无核白及芽变长粒无核白葡萄的差异性分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.010

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (12): 2954-2965.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.010

• 土壤肥料·贮藏保鲜加工·园艺特产 • 上一篇下一篇

无核白及芽变长粒无核白葡萄的差异性分析

户金鸽¹(), 白世践¹(), 郑明²

1.新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所,新疆鄯善 838200
2.新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐 830049

收稿日期:2024-05-13 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2025-01-16
通信作者: 白世践(1986-),男,云南人,高级农艺师,研究方向为葡萄育种与栽培,(E-mail)594748964@qq.com
作者简介:户金鸽(1982-),女,新疆塔城人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为葡萄育种与栽培,(E-mail)hujinge2007@sina.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01A120);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划专项(2022B02045-2);新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(KY2023099);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划“三农”骨干人才项目(2023SNGGNT062)

Difference analysis between thompson seedless and bud mutation long-berry thompson seedless grape

HU Jinge¹(), BAI Shijian¹(), ZHENG Ming²

1. Research Institute of Grapes and Melons of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shanshan Xinjiang 838200,China
2. Xinjiang Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Urumqi 830049, China

Received:2024-05-13 Published:2024-12-20 Online:2025-01-16
Supported by:
Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022D01A120);Major Scientific R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02045-2);Basic Scientific R & D Program of Public Welfare Research Institutes of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(KY2023099);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Tianshan Talent" Training Program "Agriculture, Rural Areas, and Farmers" Backbone Talent(2023SNGGNT062)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 分析无核白和芽变长粒无核白(长粒无核白)葡萄之间的植物学性状、果实品质、葡萄干多酚和抗氧化活性的差异,为葡萄育种提供新的种质资源。【方法】 以无核白葡萄及芽变长粒无核白为试材,调查植物学性状、光合响应曲线、果实品质和葡萄干品质差异,分析葡萄干酚类物质和抗氧化活性之间的关系。【结果】 长粒无核白葡萄主要变异特征表现在嫩叶、嫩梢、叶柄颜色和果粒上。与普通无核白相比,长粒无核白葡萄幼叶正面颜色绿色带红条带,新梢腹侧颜色绿带红条带、节间背侧颜色绿带红条带、节间腹侧绿带红条带。无核白萌芽率高于长粒无核白,其萌芽率分别为65.00%(2022年无核白)、63.82%(2023年无核白)、50.48%(2022年长粒无核白)、53.45%(2023年长粒无核白)。在整个果实发育期间,长粒无核白的果形指数始终显著高于无核白,花后16 d无核白葡萄的果形指数最大是1.80,而长粒无核白果实的果形指数在花后28 d达到最大,为2.12。长粒无核白果粒质量、果实还原糖含量、糖酸比显著高于无核白。无核白和长粒无核白果穗质量、果穗长度、果穗宽度、果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC和果皮色差差异不明显。无核白的出干率、平均质量均显著高于长粒无核白,而长粒无核白的果形指数(3.10)显著高于无核白葡萄干(2.13)。长粒无核白葡萄干的总黄烷醇、总类黄酮、总单宁、总酚显著高于无核白葡萄干,长粒无核白葡萄干的含量分别是1 808.59、2 286.43、51.11和498.53 mg/kg。长粒无核白葡萄干的DPPH自由基清除能力、对Fe²⁺的还原能力显著高于无核白葡萄,长粒无核白葡萄干的ABTS自由基清除能力低于无核白葡萄干,但无显著差异。葡萄干总黄烷醇、总类黄酮、总单宁、总酚、DPPH自由基清除能力、FRAP(对Fe²⁺的还原能力)彼此之间的相关系数大于0.926,为显著或极显著差异,而ABTS和总黄烷醇、总类黄酮、总单宁、总酚、DPPH自由基清除能力和FRAP(对Fe²⁺的还原能力)呈负相关,但无显著差异。【结论】 生产上芽变长粒无核白葡萄可以作为优良品种开发利用,亦可为育种提供新的种质资源。

关键词: 无核白; 长粒无核白; 芽变; 果实品质; 葡萄干

Abstract:

【Objective】 To analyze the differences of botanical characters, berry quality, raisin polyphenols and antioxidant activity between Thompson Seedless and long-berry Thompson Seedless grape in the hope of providing new germplasm resources for grape breeding.【Methods】 V.vinefera cv.Thompson Seedless and bud mutation Long-berry Thompson Seedless were used as material, in the open field of the experimental vineyard,to investigate botanical character, photosynthetic response curve, berry quality and raisins quality and analyze the relationship between phenolic and antioxidant activity of raisins.【Results】 The results showed that, the main variation characteristics of bud mutation Long-berry Thompson Seedless were the color of young leaves, tender tips and petioles.Compared with ordinary Thompson Seedless, the color of young leaves was green with red bands, ventral new shoot color was green with red bands, dorsal internode color was green with red bands, and intersegmental ventral was green with red band.Germination rate of Thompson Seedless was higher than Long-berry Thompson Seedless, which were 65.00% and 63.82% respectively, germination rates of Long-berry Thompson Seedless were 50.48% and 53.45% respectively, in 2022, in 2023.The shape index of Long-berry Thompson Seedless were always higher than that of Thompson Seedless, the maximum shape index of Thompson Seedless and Long-berry Thompson Seedless were 1.80 and 2.12, after 16 d and 28 d after flowing, respectively.Berry quality, reduce sugar, sugar-acid ratio of Thompson Seedless were significantly higher than those of Long-berry Thompson Seedless, and there were no difference for bunch weight, bunch length, bunch width, soluble solid, titratable acid, Vitamin C, chromatic aberration.Drying rate, mean weight of Thompson Seedless were significantly higher than those of Long-berry Thompson Seedless, shape index of Long-berry Thompson Seedless was significantly higher than that of Thompson Seedless.Total flavanol, total flavonoids, total tannin, total phenol of Long-berry Thompson Seedless were significantly higher than those of Thompson Seedless, and their content were 1,808.59、2,286.43, 51.11, 98.53 mg/kg, respectively.DPPH and FRAP free radical scavenging capacity of Long-berry Thompson Seedless were significantly higher than Thompson Seedless, ABTS free radical scavenging capacity of Long-berry Thompson Seedless lower than Thompson Seedless, and no difference.The correlation coefficient were greater than 0.926 for total flavanol, total flavonoids, total tannin, total phenol, DPPH and FRAP free radical scavenging capacity, and their differences were significant or extremely significant.ABTS free radical scavenging capacity was negatively correlated with total flavanol, total flavonoids, total tannins, total phenols, DPPH and FRAP free radical scavenging capacity with litter difference.【Conclusion】 Bud mutation Long-berry Thompson Seedless can be used as an excellent variety and provide new germplasm resources for breeding.

Key words: thompson seedless; long-berry thompson seedless; fruit quality; raisin

中图分类号:

S663.1

户金鸽, 白世践, 郑明. 无核白及芽变长粒无核白葡萄的差异性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(12): 2954-2965.

HU Jinge, BAI Shijian, ZHENG Ming. Difference analysis between thompson seedless and bud mutation long-berry thompson seedless grape[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(12): 2954-2965.

图/表 13

图1 长粒无核白幼叶和嫩梢(左),无核白幼叶和嫩梢(右)

Fig.1 The left picture shows young leaves and tender ends of long-berry Thompson seedless(Left), and picture shows young leaves and tender ends of Thompson seedless(Right)

表1 无核白和长粒无核白葡萄性状主要性状差异

Tab.1 Main character differences between Thompson seedless and Long-berry Thompson seedless

调查项目 Investigation items	无核白 Thompson Seedless	长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless
萌芽始期Germinate stage	4月15日(2022年) 4月21日(2023年)	4月12日(2022年) 4月17日(2023年)
萌芽率Germinate rate(%)	65.00(2022年) 63.82(2023年)	50.48(2022年) 53.45(2023年)
嫩梢:梢尖开合程度 Tender shoot: opening and closing degree	半开张	半开张
嫩梢:梢尖匍匐绒毛密度 Tender shoot: creeping villi density	疏	疏
嫩梢:梢尖匍匐绒毛花青苷显色强度 Tender shoot: color intensity of stolonin	无	弱
幼叶:正面颜色Spire: front color	黄绿	绿色带有红色斑
幼叶:背面主脉间匍匐绒毛密度 Spire: density of creeping villi between main dorsal veins	无或极疏	无或极疏
新梢:节间腹侧颜色 Shoot: internode ventral color	绿色	绿色带红条带
花序:花器类型 Inflorescence: flower type	两性花	两性花
成龄叶大小:Adult leaf size(cm)	叶长(20.30),叶宽(14.98)	叶长(20.27),叶宽(19.05)
成龄叶:形状Adult leaf: shape	近五角形	近五角形
成龄叶:裂片数Adult leaf: number of lobes	5裂	5裂
成龄叶:叶柄洼开叠类型Adult leaf: petiole folding type	半开张	半开张
成龄叶:锯齿长度Adult leaf: sawtooth length(cm)	1.33	1.24
成龄叶:锯齿长度/锯齿宽度 Adult leaf: sawtooth length/sawtooth width(cm)	0.89	0.91
成龄叶:锯齿形状Adult leaf: sawtooth shape	两侧直与两侧凸相混合	两侧直与两侧凸相混合
成龄叶:正面主脉上花青苷显色强度 Adult leaf: anthocyanin shows strength on the positive main vein	无或极弱	无或极弱
成龄叶:背面主脉间匍匐绒毛密度 Adult leaf: density of creeping villi between main dorsal veins	无或极弱	无或极弱
成龄叶:背面主脉上匍匐绒毛密度 Adult leaf: creeping villi density on dorsal main vein	无或极弱	无或极弱
果粒颜色Fruit color	黄绿偏黄	黄绿偏黄
嫩梢:梢尖直立绒毛密度 Tender shoot: tip vertical villi density	无或极疏	无或极疏
幼叶:背面主脉上直立绒毛密度 Spire: density of upright villi on dorsal main vein	无或极疏	无或极疏
新梢:节间背侧颜色Shoot: dorsal internode color	绿色	绿带红条带
新梢:节腹侧颜色Shoot: node ventral color	绿色	绿带红条带
新梢:节背侧颜色Shoot: dorsal segment color	绿色	绿带红条带
卷须长度Tendril length(cm)	11.24	13.9
成龄叶:叶柄长度/中脉长度之比 Adult leaf: petiole length/ petiole width	0.80	0.80
成熟枝条:主要色泽 Mature branch: main color	黄褐色	黄褐色

表1 无核白和长粒无核白葡萄性状主要性状差异

Tab.1 Main character differences between Thompson seedless and Long-berry Thompson seedless

调查项目 Investigation items	无核白 Thompson Seedless	长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless
萌芽始期Germinate stage	4月15日(2022年) 4月21日(2023年)	4月12日(2022年) 4月17日(2023年)
萌芽率Germinate rate(%)	65.00(2022年) 63.82(2023年)	50.48(2022年) 53.45(2023年)
嫩梢:梢尖开合程度 Tender shoot: opening and closing degree	半开张	半开张
嫩梢:梢尖匍匐绒毛密度 Tender shoot: creeping villi density	疏	疏
嫩梢:梢尖匍匐绒毛花青苷显色强度 Tender shoot: color intensity of stolonin	无	弱
幼叶:正面颜色Spire: front color	黄绿	绿色带有红色斑
幼叶:背面主脉间匍匐绒毛密度 Spire: density of creeping villi between main dorsal veins	无或极疏	无或极疏
新梢:节间腹侧颜色 Shoot: internode ventral color	绿色	绿色带红条带
花序:花器类型 Inflorescence: flower type	两性花	两性花
成龄叶大小:Adult leaf size(cm)	叶长(20.30),叶宽(14.98)	叶长(20.27),叶宽(19.05)
成龄叶:形状Adult leaf: shape	近五角形	近五角形
成龄叶:裂片数Adult leaf: number of lobes	5裂	5裂
成龄叶:叶柄洼开叠类型Adult leaf: petiole folding type	半开张	半开张
成龄叶:锯齿长度Adult leaf: sawtooth length(cm)	1.33	1.24
成龄叶:锯齿长度/锯齿宽度 Adult leaf: sawtooth length/sawtooth width(cm)	0.89	0.91
成龄叶:锯齿形状Adult leaf: sawtooth shape	两侧直与两侧凸相混合	两侧直与两侧凸相混合
成龄叶:正面主脉上花青苷显色强度 Adult leaf: anthocyanin shows strength on the positive main vein	无或极弱	无或极弱
成龄叶:背面主脉间匍匐绒毛密度 Adult leaf: density of creeping villi between main dorsal veins	无或极弱	无或极弱
成龄叶:背面主脉上匍匐绒毛密度 Adult leaf: creeping villi density on dorsal main vein	无或极弱	无或极弱
果粒颜色Fruit color	黄绿偏黄	黄绿偏黄
嫩梢:梢尖直立绒毛密度 Tender shoot: tip vertical villi density	无或极疏	无或极疏
幼叶:背面主脉上直立绒毛密度 Spire: density of upright villi on dorsal main vein	无或极疏	无或极疏
新梢:节间背侧颜色Shoot: dorsal internode color	绿色	绿带红条带
新梢:节腹侧颜色Shoot: node ventral color	绿色	绿带红条带
新梢:节背侧颜色Shoot: dorsal segment color	绿色	绿带红条带
卷须长度Tendril length(cm)	11.24	13.9
成龄叶:叶柄长度/中脉长度之比 Adult leaf: petiole length/ petiole width	0.80	0.80
成熟枝条:主要色泽 Mature branch: main color	黄褐色	黄褐色

表2 无核白和长粒无核白葡萄光响应参数差异

Tab.2 Differences in the light response parameter between Thompson Seedless and Long-berry Thompson Seedless

光响应参数 The light response parameter	无核白 Thompson Seedless	长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless
光饱和点 Light saturation point I_m(μmol/(m²·s))	1 085.58	2 029.79
光补偿点 Light compensation point I_c(μmol/(m²·s))	10.53	6.78
最大净光合速率 Maximum net photosynthetic ${P_{n}}_{m a x}$ (μmol/(m²·s))	36.96	6.14
表观量子效率 Apparent quantum yield AQY(%)	0.11	0.02
暗呼吸速率 Dark respiration rate R_d(μmol/(m²·s))	1.72	0.59
决定系数 R-Squared(R²)	0.994 9	0.923 04

表2 无核白和长粒无核白葡萄光响应参数差异

Tab.2 Differences in the light response parameter between Thompson Seedless and Long-berry Thompson Seedless

光响应参数 The light response parameter	无核白 Thompson Seedless	长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless
光饱和点 Light saturation point I_m(μmol/(m²·s))	1 085.58	2 029.79
光补偿点 Light compensation point I_c(μmol/(m²·s))	10.53	6.78
最大净光合速率 Maximum net photosynthetic ${P_{n}}_{m a x}$ (μmol/(m²·s))	36.96	6.14
表观量子效率 Apparent quantum yield AQY(%)	0.11	0.02
暗呼吸速率 Dark respiration rate R_d(μmol/(m²·s))	1.72	0.59
决定系数 R-Squared(R²)	0.994 9	0.923 04

图2 叶子飘模型拟合葡萄叶片光响应曲线注:A:无核白;B:长粒无核白

Fig.2 The leaf floating model fits the light rosponse curve of grape leaves Notes:A:Thompson seedless;B:Long-berry Thompson seedless

图3 无核白和长粒无核白葡萄果形指数的差异注:小写字母表示在5%水平上的显著差异,下同

Fig.3 Differences in fruit shape index between Thompson seedless and long-berry Thompson seedless Note: Lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 5% level, the same as below

图4 上图为花后16 d果粒,下图为花后28 d果粒

Fig.4 The upper figure is 16 d after flowering, the lower figure is the 28 d after flowering

表3 无核白及长粒无核白葡萄果实品质的差异

Tab.3 Differences in berry quality between Thompson seedless and long-berry Thompson seedless

品质指标 Quality indexes	无核白 Thompson Seedless	长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless
果穗质量 Berry weight(g)	116.80±23.47 ^a	139.28±60.77 ^a
果穗长度 Bunch length(mm)	16.32±7.90 ^a	16.90±3.78 ^a
果穗宽度 Bunch width(mm)	8.50±0.42 ^a	8.56±0.77 ^a
果穗紧密度	适中	适中偏疏
果粒质量 Berry weight(g)	0.94±0.07 ^b	1.40±0.13 ^a
可溶性固形物 Soluble solid(°Brix)	25.47±0.42^a	26.27±0.83 ^a
可滴定酸 Titratable acid(%)	0.64±0.04 ^a	0.61±0.02 ^a
维生素C VC(mg/100g)	11.18±0.21 ^a	12.03±0.53 ^a
还原糖 Reducing sugar(mg/L)	217.47±7.07 ^b	283.57±1.12 ^a
糖酸比 Sugar-acid ratio	34.20±2.51 ^b	46.34±1.65 ^a
产量 Yield per 667m² (kg/667m²)	691.38	105.87

表4 无核白及长粒无核白葡萄果皮色差的差异

Tab.4 Differences in chromatic between Thompson seedless and long-berry Thompson seedless

色差 Chromatic Aberration	无核白 Thompson Seedless	长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless
L	47.64±1.72 ^a	46.14±3.03^a
a	1.93±0.61 ^a	2.52±0.89 ^a
b	18.96±1.46^a	17.87±3.04 ^a
a/b	0.10±0.03 ^a	0.15±0.08 ^a
C	19.07±1.49^a	18.09±2.87 ^a
h°	5.75±1.59^a	8.62±4.61 ^a
ΔE	51.32±2.03^a	49.59±3.76 ^a

表5 无核白和芽变长粒无核白葡萄干性状差异

Tab.5 Differences in raisin between Thompson seedless and long-berry Thompson seedless

测定指标 Test indexes	无核白 Thompson Seedless	长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless
出干率 Drying rate(%)	26.41±0.03 ^a	24.21±0.15 ^b
葡萄干平均质量 mean raisin weight(g)	0.30±0.02 ^a	0.25±0.02 ^b
葡萄干纵径 Raisin longitudinal diameter(mm)	12.32±0.79 ^b	15.22±1.28 ^a
葡萄干横径 Raisin transverse diameter(mm)	5.83±0.54 ^a	4.96±0.58 ^b
葡萄干果形指数 Shape index	2.13±0.26 ^b	3.10±0.39 ^a

表6 无核白和长粒无核白葡萄干品质的差异

Tab.6 Differences in raisin quality between Thompson seedless and long-berry Thompson seedless

测定指标 Test indexes	无核白 Thompson Seedless	长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless
可溶性固形物 Soluble solid(°Brix)	73.75±1.25 ^a	63.75±3.75 ^b
还原糖 Reduce sugar(g/L)	778.33±11.27 ^a	727.83±16.13 ^b
可滴定酸 Titratable acid(%)	4.38±0.11 ^b	4.94±0.11 ^a
糖酸比 Sugar/acid rate	178.01±6.62^a	147.49±6.10 ^b
维生素C Vitamin C(mg/100g)	6.10±0.92 ^b	8.13±0.55 ^a

表7 无核白和长粒无核白葡萄干酚类物质差异

Tab.7 Differences in raisin phenolic between Thompson seedless and long-berry Thompson seedless

测定指标 Test indexes	无核白 Thompson Seedless	长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless
总黄烷醇 Total flavanol (mg/kg)	708.61±29.73 ^b	1898.59±34.52 ^a
总类黄酮 Total flavonoids(mg/kg)	872.87±52.35 ^b	2286.43±62.83 ^a
总单宁 Total tannin(mg/g)	32.96±3.04 ^b	51.11±1.82 ^a
总酚 Total phenol(mg/kg)	281.07±6.32 ^b	498.53±11.06 ^a

表8 无核白和长粒无核白葡萄干抗氧化活性差异

Tab.8 Differences in raisin antioxidant activity between Thompson seedless and long-berry Thompson seedless

测定指标 Test indexes	无核白 Thompson Seedless	长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless
DPPH/(mg/kg)	137.33±1.08 ^b	140.73±0.08 ^a
FRAP/(mg/kg)	2811.67±91.67 ^b	4474.17±254.17 ^a
ABTS(mg/kg)	257.63±1.67 ^a	256.17±0.63 ^a

图 5 酚类物质和抗氧化活性相关性

Fig.5 Correlation analysis of phenolic and antioxidant activity

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无核白及芽变长粒无核白葡萄的差异性分析

Difference analysis between thompson seedless and bud mutation long-berry thompson seedless grape

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