库尔勒香梨树生长期园艺修剪技术对梨火疫病的控害作用

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.017

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (6): 1441-1446.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.017

• 植物保护•土壤肥料•节水灌溉 • 上一篇下一篇

库尔勒香梨树生长期园艺修剪技术对梨火疫病的控害作用

马翔宇(), 班学, 唐丽, 苏宣乐, 刘振亚, 张王斌()

塔里木大学/南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室/南疆农业有害生物综合治理兵团重点实验室, 农业农村部阿拉尔作物有害生物科学观测实验站, 新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2023-11-05 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-08-08
通信作者: 张王斌(1974-),男,陕西人,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为植物病理学,(E-mail)zwbzky@163.com
作者简介:马翔宇(1998-),男,山东人,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物病理学,(E-mail)1602474170@qq.com
基金资助:
重点领域科技攻关计划项目“南疆枝枯病动态监测及防控关键技术集成研究”(2018AB038);新疆梨火疫病(苹果枝枯病)综合防控技术体系研发与示范(1221015)

Effect of horticultural pruning of Korla fragrant pear trees during the growth period on pear fire blight

MA Xiangyu(), BAN Xue, TANG Li, SU Xuanle, LIU Zhenya, ZHANG Wangbin()

The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang/Key Lab of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Comprehensive Agricultural Pest Management in Southern Xinjiang/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in Aral, Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China

Received:2023-11-05 Published:2024-06-20 Online:2024-08-08
Correspondence author: ZHANG Wangbin(1994-), male, from Shaani,professor, research direction: plant pathology, (E-mail)zwbzky@163.com
Supported by:
Project for Scientific and Technical Breakthrough in Key Ares of XPCC "Integrated Research on Key Technologies for Dynamic Monitoring and Control of Branch Blight in Southern Xinjiang"(2018AB038);Research and Development and Demonstration of Integrated Control Technology System for Pear Fire Blight (Apple Branch Blight) in Xinjiang(1221015)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究库尔勒香梨生长期园艺修剪技术对梨火疫病的控害作用,为控制梨火疫病扩散蔓延和过度修剪提供一定的技术支持。【方法】2022年5月11日开始,每隔10 d采集梨树发病枝条,取病健交界(距离病健交界5、10、15、20 cm处)韧皮部和木质部的部位,于室内检测病原菌。在5~10月,每月在病健交界处修剪,分析修剪对梨园内梨火疫病的控制作用。4月15日开始,每隔10 d在梨园内在发病枝条病健交界处(距离病健交界5、15、30 cm)进行修剪,分析田间不同修剪长度下对梨火疫病的控制效果。【结果】距离病健交界15 cm处未检测到病原菌。5~10月在病健交界处修剪,可将梨园内发病棵数从11棵降低为5棵,侵染点数由17个降为9个,距离病健交界15 cm处修剪,减少病枝带菌量,剪口处梨火疫病不易复发。【结论】从病健交界处修剪对梨火疫病具有一定控害作用,但存在修剪口梨火疫病反复发生的现象。为防止梨火疫病在剪口处复发,应距离病健交界处至少15 cm剪除病枝。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨; 园艺修剪; 梨火疫病

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effect of long-term horticultural pruning technology on pear fire disease control and provide some technical support for controlling the spread of pear fire disease and preventing excessive pruning. 【Methods】 Starting from May 11, 2022, the diseased shoots of pear trees were collected every 10 days, and the phloem and woody parts were separated from the disease-health junction at 5 cm, 10, 15 and 20 cm away from the disease-health junction, and the presence of pathogenic bacteria was detected indoors. From May to October, pruning was carried out monthly at the junction of disease and health to observe the control effect of pruning on pear fire blight in pear orchards. Starting from April 15, 2022, pruning was carried out every 10 days in pear orchards at the junction of diseased shoots and health at 5, 15 and 30 cm away from the junction of disease. 【Results】 Indoor testing found that no pathogenic bacteria could be detected at 15 cm from the junction of disease and health, and pruning at the junction of disease and health from May to October reduces the number of sick trees in pear orchards from 11 to 5, and the number of infection points decreased from 17 to 9. 【Conclusion】 In summary, pruning from the junction of disease and health has a certain control effect on pear fire blight, but there is a phenomenon of repeated occurrence of cut pear fire blight. To prevent the recurrence of pear fire blight at the incision site, the diseased branches should be cut at least 15 cm away from the junction of the diseased and healthy.

Key words: Korla Fragrant Pears; horticultural pruning; pear fire blight

中图分类号:

S436.61

马翔宇, 班学, 唐丽, 苏宣乐, 刘振亚, 张王斌. 库尔勒香梨树生长期园艺修剪技术对梨火疫病的控害作用[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1441-1446.

MA Xiangyu, BAN Xue, TANG Li, SU Xuanle, LIU Zhenya, ZHANG Wangbin. Effect of horticultural pruning of Korla fragrant pear trees during the growth period on pear fire blight[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(6): 1441-1446.

图/表 3

图1 病原菌从病状部位向未出现病状部位扩散距离注:a:韧皮部;b:木质部

Fig.1 The distance of the pathogen from the site of disease to the site of no disease Note:a: phloem; b: xylem

表1 病健交界处修剪枝条后梨园内梨火疫病发生比较

Tab.1 Occurrences of pear fire blight in pear orchard after pruning branches at the junction of disease and health

调查时间 Survey time (M/D)	发病棵数(株) Number of infected plants (plants)	侵染点总数(个) Total number of infected points (units)	侵染枝条总数(枝) Total number of infected branches (branches)	侵染总距离 Total distance of infection (cm)	侵染总级数 Total number of infection
5/16	11	17	23	437	21
6/16	11	23	36	761	23
7/16	7	12	22	281	14
8/16	6	10	22	218	10
9/16	5	9	20	171	9
10/16	5	9	11	103	9

图2 距离病健交界不同长度修剪对梨火疫病控害作用注:a:带病枝条未修剪时梨火疫病病原菌扩散距离(对照组);b:带病枝条从病健交界处修剪后梨火疫病病原菌扩散距离;c:带病枝条从距离病健交界5 cm处修剪后梨火疫病病原菌扩散距离;d:带病枝条从距离病健交界15和30 cm处修剪后梨火疫病病原菌扩散距离

Fig.2 Control of fire blight of pear by pruning diseased branches at different lengths from the boundary between diseased and healthy parts Note:a: The spread distance of pear fire blight pathogens when diseased branches were not pruned (control group); b: The spread distance of fire blight pathogens in pear after pruning diseased branches from the junction of disease and health; c: The spread distance of pathogenic bacteria of fire blight in pear after pruning diseased branches from 5cm away from the boundary between diseased and healthy; d: The spread distance of fire blight pathogens in pear after pruning diseased branches from 15 and 30 cm away from the boundary of disease and health

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库尔勒香梨树生长期园艺修剪技术对梨火疫病的控害作用

Effect of horticultural pruning of Korla fragrant pear trees during the growth period on pear fire blight

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