脱叶剂对机采棉棉铃发育及纤维品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 270-277.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.002

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

脱叶剂对机采棉棉铃发育及纤维品质的影响

胡莎莎¹^,²(), 邵丽萍³, 陈丽华¹, 宋卫平², 赵海⁴, 张新宇¹, 孙杰¹()

1.石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832003
2.新疆生产建设兵团第四师农业科学研究所,新疆可克达拉 835219
3.新疆生产建设兵团第八师石河子市种子管理站,新疆石河子 832000
4.石河子农业科学研究院,新疆石河子 832011

收稿日期:2024-08-21 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-04-17
通信作者: 孙杰(1969-),男,江苏徐州人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为棉花遗传育种,(E-mail)sunjie@shzu.edu.cn
作者简介:胡莎莎(1996-),女,新疆伊犁人,实习研究员,硕士,研究方向棉花遗传育种,(E-mail)m19914348820@163
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团国际科技合作项目“棉花分子辅助轮回选择育种体系的建立及新种质创制”(2021BC001);新疆石河子市重点领域科技攻关项目“优质高效杂交棉新品种选育与应用”(2022NY01)

Effect of defoliant on boll development and fiber quality of machine-picked cotton

HU Shasha¹^,²(), SHAO Liping³, CHEN Lihua¹, SONG Weiping², ZHAO Hai⁴, ZHANG Xinyu¹, SUN Jie¹()

1. Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps / Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China
2. Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Fourth Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Kekedala Xinjiang 835219, China
3. Seed Manage Station of the Eighth Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
4. Shihezi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shihezi Xinjiang 832011, China

Received:2024-08-21 Published:2025-02-20 Online:2025-04-17
Supported by:
International S&T Cooperation Projects of XPCC“Establishment of Cotton Molecular Assisted Recurrent Selection Breeding System and Development of New Germplasm”(2021BC001);Key R& D Program Project of Shihezi City“Breeding and Application of New Hybrid Cotton Varieties with High Quality and Efficiency”(2022NY01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究脱叶剂对熟性不同棉花品种棉铃发育及发育不同时间纤维品质的影响,为生产上合理选择脱叶剂剂型和棉花品种提供理论依据。【方法】以熟性不同的2个棉花品种(早熟品种和晚熟品系)为试验材料,使用有效成分不同的2种脱叶剂(瑞脱龙和叶落空)进行喷施处理。喷施3周后,分别收获脱叶剂喷施时发育30、35、40、45和50 d和自然吐絮(CK)棉铃籽棉,测定单铃重、衣分、纤维长度、纤维整齐度、马克隆值、断裂比强度和伸长率。【结果】(1)棉花早熟品种发育40 d以上、晚熟品系发育50 d以上棉铃喷施脱叶剂对铃重影响不大,相较瑞脱龙,叶落空对铃重的影响更大。喷施2种脱叶剂后,2种不同熟性棉花品种发育不足40 d棉铃衣分均显著降低,铃期达到45 d后棉铃衣分与CK差异不显著;(2)瑞脱龙对棉花早熟品种铃期分别达到45 d的马克隆值、40 d的伸长率、35 d的纤维长度和整齐度指数、30 d的断裂比强度影响差异不显著,对于晚熟品系,同样不受影响的铃期要比早熟品种增加5~10 d以上。相较瑞脱龙,叶落空对棉花纤维各项品质指标的影响更大,且在晚熟品种上表现更显著。【结论】早熟棉花品种石大棉268发育达到40 d、晚熟品系石大棉451发育达到45 d及以上铃期的棉铃各项指标受脱叶剂的影响较小。敌草隆成分较少的瑞脱龙对棉花铃重、纤维品质的影响更小。生产上应选用早熟品种和敌草隆成分较低的脱叶剂,同时铃期达到40 d以上时喷施脱叶剂。

关键词: 棉花; 脱叶剂; 棉铃; 纤维品质

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of the study is to clarify the effects of defoliants on the development of cotton bolls and fiber quality at different development time of cotton varieties with different maturities in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the rational selection of defoliants suitable for the varieties deployed in cotton production. 【Methods】Field experiments were carried out in 2020 and 2021. Two cotton varieties(early maturing products Shidamian 268 and Late maturing varieties Shidamian 451) that were of early or late maturity were used as the experimental materials. They were sprayed with two kinds of defoliants with the active ingredient being Ruituolong or Yeluokong. Spraying was applied on cotton plants with cotton bolls that had developed for 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 d. Three weeks after spraying, cotton bolls were harvested from each treatment, measured for single boll weight, lint percentage, fiber length, fiber uniformity, micronaire value, fiber strength and elongation rate, and then compared with CK. 【Results】(1) Defoliants had little effect on boll weight when they were applied on early-maturing and late-maturing cotton variety with 40 and 50 d old bolls, respectively, but compared to Ruituolong, Yeluokong had a greater impact on boll weight. Both defoliants had significantly negative effect on lint percentage of cotton bolls that were less than 40 d old when defoliants were applied, but such negative effect on lint percentage was not significant for >45 d cotton bolls. (2) For the early-maturing variety, Ruituolong had no significant effect on micronaire of >45 d bolls, fiber elongation rate of >40 d bolls, fiber length and uniformity index of >35 d bolls, and fiber strength of >30 d bolls. For the late maturing variety, the unaffected traits were observed for fiber from bolls that were 5-10 d older compared to the early-maturing variety. Compared to Ruituolong, Yeluokong had a stronger impact on fiber quality, particularly on fiber of the late-maturing variety. 【Conclusion】The effect of defoliants on yield components and fiber quality is minimized for >40 d bolls of early-maturing precocious variety Shidamian 268 and >45 d bolls of late-maturing Strain Shidamian 451 variety. Compared with Yeluokong, Ruituolong with less Diuron has weaker effect on cotton boll weight and fiber quality. Choose early-maturing varieties and spray defoliants with a low concentration of Diuron when bolls have developed for more than 40 d.

Key words: cotton; defoliant; cotton boll; fiber quality

中图分类号:

S562

胡莎莎, 邵丽萍, 陈丽华, 宋卫平, 赵海, 张新宇, 孙杰. 脱叶剂对机采棉棉铃发育及纤维品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(2): 270-277.

HU Shasha, SHAO Liping, CHEN Lihua, SONG Weiping, ZHAO Hai, ZHANG Xinyu, SUN Jie. Effect of defoliant on boll development and fiber quality of machine-picked cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(2): 270-277.

图/表 4

参考文献 24

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脱叶剂 Defoliants	铃期 Period of boll (d)	纤维长度 Length (mm)	整齐度指数 Unifoormity (%)	断裂比强度 Strength (cN/tex)	马克隆值 Micronaire	伸长率 Elongation(%)
瑞脱龙 Ruituolong	30	29.33±0.41^b	85.46±0.26^b	33.82±0.25^a	3.22±0.27^d	6.73±0.07^b
	35	29.51±0.33^ab	85.52±0.42^ab	33.86±0.45^a	4.02±0.33^c	6.76±0.07^b
	40	29.52±0.36^ab	85.77±0.57^a	33.82±0.65^a	4.53±0.17^b	6.84±0.07^a
	45	29.55±0.41^ab	85.79±0.63^a	33.78±0.71^a	4.82±0.28^a	6.84±0.09^a
	50	29.85±0.39^a	85.98±0.70^a	33.80±0.61^a	4.83±0.32^a	6.84±0.07^a
	CK	29.86±0.52^a	86.00±0.39^a	33.90±0.60^a	4.81±0.09^a	6.86±0.09^a
叶落空 Yeluokong	30	28.37±0.19^b	85.20±0.40^b	33.16±0.48^b	3.09±0.19^b	6.72±0.07^c
	35	28.47±0.29^b	85.44±0.64^a	33.11±0.37^b	3.28±0.24^b	6.74±0.07^bc
	40	28.51±0.42^b	85.41±0.41^a	33.14±0.48^b	4.32±0.25^a	6.77±0.07^b
	45	28.56±0.17^b	85.49±0.36^a	33.40±0.34^b	4.38±0.31^a	6.80±0.07^ab
	50	28.65±0.21^b	85.50±0.48^a	33.53±0.22^ab	4.50±0.21^a	6.83±0.07^a
	CK	29.63±0.38^a	85.73±0.35^a	33.96±0.75^a	4.81±0.05^a	6.87±0.05^a

脱叶剂 Defoliants	铃期 Period of boll (d)	纤维长度 Length (mm)	整齐度指数 Unifoormity (%)	断裂比强度 Strength (cN/tex)	马克隆值 Micronaire	伸长率 Elongation(%)
瑞脱龙 Ruituolong	30	29.33±0.41^b	85.46±0.26^b	33.82±0.25^a	3.22±0.27^d	6.73±0.07^b
	35	29.51±0.33^ab	85.52±0.42^ab	33.86±0.45^a	4.02±0.33^c	6.76±0.07^b
	40	29.52±0.36^ab	85.77±0.57^a	33.82±0.65^a	4.53±0.17^b	6.84±0.07^a
	45	29.55±0.41^ab	85.79±0.63^a	33.78±0.71^a	4.82±0.28^a	6.84±0.09^a
	50	29.85±0.39^a	85.98±0.70^a	33.80±0.61^a	4.83±0.32^a	6.84±0.07^a
	CK	29.86±0.52^a	86.00±0.39^a	33.90±0.60^a	4.81±0.09^a	6.86±0.09^a
叶落空 Yeluokong	30	28.37±0.19^b	85.20±0.40^b	33.16±0.48^b	3.09±0.19^b	6.72±0.07^c
	35	28.47±0.29^b	85.44±0.64^a	33.11±0.37^b	3.28±0.24^b	6.74±0.07^bc
	40	28.51±0.42^b	85.41±0.41^a	33.14±0.48^b	4.32±0.25^a	6.77±0.07^b
	45	28.56±0.17^b	85.49±0.36^a	33.40±0.34^b	4.38±0.31^a	6.80±0.07^ab
	50	28.65±0.21^b	85.50±0.48^a	33.53±0.22^ab	4.50±0.21^a	6.83±0.07^a
	CK	29.63±0.38^a	85.73±0.35^a	33.96±0.75^a	4.81±0.05^a	6.87±0.05^a

脱叶剂 Defoliants	铃期 Period of boll (d)	纤维长度 Length (mm)	整齐度指数 Unifoormity (%)	断裂比强度 Strength (cN/tex)	马克隆值 Micronaire	伸长率 Elongation (%)
瑞脱龙 Ruituolong	30	29.87±0.59^c	80.26±0.84^d	27.52±0.66^c	2.31±0.11^e	6.58±0.07^d
	35	30.15±0.47^c	83.29±0.77^c	29.79±0.58^b	2.56±0.13^d	6.63±0.07^d
	40	29.93±0.48^bc	83.38±0.69^bc	30.04±0.62^b	3.13±0.12^c	6.73±0.05^c
	45	30.78±0.69^b	84.01±0.41^ab	31.03±0.59^a	3.59±0.14^b	6.85±0.05^b
	50	31.60±0.37^a	84.40±0.83^a	31.15±0.54^a	3.98±0.09^a	6.93±0.05^a
	CK	31.90±0.47^a	84.48±0.53^a	31.21±0.60^a	4.02±0.17^a	6.95±0.05^a
叶落空 Yeluokong	30	29.94±0.66^d	80.18±0.76^d	26.95±0.62^c	2.20±0.09^e	6.50±0.08^e
	35	30.43±0.33^c	83.00±0.63^c	29.51±0.86^b	2.49±0.23^d	6.64±0.05^d
	40	30.59±0.26^bc	83.08±0.55^c	29.50±0.66^b	2.98±0.36^c	6.73±0.07^c
	45	30.60±0.49^c	83.63±0.55^bc	30.88±0.75^a	3.49±0.29^b	6.84±009^b
	50	31.42±0.39^b	84.15±0.78^ab	31.17±0.68^a	3.86±0.29^a	6.91±0.06^a
	CK	31.90±0.47^a	84.48±0.53^a	31.21±0.60^a	4.02±0.17^a	6.95±0.05^a

脱叶剂 Defoliants	铃期 Period of boll (d)	纤维长度 Length (mm)	整齐度指数 Unifoormity (%)	断裂比强度 Strength (cN/tex)	马克隆值 Micronaire	伸长率 Elongation (%)
瑞脱龙 Ruituolong	30	29.87±0.59^c	80.26±0.84^d	27.52±0.66^c	2.31±0.11^e	6.58±0.07^d
	35	30.15±0.47^c	83.29±0.77^c	29.79±0.58^b	2.56±0.13^d	6.63±0.07^d
	40	29.93±0.48^bc	83.38±0.69^bc	30.04±0.62^b	3.13±0.12^c	6.73±0.05^c
	45	30.78±0.69^b	84.01±0.41^ab	31.03±0.59^a	3.59±0.14^b	6.85±0.05^b
	50	31.60±0.37^a	84.40±0.83^a	31.15±0.54^a	3.98±0.09^a	6.93±0.05^a
	CK	31.90±0.47^a	84.48±0.53^a	31.21±0.60^a	4.02±0.17^a	6.95±0.05^a
叶落空 Yeluokong	30	29.94±0.66^d	80.18±0.76^d	26.95±0.62^c	2.20±0.09^e	6.50±0.08^e
	35	30.43±0.33^c	83.00±0.63^c	29.51±0.86^b	2.49±0.23^d	6.64±0.05^d
	40	30.59±0.26^bc	83.08±0.55^c	29.50±0.66^b	2.98±0.36^c	6.73±0.07^c
	45	30.60±0.49^c	83.63±0.55^bc	30.88±0.75^a	3.49±0.29^b	6.84±009^b
	50	31.42±0.39^b	84.15±0.78^ab	31.17±0.68^a	3.86±0.29^a	6.91±0.06^a
	CK	31.90±0.47^a	84.48±0.53^a	31.21±0.60^a	4.02±0.17^a	6.95±0.05^a

脱叶剂对机采棉棉铃发育及纤维品质的影响

Effect of defoliant on boll development and fiber quality of machine-picked cotton

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