
	N₁	84.5^bc	83.7^ab	86.7^b	76.6^b	71.3^b	82.4^b
	N₀		74.2^d	76.2^d		62.6^e	69.3^d
W₂	N₃	87.4^a	83.5^ab	92.4^a	80.8^a	70.9^b	84.5^a
	N₂	85.2^b	83.6^ab	91^a	76.6^b	71.8^b	81.1^b
	N₁	83.1^cd	82.1^bc	84.4^c	73.3^cd	69^c	81.4^b
	N₀		71.7^e	73.6^e		61^f	68.8^d
W₁	N₃	84^bc	82.2^bc	87.6^b	75.6^bc	68.4^c	82^b
	N₂	83.9^bc	82.8^b	88.2^b	72.3^d	69^c	78.6^c
	N₁	82^d	80.7^c	83.5^c	69^e	66.2^d	77.2^c
	N₀		67.1^f	71^f		58^g	65^e
F	灌水量(W)	47.7^**	41^**	39.4^**	47.6^**	186.5^**	63.2^**
	施氮量(N)	42.4^**	323.2^**	442.5^**	38.8^**	505.8^**	486.1^**
	W×N	3.9^*	3.9^**	2.6^*	0.7	1.9	2.6^*

处理 Treatments		TR6H			TR8H
处理 Treatments		2021	2022	2023	2021	2022	2023
W₃	N₃	87.7^a	85.2^a	91^a	81.3^a	74.8^a	84.2^a
	N₂	88.3^a	84.9^a	92.4^a	79.3^a	75.1^a	84.1^a
	N₁	84.5^bc	83.7^ab	86.7^b	76.6^b	71.3^b	82.4^b
	N₀		74.2^d	76.2^d		62.6^e	69.3^d
W₂	N₃	87.4^a	83.5^ab	92.4^a	80.8^a	70.9^b	84.5^a
	N₂	85.2^b	83.6^ab	91^a	76.6^b	71.8^b	81.1^b
	N₁	83.1^cd	82.1^bc	84.4^c	73.3^cd	69^c	81.4^b
	N₀		71.7^e	73.6^e		61^f	68.8^d
W₁	N₃	84^bc	82.2^bc	87.6^b	75.6^bc	68.4^c	82^b
	N₂	83.9^bc	82.8^b	88.2^b	72.3^d	69^c	78.6^c
	N₁	82^d	80.7^c	83.5^c	69^e	66.2^d	77.2^c
	N₀		67.1^f	71^f		58^g	65^e
F	灌水量(W)	47.7^**	41^**	39.4^**	47.6^**	186.5^**	63.2^**
	施氮量(N)	42.4^**	323.2^**	442.5^**	38.8^**	505.8^**	486.1^**
	W×N	3.9^*	3.9^**	2.6^*	0.7	1.9	2.6^*

处理 Treatments		TR6H		TR8H
处理 Treatments		2022	2023	2022	2023
W₃	N₃	25.4^fg	30^de	27.7^e	31.8^e
	N₂	25.9^fg	28.5^e	25.1^f	29.4^f
	N₁	31.3^de	32.3^cd	28.4^e	33.8^d
	N₀	37.6^b	34.2^bc	34.2^ab	35.2^cd
W₂	N₃	26.8^f	27.9^e	30.8^cd	30.5^ef
	N₂	24.5^g	29.2^e	28.5^e	27.3^g
	N₁	32.2^de	30.2^de	29.2^de	34.2^cd
	N₀	37.6^b	34.9^ab	35.1^a	37.7^ab
W₁	N₃	33.2^cd	32.7^bc	30.8^cd	31.6^e
	N₂	30.9^e	32.1^cd	31.6^c	36.2^bc
	N₁	34.5^c	32.2^cd	32.4^bc	35.1^cd
	N₀	41.1^a	36.6^a	35.3^a	39.4^a
F	灌水量(W)	62^**	21.8^**	30.5^**	30.7^**
	施氮量(N)	170.5^**	41^**	53^**	68.7^**
	W×N	3.4^*	3.3^*	3.8^**	11.6^**

处理 Treatments		TR6H		TR8H
处理 Treatments		2022	2023	2022	2023
W₃	N₃	25.4^fg	30^de	27.7^e	31.8^e
	N₂	25.9^fg	28.5^e	25.1^f	29.4^f
	N₁	31.3^de	32.3^cd	28.4^e	33.8^d
	N₀	37.6^b	34.2^bc	34.2^ab	35.2^cd
W₂	N₃	26.8^f	27.9^e	30.8^cd	30.5^ef
	N₂	24.5^g	29.2^e	28.5^e	27.3^g
	N₁	32.2^de	30.2^de	29.2^de	34.2^cd
	N₀	37.6^b	34.9^ab	35.1^a	37.7^ab
W₁	N₃	33.2^cd	32.7^bc	30.8^cd	31.6^e
	N₂	30.9^e	32.1^cd	31.6^c	36.2^bc
	N₁	34.5^c	32.2^cd	32.4^bc	35.1^cd
	N₀	41.1^a	36.6^a	35.3^a	39.4^a
F	灌水量(W)	62^**	21.8^**	30.5^**	30.7^**
	施氮量(N)	170.5^**	41^**	53^**	68.7^**
	W×N	3.4^*	3.3^*	3.8^**	11.6^**

处理 Treatments		TR6H			TR8H
处理 Treatments		2021	2022	2023	2021	2022	2023
W₃	N₃	568.3^bc	585.8^a	585^bc	554.7^b	552^a	545.3^b
	N₂	599.2^a	570.8^bc	592.5^ab	572^a	548^a	571.3^a
	N₁	554.2^d	561.7^cd	567.5^d	549.3^c	531.3^b	540^b
	N₀		543.3^e	545.8^f		500^ef	537.3^b
W₂	N₃	595^a	590.8^a	597.5^a	540^d	526.7^b	577.3^a
	N₂	580.8^b	595.8^a	583.3^c	546.7^c	518.7^c	570^a
	N₁	560.8^cd	575^b	565^de	510.7^f	502.7^def	522.7^cd
	N₀		539.2^e	527.5^g		495.3^fg	516.7^d
W₁	N₃	552.5^d	565.8^bcd	577.5^c	510.7^f	509.3^d	538.7^b
	N₂	557.5^cd	562.5^cd	568.3^d	518^e	505.3^de	527.3^c
	N₁	534.2^e	555.8^d	559.2^e	507.3^f	497.3^efg	505.3^e
	N₀		527.5^f	510^h		490^g	507.3^e
F	灌水量(W)	45.2^**	45.8^**	54.8^**	600.3^**	150.5^**	144.6^**
	施氮量(N)	38.9^**	108.5^**	295.3^**	147^**	96.9^**	155.9^**
	W×N	7.4^**	4.3^**	9.1^**	24.7^**	9.4^**	25.3^**

水氮耦合对斜坡滴灌春小麦冠层结构及光合速率的影响

Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on canopy structure and photosynthetic rate of slope drip irrigated spring wheat

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处理 Treatments	3叶1心 Three-leaf stage(%)	拔节期 Jointing stage(%)	孕穗期 Booting stage(%)	开花期 Anthesis(%)	乳熟期 Early milk stage(%)	乳熟末期 Late milk stage(%)
灌水Irrigation	15	20	20	20	15	10
施氮Nitrogen	15	35	25	15	10	0

处理 Treatments	3叶1心 Three-leaf stage(%)	拔节期 Jointing stage(%)	孕穗期 Booting stage(%)	开花期 Anthesis(%)	乳熟期 Early milk stage(%)	乳熟末期 Late milk stage(%)
灌水Irrigation	15	20	20	20	15	10
施氮Nitrogen	15	35	25	15	10	0