10份梯牧草植株形态特征与产量分析及评价

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】综合分析与评价10份梯牧草植株形态特征与产量性状,为筛选出适合新品种培育的优异种质材料提供依据。【方法】以收集的新疆不同地区9份野生梯牧草和1份栽培种为材料,采用同质园试验,通过主成分、聚类及灰色关联度等分析与评价筛选优异种质。【结果】(1)10份梯牧草材料之间除茎节数、穗宽和千粒重外,其他指标均存在显著性差异;变异系数在5.32%~30.15%,其中穗叶距变异最大。(2)在产量性状上,不同材料间差异性显著,牧草产量在5 233.33~9 844.33 kg/hm²,种子产量在34.08~105.2 kg/hm²。(3)牧草产量与旗叶长呈显著正相关,与穗叶距呈极显著负相关;种子产量与株高呈显著正相关关系,与茎粗、叶宽和穗长呈极显著正相关关系,与穗叶距呈极显著负相关关系;千粒重与植株形态特征之间差异性不显著。(4)前6个主成分累积贡献率达76.47%。(5)聚类分析将梯牧草分为4个类群,其中T₉和T₁₀表现出植株最高、旗叶较长、穗叶距最小、穗部较大、种子饱满、鲜草产量和种子产量最高。【结论】T₉与T₁₀两份材料各特征的表现均较其他材料优异,可作为优异种质材料选择的首选对象。

关键词: 梯牧草; 植物形态特征; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】To study 9 wild Phleum pratense (L. ) from different regions of Xinjiang and 1 cultivated species with a view to analysis of the plant morphological characteristics and yield traits and evaluation the excellent germplasm materials for the cultivation of new varieties.【Methods】In this study, the homogeneous garden test and determination method were used to analyze and evaluate the excellent germplasm by principal component, clustering and grey correlation degree.【Results】(1) There were significant differences in other indexes among 10 Phleum pratense (L.) materials except for stem node number, panicle width and 1000-grain weight. The coefficient of variation was between 5.32 % and 30.15 %, and the variation of ear leaf distance was the largest. (2) In terms of yield traits, the forage yield was between 5,233.33 and 9,844.33 kg/hm², and the seed yield was between 34.08 and 105.2 kg/hm². (3) Forage yield was significantly positively correlated with flag leaf length and significantly negatively correlated with ear leaf spacing. There was a significant positive correlation between seed yield and plant height, a significant positive correlation between seed yield and stem diameter, leaf width and ear length, and a significant negative correlation between seed yield and ear leaf distance. There was no significant difference between 1000-grain weight and plant morphological characteristics. (4) The cumulative contribution rate of the first six principal components was 76.47 %. (5) T₉ and T₁₀ showed the highest plant, longer flag leaf, smallest ear leaf distance, larger ear, full seed, highest fresh grass yield and seed yield.【Conclusion】The characteristics of T₉ and T₁₀ are better than other materials, which can be used as the first choice for the selection of excellent germplasm materials.

Key words: Phleum pratense (L.); plant modality features; yield

中图分类号:

S812

韩禧卿, 张鲜花, 袁惠, 熊辉, 撒成辉. 10份梯牧草植株形态特征与产量分析及评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(2): 454-462.

HAN Xiqing, ZHANG Xianhua, YUAN Hui, XIONG Hui, SA Chenghui. Analysis and evaluation of morphological characteristics and yield of 10 Phleum pratense (L. ) plants[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(2): 454-462.

图/表 9

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编号 Serial number	区域 Region	采集地/来源 Collection site/ source	海拔 Altitude (m)	地理位置 Geographical location	备注 Note
T₁	天山北坡西段	尼勒克县木斯乡	1 621	83°18'19.90″E,43°41'49.03″N	野生
T₂		昭苏县军马场马料地	1 915	80°59'55.41″E,43°07'51.13″N	野生
T₃		昭苏县军马场四马队	2 101	80°55'33.55″E,43°10'16.77″N	野生
T₄		第四师七十七团	1 845	80°52'45.02″E,43°04'37.17″N	野生
T₅		昭苏县野狼谷	2 177	81°00'06.40″E,43°10'30.26″N	野生
T₆		昭苏县	2 179	81°09'29.00″E,43°15'33.60″N	野生
T₇		尼勒克县唐布拉	1 931	83°50'12.04″E,43°43'08.30″N	野生
T₈	天山北坡中段	乌鲁木齐县南山谢家沟	1 613	87°17'44.24″E,43°31'11.56″N	野生
T₉	天山北坡中段	乌鲁木齐县南山菊花台	2 080	87°10'47.69″E,43°28'21.47″N	野生
T₁₀	/	岷县方正草业开发有限责任公司	/	/	岷山猫尾草/ 栽培品种

编号 Serial number	区域 Region	采集地/来源 Collection site/ source	海拔 Altitude (m)	地理位置 Geographical location	备注 Note
T₁	天山北坡西段	尼勒克县木斯乡	1 621	83°18'19.90″E,43°41'49.03″N	野生
T₂		昭苏县军马场马料地	1 915	80°59'55.41″E,43°07'51.13″N	野生
T₃		昭苏县军马场四马队	2 101	80°55'33.55″E,43°10'16.77″N	野生
T₄		第四师七十七团	1 845	80°52'45.02″E,43°04'37.17″N	野生
T₅		昭苏县野狼谷	2 177	81°00'06.40″E,43°10'30.26″N	野生
T₆		昭苏县	2 179	81°09'29.00″E,43°15'33.60″N	野生
T₇		尼勒克县唐布拉	1 931	83°50'12.04″E,43°43'08.30″N	野生
T₈	天山北坡中段	乌鲁木齐县南山谢家沟	1 613	87°17'44.24″E,43°31'11.56″N	野生
T₉	天山北坡中段	乌鲁木齐县南山菊花台	2 080	87°10'47.69″E,43°28'21.47″N	野生
T₁₀	/	岷县方正草业开发有限责任公司	/	/	岷山猫尾草/ 栽培品种

性状材料 Character material	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem thick (mm)	旗叶长 Flag leaf length (cm)	旗叶宽 Flag leaf width (mm)	叶长 Leaf length (cm)	叶宽 Blade width (mm)	茎节数 Number of stem nodes (个)	穗叶距 Distance of spicae and leaves (cm)	穗长 Spike length (mm)	穗宽 Spike width (mm)	种子长 Seed length (mm)	种子宽 Seed width (mm)
T₁	90.26±3.62^ab	1.61±0.10^bc	18.46±1.00^abc	6.99±0.42^ab	6.61±0.74^b	6.20±0.24^ab	4±0.1^a	11.62±1.75^ab	7.79±1.03^ab	6.13±0.14^a	1.79±0.03^ab	0.77±0.02^ab
T₂	98.87±6.11^ab	1.56±0.16^bc	18.50±0.41^abc	5.96±0.35^b	6.57±0.46^b	5.35±0.43^b	4±0.23^a	13.09±1.27^ab	8.38±0.85^ab	6.09±0.25^a	1.81±0.01^a	0.74±0.01^ab
T₃	101.34±9.85^a	1.79±0.09^ab	18.26±0.67^abc	6.63±0.56^ab	7.10±0.24^b	6.34±0.15^ab	4±0.03^a	15.21±1.94^ab	8.44±0.37^ab	5.64±0.49^a	1.69±0..04^ab	0.77±0.03^ab
T₄	93.95±3.96^ab	1.86±0.03^ab	19.82±0.35^ab	6.46±0.64^ab	6.83±0.60^b	6.05±0.96^b	4±0.22^a	9.98±0.62^bc	8.32±0.33^ab	5.87±0.41^a	1.65±0.03^ab	0.76±0.00^ab
T₅	97.61±4.90^ab	1.61±0.01^bc	18.07±0.46^abc	7.63±0.30^a	7.06±0.09^b	5.98±0.34^b	4±0.03^a	12.4±2.31^ab	7.22±1.04^ab	5.69±0.76^a	1.64±0.03^ab	0.76±0.01^ab
T₆	86.85±2.31^ab	1.59±0.07^bc	19.22±0.75^abc	7.28±0.1^ab	8.18±0.74^ab	6.85±0.14^ab	4±0.2^a	16.47±0.75^a	8.44±0.85^ab	5.92±0.32^a	1.76±0.06^ab	0.77±0.01^ab
T₇	83.15±2.84^b	1.57±0.11^bc	17.46±1.87^bc	7.05±0.62^ab	6.86±0.80^b	5.27±0.78^b	4±0.25^a	11.35±1.44^ab	7.00±0.49^b	5.84±0.19^a	1.49±0.06^c	0.7±0.03^b
T₈	90.59±5.45^ab	1.47±0.03^c	18.05±0.54^abc	6.56±0.54^ab	7.45±0.39^b	5.67±0.55^b	4±0.23^a	16.27±2.21^a	7.16±0.43^ab	6.00±0.34^a	1.84±0.04^a	0.76±0.02^ab
T₉	92.49±4.04^ab	1.62±0.12^bc	16.58±0.80^c	6.38±0.59^ab	6.41±0.47^b	6.01±0.10^b	4±0.09^a	12.37±1.68^ab	8.56±0.39^ab	5.95±0.17^a	1.74±0.03^ab	0.76±0.04^ab
T₁₀	99.82±0.95^ab	2.04±0.08^a	20.48±0.56^a	7.56±0.52^ab	9.35±0.45^a	7.66±0.19^a	4±0.12^a	6.15±0.87^c	9.44±0.68^a	6.50±0.32^a	1.84±0.07^a	0.79±0.02^a
变异系数 Coefficient of variation(%)	9.82	12.65	8.86	12.78	16.12	15.79	7.73	30.15	15.45	10.03	6.94	5.32

性状材料 Character material	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem thick (mm)	旗叶长 Flag leaf length (cm)	旗叶宽 Flag leaf width (mm)	叶长 Leaf length (cm)	叶宽 Blade width (mm)	茎节数 Number of stem nodes (个)	穗叶距 Distance of spicae and leaves (cm)	穗长 Spike length (mm)	穗宽 Spike width (mm)	种子长 Seed length (mm)	种子宽 Seed width (mm)
T₁	90.26±3.62^ab	1.61±0.10^bc	18.46±1.00^abc	6.99±0.42^ab	6.61±0.74^b	6.20±0.24^ab	4±0.1^a	11.62±1.75^ab	7.79±1.03^ab	6.13±0.14^a	1.79±0.03^ab	0.77±0.02^ab
T₂	98.87±6.11^ab	1.56±0.16^bc	18.50±0.41^abc	5.96±0.35^b	6.57±0.46^b	5.35±0.43^b	4±0.23^a	13.09±1.27^ab	8.38±0.85^ab	6.09±0.25^a	1.81±0.01^a	0.74±0.01^ab
T₃	101.34±9.85^a	1.79±0.09^ab	18.26±0.67^abc	6.63±0.56^ab	7.10±0.24^b	6.34±0.15^ab	4±0.03^a	15.21±1.94^ab	8.44±0.37^ab	5.64±0.49^a	1.69±0..04^ab	0.77±0.03^ab
T₄	93.95±3.96^ab	1.86±0.03^ab	19.82±0.35^ab	6.46±0.64^ab	6.83±0.60^b	6.05±0.96^b	4±0.22^a	9.98±0.62^bc	8.32±0.33^ab	5.87±0.41^a	1.65±0.03^ab	0.76±0.00^ab
T₅	97.61±4.90^ab	1.61±0.01^bc	18.07±0.46^abc	7.63±0.30^a	7.06±0.09^b	5.98±0.34^b	4±0.03^a	12.4±2.31^ab	7.22±1.04^ab	5.69±0.76^a	1.64±0.03^ab	0.76±0.01^ab
T₆	86.85±2.31^ab	1.59±0.07^bc	19.22±0.75^abc	7.28±0.1^ab	8.18±0.74^ab	6.85±0.14^ab	4±0.2^a	16.47±0.75^a	8.44±0.85^ab	5.92±0.32^a	1.76±0.06^ab	0.77±0.01^ab
T₇	83.15±2.84^b	1.57±0.11^bc	17.46±1.87^bc	7.05±0.62^ab	6.86±0.80^b	5.27±0.78^b	4±0.25^a	11.35±1.44^ab	7.00±0.49^b	5.84±0.19^a	1.49±0.06^c	0.7±0.03^b
T₈	90.59±5.45^ab	1.47±0.03^c	18.05±0.54^abc	6.56±0.54^ab	7.45±0.39^b	5.67±0.55^b	4±0.23^a	16.27±2.21^a	7.16±0.43^ab	6.00±0.34^a	1.84±0.04^a	0.76±0.02^ab
T₉	92.49±4.04^ab	1.62±0.12^bc	16.58±0.80^c	6.38±0.59^ab	6.41±0.47^b	6.01±0.10^b	4±0.09^a	12.37±1.68^ab	8.56±0.39^ab	5.95±0.17^a	1.74±0.03^ab	0.76±0.04^ab
T₁₀	99.82±0.95^ab	2.04±0.08^a	20.48±0.56^a	7.56±0.52^ab	9.35±0.45^a	7.66±0.19^a	4±0.12^a	6.15±0.87^c	9.44±0.68^a	6.50±0.32^a	1.84±0.07^a	0.79±0.02^a
变异系数 Coefficient of variation(%)	9.82	12.65	8.86	12.78	16.12	15.79	7.73	30.15	15.45	10.03	6.94	5.32

性状 Characters	株高 Plant height	茎粗 Stem thick	旗叶长 Flag leaf length	旗叶宽 Flag leaf width	叶长 Leaf length	叶宽 Blade width	茎节数 Number of stem nodes	穗叶距 Distance of spicae and leaves	穗长 Spike length	穗宽 Spike width	种子长 Seed length	种子宽 Seed width
牧草产量 Hay yield	0.142	0.29	0.362^*	-0.081	0.18	0.001	-0.131	-0.534^**	-0.071	-0.005	0.245	0.109
种子产量 Seed yield	0.405^*	0.621^**	0.508^**	0.159	0.326	0.463^**	0.164	-0.559^**	0.476^**	0.198	0.298	0.27
千粒重 Weight of thousand seeds	-0.146	0.008	0.243	0.077	0.224	0.033	0.109	0.146	0.018	0.046	0.209	0.126