库尔勒香梨粗皮果矿质元素和氨基酸的含量分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.018

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (2): 407-415.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.018

• 园艺特产·植物保护·微生物·土壤肥料·节水灌溉 • 上一篇下一篇

库尔勒香梨粗皮果矿质元素和氨基酸的含量分析

曹艺洁¹^,²(), 史智勇², 玉苏甫·阿不力提甫², 艾沙江·买买提¹()

1.新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2022-08-22 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2023-03-31
通信作者: 艾沙江·买买提(1982-),男,新疆人,副研究员,博士,研究方向为果树生理及品质调控,(E-mail)103326533@qq.com
作者简介:曹艺洁(1997-),男,山西隰县人,硕士,研究方向为果树栽培生理与品质调控,(E-mail)1692666398@qq.com
基金资助:
自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费(KY2020113)

Analysis of Amino Acid and Mineral Elements in the Rough-skinned Fruits of Korla Pear

CAO Yijie¹^,²(), SHI Zhiyong², Yusup Ablitip², Aisajan Mamat¹()

1. Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2022-08-22 Published:2023-02-20 Online:2023-03-31
Correspondence author: Aisajan Maimait (1982-), male, associate research fellow,doctoral supervisor, research interest: fruit tree cultivation physiology and quality control,(E-mail)103326533@qq.com
Supported by:
Basic Scientific R &D Program of Public Welfare Research Institutions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(KY2020113)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究比较库尔勒香梨粗皮果和正常果中矿物质元素和氨基酸的差异,分析库尔勒香梨粗皮病与矿物质元素和氨基酸的关系。【方法】 以库尔勒地区15 a生的香梨树为材料,分别利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和超高效液相色谱-质谱联合分析(UHPLC-MRM-MS/MS)技术检测库尔勒香梨正常果和粗皮果果实中的矿物质元素和氨基酸的种类和含量,运用主成分分析法对其分析。【结果】 库尔勒香梨不同类型果实中共检测出14种矿质元素和23种氨基酸,其中10种矿物质元素和19种氨基酸在不同类型果实中差异性积累。10个差异矿物质元素里除了硼(B)和硅(Si),其余8个元素(钠(Na)、镁(Mg)、磷(P)、钾(k)、钙(Ca)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu))在正常果中含量明显高于粗皮果,矿物质在不同类型果实中的差异倍数为0.70~3.17倍。而19种差异氨基酸在香梨粗皮果中的含量显著高于正常果实,氨基酸在不同类型果实的差异倍数为1.11~6.61倍。在不同类型果实矿质元素中提取2个主成分,其中主成分1(PC₁)中Ca、K、Na等元素的分数较高,主成分2(PC₂)中Se、Cu、B等元素的分数较高,PC₁和PC₂中综合得分较高的元素为钙Ca、Mn、K等元素;针对不同类型果实种23种氨基酸进行主成分分析共提取2个主成分,其中PC₁中4-羟脯氨酸(4-Hyp)、鸟氨酸(Orn)、组氨酸(His)等的分数较高,PC₂中丝氨酸(Ser)、谷氨酸(Glu)、3-甲基-组氨酸(3-MeHis)等得分数较高,在PC₁和PC₂中苏氨酸(Thr)、丙氨酸(Ala)、4-Hyp等氨基酸的综合得分较高。【结论】 库尔勒香梨不同类型果实中矿物质元素和氨基酸含量具有显著差异,矿物质元素中的Ca、Mn、K和氨基酸中的Thr、Ala、4-Hyp综合的分数较高,其含量的差异可能是导致两种果实差异的原因。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨; 粗皮果; 矿物质元素; 氨基酸; 主成分分析

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the possible impacts of mineral elements and amino acids on rough-skin formation in Korla fragrant pear by comparing the differences o mineral elements and amino acids in rough-skinned fruits and normal fruits. 【Methods】 Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MRM-MS/MS) techniques were used to detect the types and contents of mineral elements and amino acids in normal and rough-skinned fruits o Korla fragrant pear fruits collected from 15-year-old pear trees growing in an orchard in Korla (Xinjiang, China). 【Results】 The principal component analysis was carried out on the mineral elements and amino acids. A total of 14 mineral elements and 23 amino acids were detected in different types of fruits of Korla fragrant pear, among which 10 mineral elements and 19 amino acids were differentially accumulated in two types of fruits. In addition to boron (B) and silicon (Si), the contents of the other 8 elements (Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Mn, Cu) in normal fruits were significantly higher than those in rough-skinned fruits with the fold-changes ranging from 0.70 to 3.17-fold. The contents of 19 differential accumulated amino acids in rough-skinned fruits were significantly higher than those in normal fruits, with the fold-changes ranging from 1.11 to 6.61-fold. Two principal components (PC) were extracted from principal component analysis (PCA) of these 14 mineral elements. Rough-skinned fruit samples and normal fruit samples were separated in the PC plot. Among them, Ca, K and Na had higher PC₁ correlation scores, while Se, Cu and B had higher PC₂ correlation scores. The elements with higher comprehensive scores in both PC₁ and PC₂ were Ca, Mn, K, etc. Similarly, two PCs were extracted from PCA of 23 amino acids, of which 4-hydroxyproline (4-hyp), ornithine (Orn) and histidine (His) had higher PC₁ correlation scores, and serine (Ser), glutamic acid (Glu) and 3-methyl-histidine (3-mehis) had higher PC₂ correlation scores. The amino acids with higher comprehensive scores in both PC₁ and PC₂ were threonine (Thr), alanine (Ala) and 4-Hyp. 【Conclusion】 The mineral elements and amino acids were differentially accumulated between two types of fruits. Differential accumulation of the mineral elements (Ca, Mn and K) and amino acids (Thr, Ala and 4-Hyp) with higher comprehensive scores might be one of the main reasons for the phenotypic differences between the rough-skinned and normal fruits.

Key words: Korla fragrant pear; rough-skinned fruits; mineral elements; amino acids; principal component analysis

中图分类号:

S661.2

曹艺洁, 史智勇, 玉苏甫·阿不力提甫, 艾沙江·买买提. 库尔勒香梨粗皮果矿质元素和氨基酸的含量分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(2): 407-415.

CAO Yijie, SHI Zhiyong, Yusup Ablitip, Aisajan Mamat. Analysis of Amino Acid and Mineral Elements in the Rough-skinned Fruits of Korla Pear[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(2): 407-415.

图/表 8

参考文献 33

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元素 Elements	粗皮果 Rough- skinned Fruit	正常果 Normal Fruit	投影值 VIP	显著性 P-value	差异倍数 Fold change
硼(B)	1 909	1 629.67	1.172	0.003	0.854
钠(Na)	5.98	12.40	1.208	0.000	2.074
镁(Mg)	121.28	192.33	1.212	0.000	1.586
硅(Si)	998	698.33	0.741	0.026	0.700
磷(P)	62.47	112.00	1.21	0.000	1.793
钾(K)	1 288.33	1 460.67	1.207	0.000	1.134
钙(Ca)	21.23	67.40	1.201	0.000	3.175
锰(Mn)	420	848.67	1.186	0.000	2.021
铁(Fe)	3.66	4.60	0.15	0.941	1.257
镍(Ni)	119.5	176	0.135	0.987	1.473
铜(Cu)	473.67	528	1.041	0.028	1.115
锌(Zn)	791.65	910.33	1.104	0.007	1.150
硒(Se)	1.68	2.46	0.617	0.348	1.464
钼(Mo)	3.60	6.52	0.809	0.157	1.811

元素 Elements	粗皮果 Rough- skinned Fruit	正常果 Normal Fruit	投影值 VIP	显著性 P-value	差异倍数 Fold change
硼(B)	1 909	1 629.67	1.172	0.003	0.854
钠(Na)	5.98	12.40	1.208	0.000	2.074
镁(Mg)	121.28	192.33	1.212	0.000	1.586
硅(Si)	998	698.33	0.741	0.026	0.700
磷(P)	62.47	112.00	1.21	0.000	1.793
钾(K)	1 288.33	1 460.67	1.207	0.000	1.134
钙(Ca)	21.23	67.40	1.201	0.000	3.175
锰(Mn)	420	848.67	1.186	0.000	2.021
铁(Fe)	3.66	4.60	0.15	0.941	1.257
镍(Ni)	119.5	176	0.135	0.987	1.473
铜(Cu)	473.67	528	1.041	0.028	1.115
锌(Zn)	791.65	910.33	1.104	0.007	1.150
硒(Se)	1.68	2.46	0.617	0.348	1.464
钼(Mo)	3.60	6.52	0.809	0.157	1.811

分类 Class	氨基酸名称 Amino acids	粗皮果 Rough-skinned fruit	正常果 Normal fruit	投影值 VIP	P值 P-value	差异倍数 Fold change
谷氨酸族 Glu pathway	甘氨酸(Gly)	163.35	104.58	1.07	0.001	1.56
	脯氨酸 (Pro)	20.148	5.49	1.08	0.003	3.67
	谷氨酸(Glu)	1 993.13	1 978.59	0.94	0.806	1.01
	谷氨酰胺(Gln)	591.77	315.13	1.07	0.000	1.88
	精氨酸(Arginine)	64.97	26.03	1.081	0.000	2.50
	羟脯氨酸(Hyp)	104.323	56.79	1.08	0.000	1.84
	鸟氨酸(Orn)	13.16	4.23	1.08	0.000	3.12
	瓜氨酸(Cit)	20.18	3.92	1.08	0.004	5.15
	氨基丁酸(GABA)	969.45	510.06	1.08	0.000	1.90
天冬氨酸族 Asp pathway	天冬氨酸(Asp)	8 918.79	7 465.51	1.06	0.000	1.20
	苏氨酸(Thr)	1 249.716	949.15	1.033	0.003	1.32
	天冬酰胺(Asn)	18 246.36	16 827.9	0.88	0.066	1.08
	甲硫氨酸(Met)	174.99	138.05	1.06	0.001	1.27
	赖氨酸(Ly)	134.96	66.57	1.08	0.000	2.03
芳香族 Aromatic amino acid pathway	苯丙氨酸(Phe)	92.82	59.86	1.08	0.000	1.55
	酪氨酸(Tyr)	2.06	1.09	1.04	0.003	1.89
	色氨酸(Try)	5.59	2.97	1.07	0.000	1.88
丙酮酸族 Pyruvate pathway	丙氨酸(Ala)	608.55	521.61	1.04	0.003	1.17
丙酮酸族 Pyruvate pathway	缬氨酸(Val)	1764.75	1594.40	1.03	0.007	1.11
丝氨酸族 Ser pathway	丝氨酸(Ser)	2 376.64	2 426.86	0.28	0.637	0.99
组氨酸族 His pathway	组氨酸(His)	113.81	17.22	1.08	0.000	6.61
	3-甲基组氨酸(3-Mehis)	21.77	18.59	0.79	0.17	1.17
	1-甲基组氨酸(1-Mehis)	13.55	7.79	1.02	0.013	1.74

分类 Class	氨基酸名称 Amino acids	粗皮果 Rough-skinned fruit	正常果 Normal fruit	投影值 VIP	P值 P-value	差异倍数 Fold change
谷氨酸族 Glu pathway	甘氨酸(Gly)	163.35	104.58	1.07	0.001	1.56
	脯氨酸 (Pro)	20.148	5.49	1.08	0.003	3.67
	谷氨酸(Glu)	1 993.13	1 978.59	0.94	0.806	1.01
	谷氨酰胺(Gln)	591.77	315.13	1.07	0.000	1.88
	精氨酸(Arginine)	64.97	26.03	1.081	0.000	2.50
	羟脯氨酸(Hyp)	104.323	56.79	1.08	0.000	1.84
	鸟氨酸(Orn)	13.16	4.23	1.08	0.000	3.12
	瓜氨酸(Cit)	20.18	3.92	1.08	0.004	5.15
	氨基丁酸(GABA)	969.45	510.06	1.08	0.000	1.90
天冬氨酸族 Asp pathway	天冬氨酸(Asp)	8 918.79	7 465.51	1.06	0.000	1.20
	苏氨酸(Thr)	1 249.716	949.15	1.033	0.003	1.32
	天冬酰胺(Asn)	18 246.36	16 827.9	0.88	0.066	1.08
	甲硫氨酸(Met)	174.99	138.05	1.06	0.001	1.27
	赖氨酸(Ly)	134.96	66.57	1.08	0.000	2.03
芳香族 Aromatic amino acid pathway	苯丙氨酸(Phe)	92.82	59.86	1.08	0.000	1.55
	酪氨酸(Tyr)	2.06	1.09	1.04	0.003	1.89
	色氨酸(Try)	5.59	2.97	1.07	0.000	1.88
丙酮酸族 Pyruvate pathway	丙氨酸(Ala)	608.55	521.61	1.04	0.003	1.17
丙酮酸族 Pyruvate pathway	缬氨酸(Val)	1764.75	1594.40	1.03	0.007	1.11
丝氨酸族 Ser pathway	丝氨酸(Ser)	2 376.64	2 426.86	0.28	0.637	0.99
组氨酸族 His pathway	组氨酸(His)	113.81	17.22	1.08	0.000	6.61
	3-甲基组氨酸(3-Mehis)	21.77	18.59	0.79	0.17	1.17
	1-甲基组氨酸(1-Mehis)	13.55	7.79	1.02	0.013	1.74

氨基酸组分 Amino acid Class	粗皮果 Rough-skinned fruit	正常果 Normal fruit	粗皮果 Rough-skinned fruit(%)	正常果 Normal fruit(%)
谷氨酸族Glu pathway	3 940.48	3 004.82	10.46	9.08
天冬氨酸族Asp pathway	28 724.82	25 447.18	76.26	76.87
芳香族Aromatic pathway	100.47	63.92	0.27	0.19
丙氨酸族Pyruvate pathway	2 373.30	2 116.01	6.30	6.39
丝氨酸族Ser pathway	2 376.64	2 426.86	6.31	7.33
组氨酸族 His pathway	149.13	43.60	0.40	0.13
总游离氨基酸 Total free amino acids	37 664.84	33 102.39	100.00	100.00

库尔勒香梨粗皮果矿质元素和氨基酸的含量分析

Analysis of Amino Acid and Mineral Elements in the Rough-skinned Fruits of Korla Pear

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Metrics

元素名称 Mineral elements	PC₁载荷 PC₁ load	PC₂载荷 PC₂ load	PC₁系数 PC₁ coefficient	PC₂系数 PC₂ coefficient	PC₁得分 PC₁ score	PC₂得分 PC₂ score	综合得分 Overall score	综合排名 Overall ranking
钙(Ca)	0.999	0.020	0.082	0.018	0.287	0.019	0.265	1
锰(Mn)	0.995	0.001	0.081	0.001	0.284	0.001	0.261	2
钾(K)	0.998	-0.047	0.082	-0.043	0.287	-0.045	0.260	3
铁(Fe)	0.991	-0.008	0.081	-0.008	0.284	-0.008	0.260	4
钠(Na)	0.998	-0.059	0.082	-0.055	0.287	-0.057	0.259	5
镁(Mg)	0.997	-0.040	0.081	-0.037	0.284	-0.038	0.257	6
锌(Zn)	0.960	0.064	0.078	0.060	0.273	0.062	0.256	7
磷(P)	0.994	-0.071	0.081	-0.066	0.284	-0.069	0.255	8
铜(Cu)	0.903	0.194	0.074	0.181	0.259	0.188	0.253	9
钼(Mo)	0.967	-0.160	0.079	-0.148	0.277	-0.154	0.242	10
硒(Se)	0.524	0.843	0.043	0.783	0.151	0.814	0.204	11
镍(Ni)	0.854	-0.496	0.070	-0.461	0.245	-0.479	0.186	12
硼(B)	-0.935	0.065	-0.076	0.061	-0.266	0.063	-0.239	13
硅(Si)	-0.861	-0.189	-0.070	-0.176	-0.245	-0.183	-0.240	14

氨基酸名称 Amino acids	PC₁载荷 PC₁ load	PC₂载荷 PC₂ load	PC₁系数 PC₁ coefficient	PC₂系数 PC₂ coefficient	PC₁得分 PC₁ score	PC₂得分 PC₂ score	综合得分 Overall score	综合排名 Overall ranking
苏氨酸(Thr)	0.967	0.215	0.049	0.088	0.217	0.138	0.208	1
丙氨酸(Ala)	0.977	0.103	0.050	0.042	0.222	0.066	0.204	2
羟脯氨酸(Hyp)	0.995	0.034	0.051	0.014	0.226	0.022	0.203	3
鸟氨酸(Orn)	0.994	0.018	0.051	0.007	0.226	0.011	0.202	4
组氨酸(His)	0.995	0.007	0.051	0.003	0.226	0.005	0.201	5
甘氨酸(Gly)	0.994	0.006	0.051	0.002	0.226	0.003	0.201	6
甲硫氨酸(Met)	0.985	0.051	0.050	0.021	0.222	0.033	0.201	7
氨基丁酸(GABA)	0.996	-0.019	0.051	-0.008	0.226	-0.013	0.200	8
赖氨酸(Lys)	0.999	-0.020	0.051	-0.008	0.226	-0.013	0.200	9
色氨酸(Try)	0.992	-0.020	0.051	-0.008	0.226	-0.013	0.200	10
精氨酸(Arg)	0.998	-0.035	0.051	-0.014	0.226	-0.022	0.198	11
酪氨酸(Tyr)	0.955	0.061	0.049	0.025	0.217	0.039	0.197	12
苯丙氨酸(Phe)	0.997	-0.054	0.051	-0.022	0.226	-0.034	0.197	13
脯氨酸 (Pro)	0.994	-0.056	0.051	-0.023	0.226	-0.036	0.197	14
谷氨酰胺(Glu)	0.992	-0.008	0.050	-0.003	0.222	-0.005	0.196	15
缬氨酸(Val)	0.962	0.041	0.049	0.017	0.217	0.027	0.196	16
1-甲基组氨酸 (1-MeHis)	0.939	0.025	0.048	0.01	0.213	0.016	0.191	17
瓜氨酸(Cit)	0.992	-0.091	0.050	-0.037	0.222	-0.058	0.191	18
3-甲基组氨酸 (3-MeHis)	0.769	0.509	0.039	0.208	0.173	0.326	0.190	19
天冬氨酸(Asp)	0.978	-0.160	0.050	-0.065	0.222	-0.102	0.186	20
天冬酰胺(Asn)	0.765	-0.573	0.039	-0.234	0.173	-0.366	0.113	21
谷氨酸(Glu)	0.146	0.925	0.007	0.378	0.031	0.592	0.093	22
丝氨酸(Ser)	-0.187	0.947	-0.009	0.387	-0.040	0.606	0.032	23

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成分 Components	特征向量值 Eigenvalues	方差百分比 Variance(%)	累积 Cumulative(%)
1	12.24	87.41	87.41
2	1.08	7.69	95.10
3	0.38	2.71	97.81

成分 Components	特征向量值 Eigenvalues	方差百分比 Variance(%)	累积 Cumulative(%)
1	12.24	87.41	87.41
2	1.08	7.69	95.10
3	0.38	2.71	97.81

成分 Compo- nents	特征向量值 Eigenvalues	方差百分比 Variance (%)	累积 Cumulative (%)
1	19.65	85.42	85.42
2	2.45	10.64	96.06
3	0.42	1.84	97.89

成分 Compo- nents	特征向量值 Eigenvalues	方差百分比 Variance (%)	累积 Cumulative (%)
1	19.65	85.42	85.42
2	2.45	10.64	96.06
3	0.42	1.84	97.89