播期和密度对花生产量形成及品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 278-285.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.003

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

播期和密度对花生产量形成及品质的影响

刘跃¹(), 连世昊¹, 李家豪¹, 王泓懿¹, 田文强¹, 聂凌帆¹, 孙刚刚¹, 贾永红², 石书兵¹, 于月华¹(), 张金汕¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院奇台麦类试验站,新疆奇台 831800

收稿日期:2024-08-28 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-04-17
通信作者: 于月华(1981 - ),女,新疆精河人,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为作物抗逆分子育种,(E-mail)yuyuehua1213@sina.com;
张金汕(1987-),男,甘肃天水人,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)zhangjinshan0530@sina.com
作者简介:刘跃(1998 - ),女,四川德阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物高产栽培,(E-mail)17690762301@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区农业推广与服务项目“新疆专用优质花生栽培关键技术集成与示范推广”(NTFW-2022-17)

Effects of sowing dates and planting density on yield formation and quality of peanut

LIU Yue¹(), LIAN Shihao¹, LI Jiahao¹, WANG Hongyi¹, TIAN Wenqiang¹, NIE Lingfan¹, SUN Ganggang¹, JIA Yonghong², SHI Shubing¹, YU Yuehua¹(), ZHANG Jinshan¹()

1. College of Agronomy of Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Qitai County Wheat Experiment Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qitai Xinjiang 831800, China

Received:2024-08-28 Published:2025-02-20 Online:2025-04-17
Supported by:
Agricultural Extension and Service Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“Integration and Demonstration of Key Technologies of Special High-Quality Peanut Cultivation in Xinjiang”(NTFW-2022-17)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】筛选新疆北疆花生生产上适宜的播期和种植密度。【方法】以花育25为供试品种,采用两因素裂区试验,设置5月3日、5月10日和5月17日3个播种时间,4个种植密度分别为13.0×10⁴ 、14.5×10⁴ 、16.0×10⁴ 和17.5×10⁴ 穴/hm²,分析播期和种植密度对花生农艺性状、干物质积累、产量及品质的影响。【结果】在相同种植密度下,随播期推后,花生主茎高、分枝数以及叶面积指数均呈降低趋势;花生干物质积累量以及产量则呈先增大后降低趋势,在5月10日播期处理时最高;花生蛋白质、脂肪以及油酸含量均在5月3日播期处理时最高。种植密度对花生各生育时期农艺性状也均有显著影响,密度过高和过低均不利于花生干物质积累和产量形成,低密种植时更有利于提高花生籽粒品质。【结论】播期和密度互作对花生整个生育期生长发育的影响均显著。新疆北疆花生宜播种时期为5月3~10日,适宜种植密度在14.5×10⁴~16.0×10⁴ 穴/hm²。

关键词: 花生; 播期; 密度; 产量; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】To clarify the appropriate sowing date and planting density of peanut production in northern Xinjiang.【Methods】Huayu 25 was used as the test variety. The experiment was designed with three sowing dates of May 3, May 10 and May 17, and four planting density levels of 13.0×10⁴, 14.5×10⁴, 16.0×10⁴ and 17.5×10⁴ holes/hm², to analyze the effects of sowing date and planting density on agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of peanut.【Results】With the push of the sowing date, the main stem height, the number of branches and the leaf area index all decreased at the same planting density. The accumulation of dry matter and yield increased first and then decreased, with the highest treatment on May 10. Peanut protein, fat and oleic acid levels were the highest on May 3. Planting density also had a significant effect on the agronomic traits of peanut during each reproductive period, too high and too low planting density were unfavorable to the accumulation of dry material and yield, low-density planting was more conducive to improving the quality of peanut seeds.【Conclusion】The sowing period and density interaction significantly affect the growth and development of peanut throughout the growth period. The suitable sowing time of peanuts in northern Xinjiang is between May 3 and May 10, and the planting density is from 14.5×10⁴ to 16.0×10⁴ holes/hm².

Key words: peanut; sowing date; density; yield; quality

中图分类号:

S565.2

刘跃, 连世昊, 李家豪, 王泓懿, 田文强, 聂凌帆, 孙刚刚, 贾永红, 石书兵, 于月华, 张金汕. 播期和密度对花生产量形成及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(2): 278-285.

LIU Yue, LIAN Shihao, LI Jiahao, WANG Hongyi, TIAN Wenqiang, NIE Lingfan, SUN Ganggang, JIA Yonghong, SHI Shubing, YU Yuehua, ZHANG Jinshan. Effects of sowing dates and planting density on yield formation and quality of peanut[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(2): 278-285.

图/表 8

参考文献 33

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月份 Months	日照时数 Sunshine hours (h)	平均气温 Mean tempe- rature (℃)	最低气温 Minimum tempe- rature (℃)	最高气温 Maximum tempe- rature (℃)	降水量 Precip- itation (mm)
5 May	304	21.3	7.3	35.2	4.3
6 Jun.	305.7	23.8	7.8	39.5	15.1
7 Jul.	303	24.3	11.4	36.4	11.4
8 Aug.	304.4	22.5	6.8	38.2	9.2
9 Sep.	276.8	18.8	3	37	17.3

月份 Months	日照时数 Sunshine hours (h)	平均气温 Mean tempe- rature (℃)	最低气温 Minimum tempe- rature (℃)	最高气温 Maximum tempe- rature (℃)	降水量 Precip- itation (mm)
5 May	304	21.3	7.3	35.2	4.3
6 Jun.	305.7	23.8	7.8	39.5	15.1
7 Jul.	303	24.3	11.4	36.4	11.4
8 Aug.	304.4	22.5	6.8	38.2	9.2
9 Sep.	276.8	18.8	3	37	17.3

播期处理 Sowing date treatments	密度处理 Density treatments	单株果数 Number of pods per plant (个)	饱果率 Full fruit ratio (%)	百果重 100-pod weight (g)	百仁重 100-seed weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
T₁	M₁	16.33^c	0.76^b	144.74^c	73.74^c	3 639.49^d
	M₂	17.67^b	0.83^a	159.27^b	80.41^b	3 785.66^c
	M₃	21.00^a	0.81^a	175.99^a	86.90^a	4 188.35^a
	M₄	18.33^b	0.82^a	165.07^b	83.23^b	3 992.03^b
T₂	M₁	20.00^c	0.82^a	170.44^c	85.48^ab	4 203.87^d
	M₂	21.00^c	0.84^a	186.14^b	83.44^b	4 380.28^c
	M₃	26.33^a	0.84^a	211.74^a	87.86^a	4 566.17^a
	M₄	23.00^b	0.82^a	195.58^b	85.79^ab	4 472.84^b
T₃	M₁	18.33^d	0.80^a	145.80^d	77.82^c	3 924.78^d
	M₂	20.00^c	0.80^a	169.73^c	80.32^bc	4 306.16^c
	M₃	25.67^a	0.81^a	209.22^b	93.24^a	4 514.98^a
	M₄	22.33^b	0.84^a	192.35^a	84.00^b	4 098.17^b

播期处理 Sowing date treatments	密度处理 Density treatments	单株果数 Number of pods per plant (个)	饱果率 Full fruit ratio (%)	百果重 100-pod weight (g)	百仁重 100-seed weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
T₁	M₁	16.33^c	0.76^b	144.74^c	73.74^c	3 639.49^d
	M₂	17.67^b	0.83^a	159.27^b	80.41^b	3 785.66^c
	M₃	21.00^a	0.81^a	175.99^a	86.90^a	4 188.35^a
	M₄	18.33^b	0.82^a	165.07^b	83.23^b	3 992.03^b
T₂	M₁	20.00^c	0.82^a	170.44^c	85.48^ab	4 203.87^d
	M₂	21.00^c	0.84^a	186.14^b	83.44^b	4 380.28^c
	M₃	26.33^a	0.84^a	211.74^a	87.86^a	4 566.17^a
	M₄	23.00^b	0.82^a	195.58^b	85.79^ab	4 472.84^b
T₃	M₁	18.33^d	0.80^a	145.80^d	77.82^c	3 924.78^d
	M₂	20.00^c	0.80^a	169.73^c	80.32^bc	4 306.16^c
	M₃	25.67^a	0.81^a	209.22^b	93.24^a	4 514.98^a
	M₄	22.33^b	0.84^a	192.35^a	84.00^b	4 098.17^b

播期处理 Sowing date treatments	密度处理 Density treatments	水分 Moisture (%)	蛋白质 Protein (%)	脂肪 Adipose (%)	油酸 Oleic acid (%)	亚油酸 Linoleic acid (%)	油酸/亚油酸 O/L
T₁	M₁	5.77^a	35.46^a	49.58^a	61.80^a	35.79^a	1.73^ab
	M₂	5.67^b	35.11^c	49.51^b	57.63^c	35.54^a	1.62^c
	M₃	5.63^b	35.05^d	49.46^c	57.67^c	32.98^b	1.75^a
	M₄	5.40^c	35.44^b	49.40^d	61.04^b	35.76^a	1.71^b
T₂	M₁	5.63^a	34.31^c	45.45^c	58.83^a	36.90^a	1.59^c
	M₂	5.67^a	34.48^a	45.72^a	58.66^a	34.67^c	1.69^a
	M₃	5.60^a	34.46^b	45.46^c	55.46^b	35.51^bc	1.56^c
	M₄	5.37^b	33.98^d	45.65^b	58.32^a	35.76^b	1.63^b
T₃	M₁	5.33^d	29.75^d	44.06^d	60.45^a	38.62^a	1.57^c
	M₂	5.83^b	29.83^c	44.28^b	57.66^c	35.58^c	1.62^ab
	M₃	5.43^c	30.00^b	44.20^c	58.09^c	35.03^c	1.66^a
	M₄	6.17^a	30.04^a	44.34^a	59.12^b	37.28^b	1.59^bc

播期和密度对花生产量形成及品质的影响

Effects of sowing dates and planting density on yield formation and quality of peanut

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