库尔勒香梨芽变材料物候期及坐果特性观测

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】观测研究库尔勒香梨芽变材料的物候期及坐果特性,为提升库尔勒香梨品质提供参考依据。【方法】以库尔勒香梨和库尔勒香梨芽变材料为研究对象,设置芽变材料无人工授粉组、普通库尔勒香梨人工授粉组和普通库尔勒香梨无人工授粉组,且3个处理组均不喷施促进萼片脱落的药剂,研究3个处理组的物候期、坐果率及脱萼率。【结果】库尔勒香梨芽变材料与普通库尔勒香梨的物候期高度重合,相差不超过2 d;芽变材料无人工授粉组坐果率与脱萼率>普通库尔勒香梨人工授粉组坐果率与脱萼率>普通库尔勒香梨无人工授粉组坐果率与脱萼率,3个处理组之间均存在极显著差异。【结论】芽变材料与普通库尔勒香梨的物候期基本一致,现有库尔勒香梨种植区的管理方式无需改变即可直接利用该材料进行嫁接;芽变材料的坐果率与脱萼率都显著高于普通库尔勒香梨,在栽培过程中可以有效减少使用化学药剂,降低成本且提高果实品质。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨; 芽变; 物候期; 坐果特性

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study is to understand the phenological period and fruit setting characteristics of bud changing materials of Korla fragrant pear in the hope of providing reference for improving the quality of fragrant pear.【Methods】 Taking Korla fragrant pear and Korla fragrant pear bud modification materials as the research objects, the bud modification materials without artificial pollination group, common fragrant pear artificial pollination group and common fragrant pear without artificial pollination group were set, and the three groups were not sprayed with agents to promote sepal shedding.The phenological period, fruit setting rate and calyx decalication rate of the three groups were studied.【Results】 The results showed that the phenological period of Korla pear bud modification material was highly coincident with that of common Korla pear, and the difference was no more than 2 d.The rate of fruit setting and calyx decalyx in the group without artificial pollination was higher than that in the normal group with artificial pollination, and the rate of fruit setting and calyx decalyx in the group was higher than that in the normal group without artificial pollination.【Conclusion】 The phenological period of the bud changing material was basically the same as that of Korla fragrant pear.The excellent characters of the bud changing material could be directly grafted without changing the management mode of the existing fragrant pear growing area.The fruit setting rate and calyx decalyx rate of bud modified material were significantly higher than those of common Korla pears, which can effectively reduce the use of chemical agents, cut down the cost and improve the fruit quality during cultivation.

Key words: Korla fragrant pear; bud mutation; phenological period; flushing features

中图分类号:

S661.2

崔宇同, 张翠芳, 王世伟. 库尔勒香梨芽变材料物候期及坐果特性观测[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(2): 365-372.

CUI Yutong, ZHANG Cuifang, WANG Shiwei. Observation on phenological period and fruit setting characteristics of bud transmutation material of Korla fragrant pear[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(2): 365-372.

图/表 5

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组别 Group	编号 Number	花序坐果率 Inflorescence fruit set rate(%)	花朵坐果率 Flower fruit set rate(%)	平均花序数 Average ordinal number	平均花朵数 Average number of flowers	平均花序坐果率 Average inflorescence fruit set rate(%)	平均花朵坐果率 Average flower fruit set rate(%)
库尔勒香梨芽变材料无人工授粉组 Korla pear bud mutation materials without artificial pollination group	YB-1	77.99	34.62
	YB-2	67.66	26.86
	YB-3	68.56	29.47
	YB-4	66.54	32.09
	YB-5	68.70	28.72	46	219	73.13±1.20^A	31.39±0.95^A
	YB-6	74.97	29.25
	YB-7	78.48	28.17
	YB-8	75.98	31.06
	YB-9	74.82	37.75
	YB-10	77.59	36.47
普通库尔勒香梨人工授粉组 Ordinary korla pear artificial pollination group	PTP-1	60.69	23.64
	PTP-2	64.28	26.01
	PTP-3	60.28	26.05
	PTP-4	64.29	26.84
	PTP-5	69.15	29.15	39	157	67.58±0.99^B	26.21±0.43^B
	PTP-6	72.33	28.24
	PTP-7	65.82	25.00
	PTP-8	67.60	26.78
	PTP-9	73.93	25.22
	PTP-10	76.14	25.21
普通库尔勒香梨无人工授粉组(CK) Ordinary korla pear without artificial pollination group(CK)	CK-1	42.51	20.70
	CK-2	42.93	17.91
	CK-3	38.83	21.84
	CK-4	44.85	18.81
	CK-5	45.38	17.62	37	138	45.83±0.95^C	18.63±0.81^C
	CK-6	49.07	13.27
	CK-7	56.79	23.15
	CK-8	46.10	19.91
	CK-9	40.95	15.26
	CK-10	51.19	18.43

组别 Group	编号 Number	花序坐果率 Inflorescence fruit set rate(%)	花朵坐果率 Flower fruit set rate(%)	平均花序数 Average ordinal number	平均花朵数 Average number of flowers	平均花序坐果率 Average inflorescence fruit set rate(%)	平均花朵坐果率 Average flower fruit set rate(%)
库尔勒香梨芽变材料无人工授粉组 Korla pear bud mutation materials without artificial pollination group	YB-1	77.99	34.62
	YB-2	67.66	26.86
	YB-3	68.56	29.47
	YB-4	66.54	32.09
	YB-5	68.70	28.72	46	219	73.13±1.20^A	31.39±0.95^A
	YB-6	74.97	29.25
	YB-7	78.48	28.17
	YB-8	75.98	31.06
	YB-9	74.82	37.75
	YB-10	77.59	36.47
普通库尔勒香梨人工授粉组 Ordinary korla pear artificial pollination group	PTP-1	60.69	23.64
	PTP-2	64.28	26.01
	PTP-3	60.28	26.05
	PTP-4	64.29	26.84
	PTP-5	69.15	29.15	39	157	67.58±0.99^B	26.21±0.43^B
	PTP-6	72.33	28.24
	PTP-7	65.82	25.00
	PTP-8	67.60	26.78
	PTP-9	73.93	25.22
	PTP-10	76.14	25.21
普通库尔勒香梨无人工授粉组(CK) Ordinary korla pear without artificial pollination group(CK)	CK-1	42.51	20.70
	CK-2	42.93	17.91
	CK-3	38.83	21.84
	CK-4	44.85	18.81
	CK-5	45.38	17.62	37	138	45.83±0.95^C	18.63±0.81^C
	CK-6	49.07	13.27
	CK-7	56.79	23.15
	CK-8	46.10	19.91
	CK-9	40.95	15.26
	CK-10	51.19	18.43

组别 Group	编号 Number	脱萼率 Decalyx rate(%)	平均坐果数 Average number of fruit set	平均脱萼果数 Average number of calyx decycalyx	脱萼率 Average calyx removal rate(%)
库尔勒香梨芽变材料无人工授粉组 Korla pear bud mutation materials without artificial pollination group	YB-1	67.35
	YB-2	65.12
	YB-3	69.51
	YB-4	67.14
	YB-5	71.86	10	7	69.76±0.07 ^A
	YB-6	69.29
	YB-7	70.30
	YB-8	71.07
	YB-9	74.26
	YB-10	71.83
普通库尔勒香梨人工授粉组 Ordinary korla pear artificial pollination group	PTP-1	61.90
	PTP-2	63.54
	PTP-3	63.89
	PTP-4	63.13
	PTP-5	57.14	9	6	62.67±0.09^B
	PTP-6	69.70
	PTP-7	69.39
	PTP-8	56.41
	PTP-9	64.32
	PTP-10	54.24
普通库尔勒香梨无人工授粉组(CK) Ordinary korla pear without artificial pollination group(CK)	CK-1	53.81
	CK-2	44.44
	CK-3	58.33
	CK-4	58.13
	CK-5	53.06	7	4	56.54 ±0.12 ^C
	CK-6	63.30
	CK-7	54.93
	CK-8	57.50
	CK-9	54.45
	CK-10	49.63

组别 Group	编号 Number	脱萼率 Decalyx rate(%)	平均坐果数 Average number of fruit set	平均脱萼果数 Average number of calyx decycalyx	脱萼率 Average calyx removal rate(%)
库尔勒香梨芽变材料无人工授粉组 Korla pear bud mutation materials without artificial pollination group	YB-1	67.35
	YB-2	65.12
	YB-3	69.51
	YB-4	67.14
	YB-5	71.86	10	7	69.76±0.07 ^A
	YB-6	69.29
	YB-7	70.30
	YB-8	71.07
	YB-9	74.26
	YB-10	71.83
普通库尔勒香梨人工授粉组 Ordinary korla pear artificial pollination group	PTP-1	61.90
	PTP-2	63.54
	PTP-3	63.89
	PTP-4	63.13
	PTP-5	57.14	9	6	62.67±0.09^B
	PTP-6	69.70
	PTP-7	69.39
	PTP-8	56.41
	PTP-9	64.32
	PTP-10	54.24
普通库尔勒香梨无人工授粉组(CK) Ordinary korla pear without artificial pollination group(CK)	CK-1	53.81
	CK-2	44.44
	CK-3	58.33
	CK-4	58.13
	CK-5	53.06	7	4	56.54 ±0.12 ^C
	CK-6	63.30
	CK-7	54.93
	CK-8	57.50
	CK-9	54.45
	CK-10	49.63