追施硅肥对棉花生长发育及产量品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 286-293.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.004

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

追施硅肥对棉花生长发育及产量品质的影响

陆明昆¹^,²^,³(), 李军宏²^,³, 尼陆排尔·于苏甫江⁴, 潘喜鹏⁴, 刘晓成¹, 张正贵²^,³, 潘占磊²^,³, 翟梦华²^,³, 张要朋²^,³, 赵文琪²^,³, 王丽宏¹, 王占彪¹^,²^,³()

1.棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点试验室河北基地/河北农业大学农学院,河北保定 071001
2.中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点试验室,河南安阳 455000
3.中国农业科学院西部研究中心,新疆昌吉 831100
4.新疆农业大学农学院/棉花教育部工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2024-08-10 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-04-17
通信作者: 王占彪(1986-),男,河北邢台人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为棉花栽培, (E-mail) wang_zhanbiao@126.com
作者简介:陆明昆(1997-),女,河北唐山人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花抗逆栽培, (E-mail) 1838558355@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项(2022YFE0125700);新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项—上海合作组织科技伙伴计划及国际科技合作计划项目(2022E01061)

Effect of silic on fertiliser application on the growth and development of cotton and its yield and quality

LU Mingkun¹^,²^,³(), LI Junhong²^,³, Nilupaier Yusufujiang⁴, PAN Xipeng⁴, LIU Xiaocheng¹, ZHANG Zhenggui²^,³, PAN Zhanlei²^,³, ZHAI Menghua²^,³, ZHANG Yaopeng²^,³, ZHAO Wenqi²^,³, WANG Lihong¹, WANG Zhanbiao¹^,²^,³()

1. State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (Hebei Base), College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding Hebei 071001, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang Henan 455000,China
3. Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji Xinjiang 831100, China
4. Cotton Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2024-08-10 Published:2025-02-20 Online:2025-04-17
Supported by:
Key Special Project of the National Key Research and Development Programme "Intergovernmental Cooperation in International Science, Technology and Innovation"(2022YFE0125700);Regional Collaborative Innovation Special Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region - Science and Technology Partnership Program of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and International Science and Technology Cooperation Program Project(2022E01061)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究膜下滴灌棉田追施硅肥对棉花农艺性状、产量及纤维品质的影响,分析追施硅肥影响棉花生长发育的机制,筛选出硅肥最佳施用浓度,为硅肥在棉花上推广应用提供数据支撑。【方法】选用中棉113(生育周期115 d)为材料,分别于棉花蕾期、花期追施硅肥。CK(常规施肥 + 0 kg/hm² SiO₂)、S₁(常规施肥 + 7.2 kg/hm²SiO₂)、S₂(常规施肥 + 14.4 kg/hm² SiO₂)、S₃(常规施肥 + 21.6 kg/hm² SiO₂),分析施用硅肥对棉花生长发育、产量和纤维品质的影响。【结果】追施硅肥的棉花株高低于对照;茎粗高于对照;追施硅肥能显著增加棉花的根、茎、叶和蕾花铃的干物质积累量(P<0.05)。S₂施用量效果最佳。追施硅肥能显著提高棉花单株铃数(8.6%)和单铃重(10.2%)(P<0.05),提高棉花籽棉产量(25.1%)和皮棉产量(23.0%)(P<0.05)。长度整齐度指数、断裂比强度和马克隆值均有所提高。【结论】随水滴施硅肥可以促进棉花生长发育、增加生物量及产量,并提升品质。

关键词: 硅肥; 棉花; 产量; 品质; 农艺性状; 干物质积累

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore the effect of silicon fertiliser application on cotton agronomic traits, yield and fibre quality in cotton fields under drip irrigation under the membrane, to clarify the mechanism of silicon fertiliser application affecting the growth and development of cotton, and to define the optimal concentration of silicon fertiliser application, so as to provide data support for the promotion and application of silicon fertiliser in cotton. 【Methods】In this experiment, CK (conventional fertiliser + 0 kg/hm² SiO₂), S₁ (conventional fertiliser + 7.2 kg/hm² SiO₂), S₂ (conventional fertiliser + 14.4 kg/hm² SiO₂), S₃(conventional fertiliser + 21.6 kg/hm² SiO₂), were used as the planting materials, and silica fertiliser was applied to the cotton fields in the bud stage and flowering stage respectively to analyze the differences in growth and development, yield and fibre quality of the control (CK) and cotton fields with the application of silica fertiliser. hm² SiO₂), and to analyse the differences in growth and development, yield and fibre quality between Si fertiliser application and control (CK) cotton fields. 【Results】The plant height was lower than that of the control; stem thickness was higher than that of the control; and the application of silicon fertiliser significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of roots, stems, leaves and buds and bolls of cotton (P<0.05). This experiment showed that S₂ application had the best effect. Trace application of silicon fertiliser boll number per plant (8.6%) and single boll weight(10.2%) (P<0.05), and increased cotton seed cotton yield (25.1%) and lint yield (23.0%) (P<0.05). Besides, Length Neatness Index, Specific Breaking Strength and Micronaire were increased to certain extent as well.【Conclusion】Drip application of silicon fertiliser with water can promote the growth and development of cotton, increase biomass and yield, and enhance quality.

Key words: silicon fertiliser; cotton; yield; quality; agronomic traits; dry matter accumulation

中图分类号:

S562

陆明昆, 李军宏, 尼陆排尔·于苏甫江, 潘喜鹏, 刘晓成, 张正贵, 潘占磊, 翟梦华, 张要朋, 赵文琪, 王丽宏, 王占彪. 追施硅肥对棉花生长发育及产量品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(2): 286-293.

LU Mingkun, LI Junhong, Nilupaier Yusufujiang, PAN Xipeng, LIU Xiaocheng, ZHANG Zhenggui, PAN Zhanlei, ZHAI Menghua, ZHANG Yaopeng, ZHAO Wenqi, WANG Lihong, WANG Zhanbiao. Effect of silic on fertiliser application on the growth and development of cotton and its yield and quality[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(2): 286-293.

图/表 6

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生育时期 Age	处理 Treatments	株高 Height of plant (cm)	茎粗 Stem thickness (mm)	主茎节数 Number of nodes of main stem (个)	始节位 Euclidian (节)	始节高度 Height of beginning node (cm)	果枝台数 Fruit branch number (个)
蕾期 Squaring stage	CK	36.6±5.7^a	8.8±0.6^b	11.0±0.6^a	4.3±0.8^ab	14.4±3.4^a	7.3±1.6^b
	S₁	38.8±2.7^a	9.2±0.4^ab	11.3±0.5^a	4.5±1.1^ab	12.6±3.4^a	8.0±1.1^ab
	S₂	40.0±5.2^a	10.0±0.9^a	11.3±1.0^a	4.2±0.4^b	12.4±1.5^a	9.0±1.1^a
	S₃	41.3±3.6^a	9.9±0.8^a	11.7±0.5^a	5.3±1.0^a	15.6±4.1^a	8.0±0.9^ab
花期 Flowering stage	CK	96.4±7.2^a	11.8±3.9^a	17.2±3.8^a	5.3±0.5^a	18.5±7.1^a	11.8±3.8^a
	S₁	85.4±4.1^b	13.0±1.7^a	15.7±1.4^a	5.2±1.5^a	17.7±6.7^a	11.7±2.3^a
	S₂	87.3±6.7^b	14.5±2.4^a	16.5±0.6^a	5.5±1.4^a	16.5±4.3^a	12.7±2.3^a
	S₃	86.3±5.3^b	13.6±1.7^a	16.2±1.0^a	4.8±1.7^a	15.4±5.9^a	12.5±1.1^a
铃期 Boll stage	CK	92.3±6.2^a	14.6±1.2^a	17.7±1.0^a	5.3±0.8^a	14.1±4.5^a	12.8±2.2^a
	S₁	95.5±11.8^a	14.3±1.4^a	18.2±1.2^a	6.5±1.4^a	18.7±9.5^a	12.7±1.9^a
	S₂	92.6±7.9^a	14.5±1.2^a	17.5±1.1^a	6.8±1.5^a	20.1±9.1^a	10.7±1.4^a
	S₃	94.0±6.2^a	15.7±1.4^a	18.0±1.1^a	6.5±1.2^a	19.5±6.3^a	11.7±1.8^a
吐絮期 Boll openning	CK	101.5±2.5^a	14.3±0.5^b	15.8±0.8^a	4.7±0.8^b	16.0±2.7^a	12.3±0.5^a
	S₁	96.6±2.6^b	13.7±1.6^b	15.0±1.1^a	5.2±0.8^ab	15.53±4.3^a	12.3±1.0^a
	S₂	94.6±3.8^b	16.8±3.6^a	15.8±1.5^a	3.5±0.6^c	10.7±2.3^b	13.3±0.8^a
	S₃	92.4±5.8^b	13.1±0.9^b	14.7±1.4^a	6.0±1.4^a	16.4±5.3^a	11.2±1.2^b

生育时期 Age	处理 Treatments	株高 Height of plant (cm)	茎粗 Stem thickness (mm)	主茎节数 Number of nodes of main stem (个)	始节位 Euclidian (节)	始节高度 Height of beginning node (cm)	果枝台数 Fruit branch number (个)
蕾期 Squaring stage	CK	36.6±5.7^a	8.8±0.6^b	11.0±0.6^a	4.3±0.8^ab	14.4±3.4^a	7.3±1.6^b
	S₁	38.8±2.7^a	9.2±0.4^ab	11.3±0.5^a	4.5±1.1^ab	12.6±3.4^a	8.0±1.1^ab
	S₂	40.0±5.2^a	10.0±0.9^a	11.3±1.0^a	4.2±0.4^b	12.4±1.5^a	9.0±1.1^a
	S₃	41.3±3.6^a	9.9±0.8^a	11.7±0.5^a	5.3±1.0^a	15.6±4.1^a	8.0±0.9^ab
花期 Flowering stage	CK	96.4±7.2^a	11.8±3.9^a	17.2±3.8^a	5.3±0.5^a	18.5±7.1^a	11.8±3.8^a
	S₁	85.4±4.1^b	13.0±1.7^a	15.7±1.4^a	5.2±1.5^a	17.7±6.7^a	11.7±2.3^a
	S₂	87.3±6.7^b	14.5±2.4^a	16.5±0.6^a	5.5±1.4^a	16.5±4.3^a	12.7±2.3^a
	S₃	86.3±5.3^b	13.6±1.7^a	16.2±1.0^a	4.8±1.7^a	15.4±5.9^a	12.5±1.1^a
铃期 Boll stage	CK	92.3±6.2^a	14.6±1.2^a	17.7±1.0^a	5.3±0.8^a	14.1±4.5^a	12.8±2.2^a
	S₁	95.5±11.8^a	14.3±1.4^a	18.2±1.2^a	6.5±1.4^a	18.7±9.5^a	12.7±1.9^a
	S₂	92.6±7.9^a	14.5±1.2^a	17.5±1.1^a	6.8±1.5^a	20.1±9.1^a	10.7±1.4^a
	S₃	94.0±6.2^a	15.7±1.4^a	18.0±1.1^a	6.5±1.2^a	19.5±6.3^a	11.7±1.8^a
吐絮期 Boll openning	CK	101.5±2.5^a	14.3±0.5^b	15.8±0.8^a	4.7±0.8^b	16.0±2.7^a	12.3±0.5^a
	S₁	96.6±2.6^b	13.7±1.6^b	15.0±1.1^a	5.2±0.8^ab	15.53±4.3^a	12.3±1.0^a
	S₂	94.6±3.8^b	16.8±3.6^a	15.8±1.5^a	3.5±0.6^c	10.7±2.3^b	13.3±0.8^a
	S₃	92.4±5.8^b	13.1±0.9^b	14.7±1.4^a	6.0±1.4^a	16.4±5.3^a	11.2±1.2^b

处理 Treatments	收获密度 Harvest density (10⁴株/hm²)	单株铃数 Boll number per plant (个)	单铃重 Single boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg/hm²)
CK	12.2±0.2^a	9.3±0.1^b	4.9±0.1^b	47.91±0.0^a	5 475.6±166.5^b	2 623.8±91.6^c
S₁	12.5±0.2^a	9.9±0.5^a	5.2±0.2^ab	45.70±0.0^a	6 386.4±276.3^a	2 918.4±153.6^b
S₂	12.6±0.3^a	10.1±0.2^a	5.4±0.2^a	47.16±0.0^a	6 847.7±248.9^a	3 228.4±100.4^a
S₃	12.4±0.5^a	10.1±0.3^a	5.3±0.3^a	47.02±0.0^a	6 566.7±578.0^a	3 083.3±202.6^ab

处理 Treatments	收获密度 Harvest density (10⁴株/hm²)	单株铃数 Boll number per plant (个)	单铃重 Single boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg/hm²)
CK	12.2±0.2^a	9.3±0.1^b	4.9±0.1^b	47.91±0.0^a	5 475.6±166.5^b	2 623.8±91.6^c
S₁	12.5±0.2^a	9.9±0.5^a	5.2±0.2^ab	45.70±0.0^a	6 386.4±276.3^a	2 918.4±153.6^b
S₂	12.6±0.3^a	10.1±0.2^a	5.4±0.2^a	47.16±0.0^a	6 847.7±248.9^a	3 228.4±100.4^a
S₃	12.4±0.5^a	10.1±0.3^a	5.3±0.3^a	47.02±0.0^a	6 566.7±578.0^a	3 083.3±202.6^ab

处理 Treatments	上半部平均长度 Fiber length (mm)	长度整齐度指数 Length Neatness Index(%)	断裂比强度 Specific breaking strength (cN/tex)	断裂伸长率 Elongation at break(%)	马克隆值 Micronaire
CK	31.6±0.6^a	85.6±0.9^b	32.0±0.5^a	9.1±1.1^a	4.9±0.1^ab
S₁	31.1±1.0^ab	87.3±0.5^a	33.5±1.2^a	8.6±0.7^a	4.5±0.2^b
S₂	31.0±0.4^ab	86.9±0.3^ab	32.4±1.9^a	8.4±0.4^a	4.9±0.4^ab
S₃	30.1±0.1^b	85.8±1.0^b	32.4±2.1^a	9.0±0.5^a	5.1±0.3^a

追施硅肥对棉花生长发育及产量品质的影响

Effect of silic on fertiliser application on the growth and development of cotton and its yield and quality

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Metrics

指标 Indicators	株高 Height of plant	茎粗 Stem thick- ness	主茎节数 Number of nodes of main stem	始节位 Eucl- idian	始节高度 Height of beginning node	果枝台数 Fruit branch number	蕾花铃 Bud Fower Bell	单株铃数 Boll number per plant	单铃重 Single boll weight	衣分 Lint percentage	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield	皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield
株高 Height of plant	1
茎粗 Stem thickness	-0.04	1
主茎节数 Number of nodes of main stem	0.53^**	-0.06	1
始节位 Euclidian	-0.00	-0.46^*	-0.07	1
始节高度 Height of beginning node	0.32	-0.28	-0.20	0.56^**	1
果枝台数 Fruit branch number	0.42^*	0.24	0.44^*	-0.50^*	-0.21	1
蕾花铃 Bud Fower Bell	-0.06	0.59^**	0.32	-0.55^**	-0.52^**	0.58^**	1
单株铃数 Boll number per plant	-0.03	0.31	0.22	-0.16	-0.38	0.15	0.16	1
单铃重 Single boll weight	-0.01	-0.20	0.28	0.36	-0.14	-0.17	-0.09	0.48^*	1
衣分 Lint percentage	-0.01	0.13	0.17	-0.21	-0.22	-0.00	0.17	0.39	0.12	1
籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield	0.03	-0.07	0.25	0.28	-0.12	-0.04	-0.07	0.48^*	0.82^**	-0.33	1
皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield	0.10	0.12	0.32	0.10	-0.25	0.04	0.00	0.83^**	0.79^**	0.16	0.79^**	1

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