4种药剂对梨火疫病防病效果及库尔勒香梨产量与品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.016

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (6): 1432-1440.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.016

• 植物保护•土壤肥料•节水灌溉 • 上一篇下一篇

4种药剂对梨火疫病防病效果及库尔勒香梨产量与品质的影响

史应武¹^,²(), 牛新湘²^,³, 杨红梅¹^,², 楚敏¹^,², 包慧芳¹, 王宁¹^,², 詹发强¹, 林青¹, 杨蓉¹, 龙宣杞¹, 娄恺¹

1.新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所/新疆特殊环境微生物实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.农业农村部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2023-10-27 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-08-08
作者简介:史应武(1973-),男,甘肃武山人,研究员,博士,研究方向微生物生态与植物健康,(E-mail)syw1973@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1400200);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02004)

Field control effects of four fungicides on fragrant korla pear fire blight

SHI Yingwu¹^,²(), NIU Xinxiang²^,³, YANG Hongmei¹^,², CHU Min¹^,², BAO Huifang¹, WANG Ning¹^,², ZHAN Faqiang¹, LIN Qing¹, YANG Rong¹, LONG Xuanqi¹, LOU Kai¹

1. Research Institute of Applied Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinjiang Special Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Urumqi 830091, China
2. Northwest Oasis Agricultural Environment Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Research Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2023-10-27 Published:2024-06-20 Online:2024-08-08
Correspondence author: SHI Yingwu (1973-),male,from Gansu,doctor,researcher,research direction:microbial ecology and plant health,( E-mail) syw1973@126.com
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1400200);Key R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021B02004)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】筛选出对库尔勒香梨(简称香梨)梨火疫病高效的防病药剂。【方法】选用1 000×10⁸ CFU/g贝莱斯芽孢杆菌DP、1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐水剂、3%噻霉酮微乳剂和6%春雷霉素水剂设置12个处理。【结果】高、中、低剂量Bacillus velezensis TK2019(以下简称Bacillus velezensis)可湿性菌粉、1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐、3%噻霉酮微乳剂和6%春雷霉素水剂,分别对大田香梨梨火疫病的防效为71.64%、65.22%和51.30%,66.69%、56.18%和40.30%,66.50%、58.19%和41.89%,72.28%、60.49%和54.22%,其中Bacillus velezensis 可湿性菌粉稀释浓度10⁷CFU/mL、6%春雷霉素水剂500倍液可显著降低梨火疫病的发生。【结论】Bacillus velezensis 菌剂和6%春雷霉素水剂对梨火疫病防效显著高于对照和1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐水剂、3%噻霉酮微乳剂,较好地抑制梨火疫病的发生,控制发病枝条的数量,提高了香梨单果质量、改善果实品质、提升香梨果实防御酶活性,且高浓度生防菌改善作用更佳,施用后对香梨树生长发育安全。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨; 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌; 梨火疫病; 辛菌胺醋酸盐; 噻霉酮微乳剂; 春雷霉素; 解淀粉欧文氏菌; 防治效果

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to screen out high-efficiency korla pear(pear for short) fire blight control agents. 【Methods】 100 billion CFU / g Bacillus velezensis DP, 1.8% octylamine acetate aqueous solution, 3% thiamphenicol microemulsion and 6% kasugamycin aqueous solution were selected for field efficacy test. 【Results】 The results showed that the control effects of high, medium and low doses of Bacillus velezensis TK2019(hereinafter referred to as Bacillus velezensis) wettable powder, 1.8% octylamine acetate, 3% benziothiazolinone microemulsion and 6% kasugamycin on pear fire blight were 71.64%, 65.22% and 51.30%, 66.69%, 56.18% and 40.30%, 66.50%, 58.19% and 41.89%, 72.28%, 60.49% and 54.22%, respectively. Among them, Bacillus velezensis wettable powder dilution concentration of 10⁷CFU / mL and 6% kasugamycin aqueous solution 500 times could significantly reduce the occurrence of pear fire blight. 【Conclusion】 The control effect of Bacillus velezensis and 6% kasugamycin on pear fire blight is significantly higher than that of the control and 1.8% caprylic acid acetate and 3% thiamethoxam microemulsion, which can better inhibit the occurrence of pear fire blight, control the number of diseased branches, improve the quality of fruit, and increase the defense enzyme activity of fragrant pear fruit. The high concentration biocontrol bacteria have better improvement effect and are safe for the growth and development of pear trees. It is suitable for popularization and application in production and promotes the sustainable, safe, high-yield and stable yield of the fragrant pear industry.

Key words: korla pear; Bacillus velezensis; pear fire disease; xinjunan acetate; thiamphenicol microemulsion; kasugamycin; erwinia amyloliquefaciens; control effect

中图分类号:

S436.612

史应武, 牛新湘, 杨红梅, 楚敏, 包慧芳, 王宁, 詹发强, 林青, 杨蓉, 龙宣杞, 娄恺. 4种药剂对梨火疫病防病效果及库尔勒香梨产量与品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1432-1440.

SHI Yingwu, NIU Xinxiang, YANG Hongmei, CHU Min, BAO Huifang, WANG Ning, ZHAN Faqiang, LIN Qing, YANG Rong, LONG Xuanqi, LOU Kai. Field control effects of four fungicides on fragrant korla pear fire blight[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(6): 1432-1440.

图/表 5

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	药剂名称 Name of agent	平均落叶率 Average defoliation rate (%)	平均异形叶率 Average abnormal leaf rate (%)	总药害率 Total harm rate(%)
1	1 000×10⁸ CFU/g 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌300倍液	0^d	0^d	0^c
2	1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐	2.51±0.23^a	1.75±0.09^a	4.26±0.32^a
3	3%噻霉酮	1.73±0.14^c	1.37±0.12^b	3.10±0.26^b
4	6%春雷霉素	1.86±0.22^b	1.22±0.07^c	3.08±0.29^b
清水对照 Water control		0^d	0^d	0^c

	药剂名称 Name of agent	平均落叶率 Average defoliation rate (%)	平均异形叶率 Average abnormal leaf rate (%)	总药害率 Total harm rate(%)
1	1 000×10⁸ CFU/g 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌300倍液	0^d	0^d	0^c
2	1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐	2.51±0.23^a	1.75±0.09^a	4.26±0.32^a
3	3%噻霉酮	1.73±0.14^c	1.37±0.12^b	3.10±0.26^b
4	6%春雷霉素	1.86±0.22^b	1.22±0.07^c	3.08±0.29^b
清水对照 Water control		0^d	0^d	0^c

处理 Treat- ments	药剂名称 Name of agent	病害严重度 Disease severity	相对防效 Relative efficacy (%)
T₁	10⁷CFU/mL 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	7.50±0.32^h	71.64±1.21^a
T₂	10⁶CFU/mL 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	9.20±0.14^f	65.22±0.53^b
T₃	10⁵CFU/mL 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	12.88±0.16^c	51.30±0.60^e
T₄	300倍1.8% 辛菌胺醋酸盐	8.81±0.12^g	66.69±0.45^b
T₅	500倍1.8% 辛菌胺醋酸盐	11.59±0.15^d	56.18±0.57^cd
T₆	1 000倍1.8% 辛菌胺醋酸盐	15.79±0.14^b	40.30±0.53^f
T₇	500倍3% 噻霉酮微乳剂	8.86±0.13^g	66.50±0.49^b
T₈	1 000倍3% 噻霉酮微乳剂	11.06±0.16^d	58.19±0.60^c
T₉	1 500倍3% 噻霉酮微乳剂	15.37±0.16^b	41.89±0.60^f
T₁₀	500倍6% 春雷霉素水剂	7.33±0.15^h	72.28±0.57^a
T₁₁	1 000倍6% 春雷霉素水剂	10.45±0.14^e	60.49±0.53^c
T₁₂	1 500倍6% 春雷霉素水剂	12.11±0.16^c	54.22±0.60^d
CK	清水	26.45±0.67^a	—

处理 Treat- ments	药剂名称 Name of agent	病害严重度 Disease severity	相对防效 Relative efficacy (%)
T₁	10⁷CFU/mL 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	7.50±0.32^h	71.64±1.21^a
T₂	10⁶CFU/mL 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	9.20±0.14^f	65.22±0.53^b
T₃	10⁵CFU/mL 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	12.88±0.16^c	51.30±0.60^e
T₄	300倍1.8% 辛菌胺醋酸盐	8.81±0.12^g	66.69±0.45^b
T₅	500倍1.8% 辛菌胺醋酸盐	11.59±0.15^d	56.18±0.57^cd
T₆	1 000倍1.8% 辛菌胺醋酸盐	15.79±0.14^b	40.30±0.53^f
T₇	500倍3% 噻霉酮微乳剂	8.86±0.13^g	66.50±0.49^b
T₈	1 000倍3% 噻霉酮微乳剂	11.06±0.16^d	58.19±0.60^c
T₉	1 500倍3% 噻霉酮微乳剂	15.37±0.16^b	41.89±0.60^f
T₁₀	500倍6% 春雷霉素水剂	7.33±0.15^h	72.28±0.57^a
T₁₁	1 000倍6% 春雷霉素水剂	10.45±0.14^e	60.49±0.53^c
T₁₂	1 500倍6% 春雷霉素水剂	12.11±0.16^c	54.22±0.60^d
CK	清水	26.45±0.67^a	—

处理 Treatments	药剂名称 Name of agent	单果质量 Single fruit quality (g)	单株产量 Yield per plant (kg)	产量 Production (kg/667m²)
T₁	10⁷CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	121.15±2.47^a	308.40±1.77^a	8 017.78±86.14^a
T₂	10⁶CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	120.53±3.21^b	308.14±2.06^a	8 010.53±84.10^a
T₃	10⁵CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	118.88±2.39^d	305.80±3.72^ab	7 949.27±92.68^ab
T₄	300倍1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐	117.81±1.23^f	300.43±3.33^bc	7 810.42±93.90^bc
T₅	500倍1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐	118.27±3.11^d	302.42±3.78^abc	7 866.00±91.06^abc
T₆	1 000倍1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐	118.59±2.45^d	299.50±6.12^bc	7 782.68±94.36^bc
T₇	500倍3%噻霉酮微乳剂	117.86±4.58^ef	296.66±3.68^c	7 715.00±91.46^c
T₈	1 000倍3%噻霉酮微乳剂	118.06±2.62^de	302.84±3.73^abc	7 872.63±92.27^bc
T₉	1 500倍3%噻霉酮微乳剂	117.37±2.24^f	304.40±4.14^abc	7 913.13±90.23^ab
T₁₀	500倍6%春雷霉素水剂	118.33±3.62^d	306.67±3.68^ab	7 970.18±85.57^ab
T₁₁	1 000倍6%春雷霉素水剂	118.45±2.74^d	302.61±4.96^abc	7 865.98±93.09^abc
T₁₂	1 500倍6%春雷霉素水剂	119.11±5.45^c	300.47±4.59^bc	7 812.72±91.45^bc
CK	清水	117.45±3.89^f	288.67±4.61^d	7 505.80±93.49^d

4种药剂对梨火疫病防病效果及库尔勒香梨产量与品质的影响

Field control effects of four fungicides on fragrant korla pear fire blight

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Metrics

处理 Treatments	药剂名称 Name of agent	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%)	硬度 Hardness (kg/cm²)	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content (g/100g)	可滴定酸 Titratable acidity (%)
T₁	10⁷CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	13.47±0.53^a	3.66±0.15^a	10.76±0.47^a	0.074±0.007^ab
T₂	10⁶CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	13.20±0.49^a	3.47±0.15^ab	10.26±0.46^ab	0.075±0.002^a
T₃	10⁵CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	12.85±0.33^a	3.31±0.18^ab	10.30±0.50^ab	0.069±0.002^cd
T₄	300倍1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐	11.80±0.54^cd	3.32±0.19^ab	8.67±0.39^abc	0.072±0.003^abc
T₅	500倍1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐	12.73±0.37^ab	3.40±0.17^ab	9.17±0.43^abc	0.071±0.002^abcd
T₆	1 000倍1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐	12.59±0.36^ab	3.44±0.17^ab	9.32±0.34^abc	0.075±0.002^a
T₇	500倍3%噻霉酮微乳剂	10.81±0.50^d	3.29±0.20^b	5.62±3.71^c	0.074±0.001^ab
T₈	1 000倍3%噻霉酮微乳剂	11.10±0.62^cd	3.41±0.18^b	8.13±0.43^bc	0.069±0.001^bcd
T₉	1 500倍3%噻霉酮微乳剂	12.36±0.62^b	3.31±0.18^ab	8.82±0.37^abc	0.066±0.002^d
T₁₀	500倍6%春雷霉素水剂	11.32±0.52^cd	3.62±0.17^a	7.23±0.42^c	0.076±0.001^a
T₁₁	1 000倍6%春雷霉素水剂	11.44±0.66^cd	3.53±0.16^a	9.46±0.39^abc	0.072±0.001^abc
T₁₂	1 500倍6%春雷霉素水剂	12.05±0.63^c	3.29±0.17^b	9.23±0.45^abc	0.068±0.001^cd
CK	清水	11.46±0.49^cd	3.15±0.13^b	8.21±0.36^bc	0.072±0.002^abc

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处理 Treatments	药剂名称 Name of agent	防御酶活性Defense enzyme activity
处理 Treatments	药剂名称 Name of agent	POD	PPO	PAL
T₁	10⁷CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	726.10±21.39^a	19.32±1.44^ab	116.23±2.64^a
T₂	10⁶CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	715.03±17.77^ab	19.55±1.66^a	114.38±2.04^ab
T₃	10⁵CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	712.97±18.26^ab	19.41±1.67^ab	114.50±1.56^ab
T₄	300倍1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐	656.48±16.03^d	17.35±0.95^abc	108.15±3.81^cd
T₅	500倍1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐	671.21±17.49^cd	18.27±0.97^abc	105.22±2.35^cd
T₆	1 000倍1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐	704.85±17.51^abc	18.36±0.68^abc	106.27±2.33^cd
T₇	500倍3%噻霉酮微乳剂	663.03±20.96^cd	16.36±0.86^c	107.83±3.11^cd
T₈	1 000倍3%噻霉酮微乳剂	675.80±18.91^bcd	17.43±0.78^abc	106.01±2.80^cd
T₉	1 500倍3%噻霉酮微乳剂	703.73±16.23^abc	17.24±86^bc	103.90±3.50^d
T₁₀	500倍6%春雷霉素水剂	680.30±22.12^bcd	18.17±0.77^abc	110.10±2.34^bc
T₁₁	1 000倍6%春雷霉素水剂	710.03±20.86^abc	18.49±0.98^abc	109.98±2.68^bc
T₁₂	1 500倍6%春雷霉素水剂	713.80±17.77^ab	18.39±0.98^abc	107.61±2.51^cd
CK	清水	666.92±19.87^cd	16.2±0.99^d	97.35±2.43^e

处理 Treatments	药剂名称 Name of agent	防御酶活性Defense enzyme activity
处理 Treatments	药剂名称 Name of agent	POD	PPO	PAL
T₁	10⁷CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	726.10±21.39^a	19.32±1.44^ab	116.23±2.64^a
T₂	10⁶CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	715.03±17.77^ab	19.55±1.66^a	114.38±2.04^ab
T₃	10⁵CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌	712.97±18.26^ab	19.41±1.67^ab	114.50±1.56^ab
T₄	300倍1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐	656.48±16.03^d	17.35±0.95^abc	108.15±3.81^cd
T₅	500倍1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐	671.21±17.49^cd	18.27±0.97^abc	105.22±2.35^cd
T₆	1 000倍1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐	704.85±17.51^abc	18.36±0.68^abc	106.27±2.33^cd
T₇	500倍3%噻霉酮微乳剂	663.03±20.96^cd	16.36±0.86^c	107.83±3.11^cd
T₈	1 000倍3%噻霉酮微乳剂	675.80±18.91^bcd	17.43±0.78^abc	106.01±2.80^cd
T₉	1 500倍3%噻霉酮微乳剂	703.73±16.23^abc	17.24±86^bc	103.90±3.50^d
T₁₀	500倍6%春雷霉素水剂	680.30±22.12^bcd	18.17±0.77^abc	110.10±2.34^bc
T₁₁	1 000倍6%春雷霉素水剂	710.03±20.86^abc	18.49±0.98^abc	109.98±2.68^bc
T₁₂	1 500倍6%春雷霉素水剂	713.80±17.77^ab	18.39±0.98^abc	107.61±2.51^cd
CK	清水	666.92±19.87^cd	16.2±0.99^d	97.35±2.43^e