休作期冬灌滴灌调控下“干播湿出”对棉花生长及产量影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.006

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 302-313.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.006

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

休作期冬灌滴灌调控下“干播湿出”对棉花生长及产量影响

王晓艳¹^,²(), 白云岗²(), 柴仲平¹(), 卢震林², 刘洪波², 肖军², 阿曼尼萨¹

1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐 830049

收稿日期:2024-08-11 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-04-17
通信作者: 白云岗(1974-),男,新疆奇台人,教授级高级工程师,博士,研究方向为农业水土工程,(E-mail)xjbaiyg@sina.com;
柴仲平(1974-),男,新疆玛纳斯人,教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为作物营养与施肥,(E-mail)chaizhongpingth@sina.com
作者简介:王晓艳(1998-),女,新疆霍城人,硕士研究生,研究方向为节水灌溉,(E-mail)2770046616@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆“天山英才”创新领军人才项目(2022TSYCLJ0069);新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项“南疆盐渍化障碍棉田’干播湿出’技术、产品研发”(2022A02007-3)

Effect of "dry sowing and wet emergence" on cotton growth and yield under the control of winter drip irrigation in off-cropping period

WANG Xiaoyan¹^,²(), BAI Yungang²(), CHAI Zhongping¹(), LU Zhenlin², LIU Hongbo², XIAO Jun², Amannisa ¹

1. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Urumqi 830049, China

Received:2024-08-11 Published:2025-02-20 Online:2025-04-17
Supported by:
Xinjiang "Tianshan Talents" Innovation Leading Talent Project(2022TSYCLJ0069);Major Scientific R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Southern Xinjiang Salinization Obstacles Cotton Field 'Dry Sowing Wet' Technology, Product Development"(2022A02007-3)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同滴水冬灌定额对“干播湿出”播种质量、棉花生理、生长特性及产量的影响,确定节水增效的休作期棉田墒情调控策略。【方法】采用在棉田休作期少量灌水调控墒情,春季开播后“干播湿出”的灌水方式,共设计9个处理,冬灌滴灌定额设4个梯度:休作期冬灌滴灌(W₁S₀~W₄S₀):600、900、1 200和1 500 m³/hm²;春季播种后采用非“干播湿出”和“干播湿出”2种方案,“干播湿出”定额为225 m³/hm²(W₁S₁~W₄S₄),常规冬灌2 250 m³/hm²为对照处理。【结果】滴灌冬灌+“干播湿出”对比仅冬灌处理能够促进苗期棉花生长(株高茎粗显著高于非“干播湿出”及常规冬灌),W₁S₁~W₄S₄处理可在棉花营养生长转生殖生长期间在一定程度上可控制株高过度增长,其中处理W₃S₃及W₄S₄最为显著;滴灌冬灌+“干播湿出”可提高苗期及蕾期叶面积指数,花铃期后期W₁S₀~W₄S₀处理叶面积指数稍高于CK及W₁S₁~W₄S₄处理;W₁S₁~W₄S₄处理干物质总积累量显著大于W₁S₀~W₄S₀处理,可促进生殖器官干物质积累,W₃S₃、W₄S₄处理生殖器官干物质积累量比例可占50%以上;花铃期后期叶面积指数与产量呈显著负相关关系,干物质积累总量与产量呈极显著正相关关系,滴灌冬灌+“干播湿出”产量高于仅滴灌冬灌处理及常规冬灌,其中处理W₄S₄的产量比冬季滴灌的W₄S₀处理高出18.8%、比CK高出13.5%左右。【结论】休作期滴灌冬灌调控下“干播湿出”灌水模式可再节约灌溉用水24%~36%情况下显著提高棉花产量3.5%~13.5%。

关键词: 棉花; 滴灌冬灌; 干播湿出; 灌溉定额; 生长性状; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】Studying the effects of different winter dripping irrigation quotas on the quality of "dry seeding wet output" planting, cotton physiology, growth characteristics, and yield, determining the water-saving and efficient fallow period cotton field moisture regulation strategy. 【Methods】Using a small amount of water regulation during the cotton field fallow period, and the "dry seeding wet output" irrigation method after spring sowing, a total of 9 treatments were set in this experiment, with 4 gradients for winter dripping irrigation quotas: winter dripping irrigation during fallow period (W₁S₀-W₄S₀): 600, 900, 1,200 and 1,500 m³/hm²; after spring sowing, two schemes of no "dry seeding wet output" and "dry seeding wet output" were used, with a quota of 225 m³/hm² for "dry seeding wet output" (W₁S₁-W₄S₄), and conventional winter irrigation of 2,250 m³/hm²as the control treatment. 【Results】Compared with winter dripping irrigation alone, the combination of winter dripping irrigation and "dry seeding wet output" could promote early cotton growth (plant height and stem diameter significantly higher than with no "dry seeding wet output" and conventional winter irrigation), and treatments W₁S₁-W₄S₄ could control excessive plant height growth during the nutritional growth to reproductive growth stage to a certain extent, with treatments W₃S₃ and W₄S₄ being the most significant; the combination could increase the leaf area index during the seedling and budding stages, and in the late stage of flowering as well, the leaf area index of W₁S₀-W₄S₀ treatments was slightly higher than the CK and W₁S₁-W₄S₄ treatments; the total dry matter accumulation of W₁S₁-W₄S₄ treatments was significantly greater than that of W₁S₀-W₄S₀ treatments, which could promote reproductive organ dry matter accumulation, with the proportion of dry matter accumulation in reproductive organs in W₃S₃ and W₄S₄ treatments exceeding 50%; the leaf area index in the late stage of flowering was significantly negatively correlated with yield, and the total dry matter accumulation was significantly positively correlated with yield. The yields of combination of winter dripping irrigation and "dry seeding wet output" were higher than winter dripping irrigation alone and conventional winter irrigation, with the yield of treatment W₄S₄ being approximately 18.8% higher than that of winter dripping W₄S₀ treatment and about 13.5% higher than the CK.【Conclusion】"Dry seeding wet output" irrigation under fallow period dripping winter irrigation regulation can significantly improve cotton yield by 3.5%-13.5% while saving irrigation water by 24%-36%.

Key words: cotton; drip irrigation for winter irrigation; dry sowing for wet emergence; irrigation quota; growth characteristics; yield

中图分类号:

S278
S562

王晓艳, 白云岗, 柴仲平, 卢震林, 刘洪波, 肖军, 阿曼尼萨. 休作期冬灌滴灌调控下“干播湿出”对棉花生长及产量影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(2): 302-313.

WANG Xiaoyan, BAI Yungang, CHAI Zhongping, LU Zhenlin, LIU Hongbo, XIAO Jun, Amannisa . Effect of "dry sowing and wet emergence" on cotton growth and yield under the control of winter drip irrigation in off-cropping period[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(2): 302-313.

图/表 11

表1 试验地相关土壤理化性状

Tab.1 Related soil physicochemical traits

项目 Items	深度Depth(cm)
项目 Items	0~10	10~20	20~30	30~40	40~60	60~80	80~100
初始含水率 Initial moisture content(%)	10.60	13.22	20.01	21.11	25.95	20.47	6.95
田间持水量 Field holding capacity(%)	29.41	27.43	28.35	28.19	35.27	29.01	10.55
容重 Bulk density(g/cm³)	1.49	1.62	1.64	1.65	1.63	1.53	1.49
土壤质地 Soil texture	沙壤土	沙壤土	壤土	壤土	沙壤土	沙壤土	沙壤土

表2 棉花灌水试验方案

Tab.2 Cotton irrigation test scheme

处理 Treat- ments	灌水日期 (年.月.日) Irrigation Date (Year.month. day)	冬灌滴灌定额 Winter irrigation drip irrigation quota (m³/hm²)	“干播湿出” 灌溉定额 “Dry sowing and wet out” irrigation quota (m³/hm²)	灌溉总额 Total amount of irrigation (m³/hm²)
W₁S₀	2021.11.15	600	0	600
W₂S₀		900	0	900
W₃S₀		1 200	0	1 200
W₄S₀		1 500	0	1 500
W₁S₁	2021.11.15 2022.04.15 2022.05.07	600	45+180	825
W₂S₂		900	45+180	1 125
W₃S₃		1 200	45+180	1 425
W₄S₄		1 500	45+180	1725
CK	2021.11.15	2 250	0	2 250

图1 种植方式和滴灌带

Fig.1 Planting method and drip irrigation belt layout(cm)

图2 棉花苗期各阶段株高及茎粗的变化注: W S 0 *为休作期滴灌冬灌处理株高及茎粗平均值;WS*为休作期滴灌冬灌调控下“干播湿出”处理株高及茎粗平均值,下同

Fig.2 Changes of plant height and stem thickness in each stage of cotton seedling stage Notes: W S 0 * is the average value of plants treated with winter irrigation during the fallow period; WS* is the average value of "dry sowing wet out" under the control of drip irrigation during the fallow period,similarly hereinafter,the same as below

图3 棉花生育期各阶段株高及茎粗的变化

Fig.3 Changes of plant height and stem thickness in each stage of cotton growth period

表3 棉花苗期不同水分处理下LAI指数对比

Tab.3 Comparison of LAI index in different moisture treatment periods in cotton seedling stage

处理 Treatments	5月3日	5月13日	5月23日
W₁S₀	0.23±0.03^a	0.47±0.03^a	0.56±0.05^a
W₂S₀	0.36±0.04^b	0.51±0.04^b	0.58±0.04^b
W₃S₀	0.41±0.03^c	0.55±0.04^c	0.60±0.04^b
W₄S₀	0.45±0.02^d	0.67±0.05^d	0.71±0.03^c
W₁S₁	0.48±0.03^e	0.69±0.03^e	1.01±0.04^d
W₂S₂	0.50±0.03^e	0.82±0.03^f	1.18±0.03^e
W₃S₃	0.69±0.04^f	0.98±0.02^g	1.20±0.04^f
W₄S₄	0.714±0.026^g	1.06±0.03^h	1.25±0.03^g
CK	0.451±0.044^d	0.68±0.05^d	0.71±0.04^c

图4 棉花生育期不同水分处理下叶面积指数的变化注:图中分别为棉花窄行(Z),间行(J)及宽行(K)位置叶面积指数

Fig.4 Changes of leaf area under different moisture treatments in other growth periods of cotton Notes:The figure shows the leaf area index of cotton narrow (Z), inter (J) and wide (K) positions, respectively

图5 棉花生长过程中各处理不同器官干物质量及分配的变化注:a图为茎叶干物质量,b图为花蕾铃干物质积累量(饼图为吐絮期棉株总干物质量与生殖器官干物质量占比:W1S0 *、W2S0 *、W3S0 *、W4S0 *、W1S1 *、W1S1 *、W1S1 *、W1S1 *为生殖器官干物质量),c图为根部干物质量

Fig.5 Quality changes of dry matter and distribution of different organs in the process of cotton growth Notes:The figure a is the mass of dry stem and leaf, and b shows the accumulation of dry substance of flower buds (pie chart shows the ratio of total dry mass of cotton plants: W1S0 *, W2S0 *, W3S0 *, W4S0 *, W1S1 *, W1S1 *, W1S1 *, W1S1 *, W 1 S 1 * is the dry mass of reproductive organs), and c shows the dry mass of the root

表4 不同灌溉方式下棉花产量构成的变化

Tab.4 Changes of different irrigation methods on cotton yield composition

处理 Treatments	单株成铃数 Number of bells per plant (个)	单铃质量 Single bell quality (g)	衣分 Ginning outturn (%)	产量 Yield (Kg/hm²)
W₁S₀	6±0.654^d	5.47±0.35^d	40%±0.012^d	4 543.79±90.12^g
W₂S₀	6.56±0.57^c	5.64±0.32^bc	40%±0.011^d	4 755.79±95.37^f
W₃S₀	6.63±0.66^c	5.66±0.33^b	41%±0.012^c	4 955.83±87.95^e
W₄S₀	7±0.47^b	5.76±0.42^ab	42%±0.022^b	5 040.3±88.46^d
W₁S₁	6.21±0.47^d	5.58±0.25^c	40.50±0.098^cd	4731.24±78.99^fg
W₂S₂	6.86±0.45^bc	5.72±0.26^ab	41%±0.012^c	5 009.14±77.36^de
W₃S₃	8.21±0.45^a	5.78±0.24^ab	43%±0.098^b	5 460.08±76.73^b
W₄S₄	8.76±0.3^a	5.85±0.23^a	44%±0.072^a	5 988.92±78.36^a
CK	6.77±0.54^bc	5.69±0.35^ab	40.5%±0.011^cd	5 276.44±90.48^c

图6 棉花铃后期叶面积、干物质积累及产量变化注:a:不同处理铃后期叶面积指数变化,b:不同处理干物质积累量变化,c:为不同灌水处理棉花产量变化

Fig.6 Changes of leaf area, dry matter accumulation and yield change Notes:a:shows the index change of leaf area in the late period of different treatments, b:shows the change of dry matter accumulation in different treatments, and c:shows the change of cotton yield in different irrigation treatments

表5 产量与铃后期叶面积指数、干物质积累量相关性

Tab.5 Correlation between yield and leaf area index and dry matter accumulation

棉花生理指标 Physiological indicators of cotton	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数R² Coefficient of determination R²	P
干物质积累量 Accumulation of dry matter	0.778^**	Y=81.92+0.05X	0.879	<0.01
叶面积指数leaf area index	-556^*	Y=7.94+-6.21E-4X	0.356	<0.05

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休作期冬灌滴灌调控下“干播湿出”对棉花生长及产量影响

Effect of "dry sowing and wet emergence" on cotton growth and yield under the control of winter drip irrigation in off-cropping period

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