综合评价不同灌溉处理对长绒棉生长及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.019

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 161-173.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.01.019

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

综合评价不同灌溉处理对长绒棉生长及产量的影响

杜亚隆¹^,²(), 付秋萍¹^,², 艾鹏睿¹^,², 马英杰¹^,²(), 祁通³, 潘洋¹^,²

1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
3.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-07-28 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-03-11
通信作者: 马英杰(1969-),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为灌溉排水,(E-mail) xj-myj@163.com
作者简介:杜亚隆(1999-),男,河南新乡人,硕士研究生,研究方向为节水灌溉,(E-mail)duyalong017@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2022B02009-3);新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目(2022SNGGGCC016);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-2)

Comprehensive evaluation of irrigation treatment based on the growth and yield of drip-irrigated Gossypium barbadense

DU Yalong¹^,²(), FU Qiuping¹^,², AI Pengrui¹^,², MA Yingjie¹^,²(), QI Tong³, PAN Yang¹^,²

1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052 China
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention,Urumqi 830052, China
3. Research Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2024-07-28 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2025-03-11
Supported by:
The key R & D of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02009-3);"Three Rural Issues" Backbone Training Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022SNGGGCC016);Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020A01002-2)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 探究新疆南疆机采长绒棉不同土壤水分上下限对其生长及产量的影响,为长绒棉田间用水管理提供理论依据。【方法】 以长绒棉为研究对象,设置2年大田试验,2021年3个灌水下限分别为50%、60%和70%田间持水量(FC),3个灌水上限80%、90%和100% FC及其不同组合的8个处理(Wa-1~Wa-8);2022年设置灌水上限为90% FC,在蕾期设置3个灌水下限分别为55%、65%和75% FC,花铃期设置3个灌水下限为60%、70%和80% FC完全组合的9个处理(Wb-1~Wb-9)。基于不同灌溉方案下生长指标、产量构成及水分利用效率等的差异,采用AHP-EWM-RSR综合评价法选取较优的试验处理。【结果】 增大蕾期灌水下限长绒棉株高和茎粗显著提升;花铃期70% FC的灌水下限有利于提高长绒棉产量和水分利用效率,而收获密度差异不显著,其中Wb-5处理(蕾期灌水上下限65%FC~90%FC,花铃期灌水上下限70%FC~90%FC)籽棉产量为6.33 t/hm²,较CK-2提高10.86%,其水分利用效率提高73.17%。【结论】 蕾期灌水上下限为65%~90% FC,花铃期灌水上下限为70%~90% FC,可促进生长并提高长绒棉籽棉产量和水分利用效率。

关键词: 长绒棉; 灌水上下限; 产量; AHP-EWM-RSR综合评价法; 水分利用效率

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effects of different upper and lower limits of soil moisture on the growth and yield of machine-harvested Gossypium barbadense in Southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing theoretical basis for field water management of the crop. 【Methods】 A two-year field experiment was carried out with Gossypium barbadense as the research object. In 2021, three irrigation lower limits were set as 50%, 60% and 70% field water holding capacity (FC), three irrigation upper limits were set as 80 %, 90% and 100% FC and eight treatments of different combinations (Wa-1-Wa-8). In 2022, the irrigation upper limit was set at 90% FC, three irrigation lower limits were set at 55 %, 65 % and 75 % FC in bud stage, and three irrigation lower limits were set at 60%, 70% and 80% FC in flower and boll stage. Nine treatments (Wb-1-Wb-9) were completely combined. Based on the difference of growth indexes, yield composition and water use efficiency under different irrigation schemes, the better experimental treatment was selected by AHP-EWM-RSR comprehensive evaluation method. 【Results】 The results showed that the increase of irrigation lower limit at bud stage significantly increased plant height and stem diameter. The irrigation lower limit of 70 % FC at flowering and boll stage was beneficial to increase yield and water use efficiency, and there was no significant difference in harvest density. The seed cotton yield of Wb-5 treatment (65 % FC-90 % FC at bud stage and 70% FC-90% FC at flowering and boll stage) was 6.33 t / hm², which was 10.86 % higher than that of CK-2, and its water use efficiency was 73.17% higher than that of CK-2. 【Conclusion】 Bud stage are 65% -90% FC, and the upper and lower limits of irrigation at flower and boll stage are 70 % -90 % FC, which can promote growth and increase yield and water use efficiency.

Key words: Gossypium barbadense; upper and lower limits of irrigation; yield; AHP-EWM-RSR comprehensive evaluation method; water use efficiency

中图分类号:

S562

杜亚隆, 付秋萍, 艾鹏睿, 马英杰, 祁通, 潘洋. 综合评价不同灌溉处理对长绒棉生长及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 161-173.

DU Yalong, FU Qiuping, AI Pengrui, MA Yingjie, QI Tong, PAN Yang. Comprehensive evaluation of irrigation treatment based on the growth and yield of drip-irrigated Gossypium barbadense[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(1): 161-173.

图/表 12

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土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	土壤容重 Volume weight of soil (g/cm³)	播前初始含水率 Initial moisture content before sowing (cm³/cm³)	田间持水量 Field capacity (cm³/cm³)
0~10	1.45	23.25	29.51
10~20	1.46	15.55	29.68
20~30	1.47	15.03	29.91
30~40	1.49	14.19	30.40
40~60	1.48	15.60	30.26
60~80	1.41	15.46	24.37
80~100	1.39	11.03	16.31

土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	土壤容重 Volume weight of soil (g/cm³)	播前初始含水率 Initial moisture content before sowing (cm³/cm³)	田间持水量 Field capacity (cm³/cm³)
0~10	1.45	23.25	29.51
10~20	1.46	15.55	29.68
20~30	1.47	15.03	29.91
30~40	1.49	14.19	30.40
40~60	1.48	15.60	30.26
60~80	1.41	15.46	24.37
80~100	1.39	11.03	16.31

年份 Years	处理 Treatments	灌水上下限(占FC百分比) Upper and lower limits of irrigation(Percentage of FC)		灌水定额 Irrigation quota(mm)
年份 Years	处理 Treatments	蕾期 Bud period (%)	花铃期 Blooming period (%)	苗期 Seedling stage	蕾期 Bud period	花铃期 Blooming period	吐絮期 Flocculation period
2021	Wa-1	50~80	50~80	15	25	39	0
	Wa-2	50~90	50~90	15	34	52	0
	Wa-3	50~100	50~100	15	42	66	0
	Wa-4	60~80	60~80	15	17	26	0
	Wa-5	60~90	60~90	15	25	39	0
	Wa-6	60~100	60~100	15	34	52	0
	Wa-7	70~90	70~90	15	17	26	0
	Wa-8	70~100	70~100	15	25	39	0
	CK-1	当地灌溉水平		-	-	-	0
2022	Wb-1	55~90	60~90	15	29	39	0
	Wb-2	55~90	70~90	15	29	26	0
	Wb-3	55~90	80~90	15	29	13	0
	Wb-4	65~90	60~90	15	21	39	0
	Wb-5	65~90	70~90	15	21	26	0
	Wb-6	65~90	80~90	15	21	13	0
	Wb-7	75~90	60~90	15	13	39	0
	Wb-8	75~90	70~90	15	13	26	0
	Wb-9	75~90	80~90	15	13	13	0
	CK-2	当地灌溉水平		-	-	-	0

年份 Years	处理 Treatments	灌水上下限(占FC百分比) Upper and lower limits of irrigation(Percentage of FC)		灌水定额 Irrigation quota(mm)
年份 Years	处理 Treatments	蕾期 Bud period (%)	花铃期 Blooming period (%)	苗期 Seedling stage	蕾期 Bud period	花铃期 Blooming period	吐絮期 Flocculation period
2021	Wa-1	50~80	50~80	15	25	39	0
	Wa-2	50~90	50~90	15	34	52	0
	Wa-3	50~100	50~100	15	42	66	0
	Wa-4	60~80	60~80	15	17	26	0
	Wa-5	60~90	60~90	15	25	39	0
	Wa-6	60~100	60~100	15	34	52	0
	Wa-7	70~90	70~90	15	17	26	0
	Wa-8	70~100	70~100	15	25	39	0
	CK-1	当地灌溉水平		-	-	-	0
2022	Wb-1	55~90	60~90	15	29	39	0
	Wb-2	55~90	70~90	15	29	26	0
	Wb-3	55~90	80~90	15	29	13	0
	Wb-4	65~90	60~90	15	21	39	0
	Wb-5	65~90	70~90	15	21	26	0
	Wb-6	65~90	80~90	15	21	13	0
	Wb-7	75~90	60~90	15	13	39	0
	Wb-8	75~90	70~90	15	13	26	0
	Wb-9	75~90	80~90	15	13	13	0
	CK-2	当地灌溉水平		-	-	-	0

年份 Year	处理 Treatments	单株有效铃数 The bell numberper plant(个)	单铃质量 Boll weight (g)	收获密度 Harvesting density (10⁴/hm²)	衣分 Fibre optic tube yield (%)	籽棉产量 Seed yield (t/hm²)	WUE (kg/m³)
2021	Wa-1	9.18^b	3.04^d	17.78^a	31.90^a	5.78^e	1.37^b
	Wa-2	10.29^ab	3.28^c	19.13^a	31.83^a	6.18^b	1.43^a
	Wa-3	9.07^b	3.32^bc	18.38^a	31.73^ab	6.04^c	1.36^b
	Wa-4	10.43^ab	3.40^abc	18.83^a	31.86^a	6.18^b	1.28^e
	Wa-5	11.46^a	3.58^a	18.68^a	31.86^a	6.31^a	1.31^c
	Wa-6	11.11^a	3.36^bc	19.13^a	30.79^d	6.30^a	1.23^d
	Wa-7	10.80^ab	3.50^ab	18.98^a	31.23^c	6.30^a	1.30^g
	Wa-8	10.89^ab	3.43^abc	18.83^a	31.01^cd	6.21^b	1.16^h
	CK-1	9.90^ab	3.06^d	18.45^a	31.57^b	5.84^d	0.81ⁱ
2022	Wb-1	10.45^ab	3.10^c	17.93^a	32.07^a	5.81^f	1.33^d
	Wb-2	11.51^ab	3.31^bc	18.98^a	31.58^bc	6.21^cd	1.38^b
	Wb-3	10.51^ab	3.47^ab	18.68^a	31.09^e	6.18^d	1.35^c
	Wb-4	10.61^ab	3.16^c	18.83^a	31.74^b	6.05^e	1.43^a
	Wb-5	11.78^a	3.60^a	18.83^a	31.74^b	6.33^a	1.42^a
	Wb-6	10.61^ab	3.53^ab	19.13^a	30.96^e	6.30^ab	1.36^c
	Wb-7	10.29^b	3.52^ab	18.98^a	31.43^c	6.24^c	1.33^d
	Wb-8	11.00^ab	3.58^ab	18.83^a	31.47^cd	6.26^bc	1.32^e
	Wb-9	10.65^ab	3.54^ab	18.98^a	31.16^bcd	6.25^bc	1.29^f
	CK-2	10.16^b	3.30^bc	18.68^a	31.19^de	5.71^g	0.82^g

综合评价不同灌溉处理对长绒棉生长及产量的影响

Comprehensive evaluation of irrigation treatment based on the growth and yield of drip-irrigated Gossypium barbadense

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Metrics

年份 Years	2021			2022
指标 Indicators	主观权重 Subjective weights(w_aj)	客观权重 Objective weights(w_bj)	综合权重 Comprehensive weight(W_j)	主观权重 Subjective weights(w_aj)	客观权重 Objective weights(w_bj)	综合权重 Comprehensive weight(W_j)
X₁	4.98	19.13	8.87	4.98	12.97	5.72
X₂	4.58	18.35	7.84	4.58	14.89	6.05
X₃	31.11	8.26	23.95	31.11	7.22	19.91
X₄	10.02	8.76	8.18	10.02	11.57	10.28
X₅	6.43	12.07	7.23	6.43	14.21	8.10
X₆	8.85	14.38	11.85	8.85	20.11	15.77
X₇	6.41	8.57	5.11	6.41	6.61	3.76
X₈	27.63	10.48	26.97	27.63	12.42	30.42

年份 Years	处理 Treatments	Probit	RSR拟合值 RSR fitting value	分档等级 Grade classification	P_x	RSR排名 RSR ranking
2021	Wa-5	6.86	0.91	优	P_84.134	1
	Wa-7	6.15	0.80	优	P_84.134	2
	Wa-2	5.67	0.73	良	P_15.866	3
	Wa-3	4.33	0.52			7
	Wa-4	5.32	0.67			4
	Wa-6	5.00	0.63			5
	Wa-8	4.68	0.58			6
	Wa-1	3.85	0.45	差	<P_15.866	8
2022	Wb-2	6.22	0.76	优	P_84.134	2
	Wb-5	6.91	0.88	优	P_84.134	1
	Wb-3	4.86	0.52	良	P_15.866	6
	Wb-4	5.43	0.62			4
	Wb-6	5.14	0.57			5
	Wb-7	4.57	0.47			7
	Wb-8	5.76	0.68			3
	Wb-9	4.24	0.41			8
	Wb-1	3.78	0.33	差	<P_15.866	9

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