金冠、维纳斯黄金、瑞雪苹果采收期的判定及果实品质的变化动态

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.007

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 314-323.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.007

金冠、维纳斯黄金、瑞雪苹果采收期的判定及果实品质的变化动态

张腾艺¹^,²(), 李千里¹, 冯贝贝², 南坤¹^,², 闫鹏²(), 耿文娟¹()

1.新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-08-13 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-04-17
通信作者: 闫鹏(1981-),男,江苏南通人,副研究员,研究方向为果树资源栽培与育种,(E-mail)xaasyysyp@163.com;
耿文娟(1981-),女,新疆阿勒泰人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为果树种质资源及栽培生理,(E-mail)gwj0526@163.com
作者简介:张腾艺(1998-),女,山西阳泉人,硕士研究生,研究方向为果树种质资源与栽培生理,(E-mail)zty19987799@163.com
基金资助:
中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(Xinjiang 2022);国家自然科学基金项目(32060654);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2023B02018-3);国家现代苹果产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27)

Determination of harvest date of Golden Delicious, Harlikar and Ruixue apples and their dynamic study on fruit quality

ZHANG Tengyi¹^,²(), LI Qianli¹, FENG Beibei², NAN Kun¹^,², YAN Peng²(), GENG Wenjuan¹()

1. College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2024-08-13 Published:2025-02-20 Online:2025-04-17
Supported by:
Special Project for the Development of Local Science and Technology Guided by the Central Government(Xinjiang 2022);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060654);Key R&D Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023B02018-3);Special Project of National Modern Apple lndustry Technicai System Construction(CARS-27)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究金冠、维纳斯黄金、瑞雪3个黄绿色系苹果品种果实成熟过程中品质动态变化,并分析3个品种的最佳采收期。【方法】构建3个品种的淀粉染色图谱,测定可溶性固形物,可滴定酸、液相色谱测定糖组分及酸组分。【结果】随着果实成熟度的推进,3个黄绿色系苹果品种果实单果重、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、淀粉指数及糖组分均呈上升趋势,而果实硬度、可滴定酸含量、抗坏血酸(VC)含量、酸组分随着采收期的延长则呈下降趋势。成熟过程中淀粉指数与于果实硬度、可滴定酸、VC均呈显著负相关,与单果重、可溶性固形物均呈显著正相关。【结论】采收期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ是供试3个品种的适宜采收期,该采收期淀粉染色等级为4~6级。金冠苹果染色等级达到4、5、6级的时间分别为盛花后147、153和160 d,维纳斯黄金染色等级达到4、5、6级的时间分别为盛花后173、180和187 d,瑞雪染色等级达到4、5、6级的时间分别为盛花后187、193和200 d。

关键词: 阿克苏苹果; 采收期; 淀粉染色图谱; 果实品质

Abstract:

【Objective】To clarify the dynamic changes of fruit quality of three yellow-green apple varieties Golden delicious, Harlikar and Ruixue during fruit ripening and then determine the optimal harvest time of the three varieties.【Methods】The starch staining patterns of three varieties were constructed, soluble solids were determined, titrable acids were determined, and sugar components and acid components were determined by liquid chromatography.【Results】With the improvement of fruit maturity, fruit weight, fruit shape index, soluble solids content, starch index and sugar content of the three yellow-green apple varieties showed an upward trend, while fruit firmness, titratable acid content, VC content and acid fraction decreased with the extension of harvest time. During ripening, starch index was negatively correlated with fruit hardness, titratable acid and VC, and positively correlated with single fruit weight and soluble solids.【Conclusion】It has been concluded that the harvest periods I,II and III are the suitable harvest periods for the three varieties, and the starch staining grade is 4-6 in this harvest period. For Golden delicious,the time of apple dyeing grade 4, 5 and 6 was 147, 153 and 160 days after full bloom, respectively. The dyeing grade of Harlikar reached 4,5 and 6 at 173, 180 and 187 days after full bloom, respectively. The time when the dyeing grade of Ruixue reached 4,5 and 6 was 187, 193 and 200 days after full bloom, respectively.

Key words: Aksu apple; harvest period; starch dyeing map; fruit quality

中图分类号:

S661.1

张腾艺, 李千里, 冯贝贝, 南坤, 闫鹏, 耿文娟. 金冠、维纳斯黄金、瑞雪苹果采收期的判定及果实品质的变化动态[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(2): 314-323.

ZHANG Tengyi, LI Qianli, FENG Beibei, NAN Kun, YAN Peng, GENG Wenjuan. Determination of harvest date of Golden Delicious, Harlikar and Ruixue apples and their dynamic study on fruit quality[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(2): 314-323.

图/表 6

图1 果实各项生理指标的变化

Fig.1 Changes in fruit physiological indexes

图2 果实生理指标与淀粉指数相关性

Fig.2 Correlation between physiological indexes and starch index

图3 苹果不同采收期淀粉染色图谱

Fig.3 Staining patterns of apple starch at different harvest time

图4 苹果不同采收期糖组分

Fig.4 Sugar components of apple at different harvest time

图5 苹果不同采收期酸组分

Fig.5 Acid components of apple at different harvest time

图6 果实糖酸指标相关性

Fig.6 Correlation analysis of fruit sugar and acid indexes of different varieties

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金冠、维纳斯黄金、瑞雪苹果采收期的判定及果实品质的变化动态

Determination of harvest date of Golden Delicious, Harlikar and Ruixue apples and their dynamic study on fruit quality

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