不同滴灌灌水量对库尔勒香梨果实贮藏品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.017

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (7): 1696-1709.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.017

• 园艺特产·贮藏保鲜加工 • 上一篇下一篇

不同滴灌灌水量对库尔勒香梨果实贮藏品质的影响

许进宗(), 包建平()

塔里木大学园艺与林学学院/塔里木大学南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室/新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2023-12-30 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-09-04
通信作者: 包建平(1977-),女,新疆阿克苏人,教授,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为果树栽培生理与生态,(E-mail)baobao-xinjiang@126.com
作者简介:许进宗(1998-),男,新疆木垒人,硕士研究生,研究方向为果树栽培生理与生态,(E-mail)1589912638@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(3186110248);国家自然科学基金项目(U200310253);新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室开放课题(BRYB1903);新疆生产建设兵团科技创新人才计划项目(2021CB055);新疆生产建设兵团强青科技人才项目(2022CB001-11)

Effects of different irrigation amounts on storage quality of Korla fragrant pear fruit under irrigation mode

XU Jinzong(), BAO Jianping()

College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University/National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and High Quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Tarim University/Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Tarim Basin, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China

Received:2023-12-30 Published:2024-07-20 Online:2024-09-04
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(3186110248);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U200310253);Key Laboratory Open Project of Tarim Basin Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(BRYB1903);Science and Technology Innovation Talent Program Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2021CB055);Strengthening Programs for Young Scientific and Technological Personnel Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2022CB001-11)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同滴灌灌水量对新疆库尔勒香梨果实贮藏品质的影响,为筛选香梨节水灌溉量及提升其贮藏品质提供参考依据。【方法】以5年生主干形香梨树为试材,设置5个滴灌灌水量梯度W₁(5 460m³/hm²)、W₂(5 880m³/hm²)、W₃(6 380m³/hm²)、W₄(6 720 m³/hm²)和W₅(7 140 m³/hm²),成熟期各组随机采摘50个果实,分别贮藏0、10、20、30和40 d,测定果实品质。【结果】W₁(5 460 m³/hm²)处理果实不耐贮藏,在贮藏40 d时全部腐烂;W₅(7 140 m³/hm²)处理的果实贮藏品质最佳,贮藏40 d时,果皮可溶性蛋白质含量最高,为2.37 mg/g,果皮VC含量最高,为2.36 mg/100g,果肉可溶性糖含量最高,为11.6%,主成分综合评价排名第一。【结论】W₅(7 140 m³/hm²)滴灌灌水量下香梨果实贮藏40 d品质最佳,滴灌灌水量过少时不利于提升香梨果实贮藏品质。

关键词: 滴灌灌水量; 库尔勒香梨; 果实; 贮藏品质

Abstract:

【Objective】The research aims to study the effects of different drip irrigation amounts on the storage quality of Korla fragrant pear fruit, so as to provide reference for the study of water-saving irrigation and storage time of the fruit.【Methods】The 5-year-old trunk-shaped Korla fragrant pear tree was used as the test material, and 5 drip irrigation gradients were set. At the mature stage, 50 fruits were randomly picked in each group and stored for 0,10,20,30,40 d to determine the fruit quality.【Results】The fruits treated with W₁ (5,460 m³/hm²) were not resistant to storage and all rotted after 40 days of storage. The fruit treated with W₅ (7,140 m³/hm²) had the best storage quality. After 40 days of storage, the content of soluble protein in peel was the highest, which was 2.37 mg/g, the content of VC in peel was the highest, which was 2.36 mg/100g, and the content of soluble sugar in pulp was the highest, which was 11.6 %. The comprehensive evaluation of principal component analysis showed it ranked the first.【Conclusion】The fruit quality of Korla fragrant pear is the best after 40 days of long-term storage under the drip irrigation amount of W₅ (7,140 m³ / hm²). When the drip irrigation amount was too small, it was not conducive to the improvement of the storage quality of the pear.

Key words: irrigation; Korla fragrant pear; fruit; storage quality

中图分类号:

S661.2

许进宗, 包建平. 不同滴灌灌水量对库尔勒香梨果实贮藏品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1696-1709.

XU Jinzong, BAO Jianping. Effects of different irrigation amounts on storage quality of Korla fragrant pear fruit under irrigation mode[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(7): 1696-1709.

图/表 19

图1 试验小区分布

Fig.1 Overview distribution of the experimental plot

表1 不同时期的滴灌灌水方案

Tab.1 Drip irrigation schemes in different periods

时期 Period	处理 Handle	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₄	W₅
幼果发育期 The stage of development of young fruit	次数	2	2	2	2	2
幼果发育期 The stage of development of young fruit	灌水量(m³/hm²)	780	840	900	960	1 020
果实膨大前期 Early stage of fruit expansion	次数	2	2	2	2	2
果实膨大前期 Early stage of fruit expansion	灌水量(m³/hm²)	780	840	900	960	1 020
果实膨大后期 Late stage of fruit expansion	次数	2	2	2	2	2
果实膨大后期 Late stage of fruit expansion	灌水量(m³/hm²)	780	840	900	960	1 020
果实成熟前期 Early stage of fruit ripening	次数	1	1	1	1	1
果实成熟前期 Early stage of fruit ripening	灌水量(m³/hm²)	780	840	900	960	1 020
总生育期 Total fertility period	次数	7	7	7	7	7
总生育期 Total fertility period	灌水量(m³/hm²)	5 460	5 880	6 300	6 720	7 140

表2 不同时期的滴灌施肥方案

Tab.2 Drip irrigation in different periods(kg/667m2)

施肥时期 Fertilization period	纯养分量 Pure weight	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₄	W₅
花前(3月中旬) Before flower (mid-March)	N	4	4	4	4	4
	P₂O₅	3	3	3	3	3
	K₂O	3	3	3	3	3
幼果发育期 (4月中下旬~5月初) The stage of development of young fruit (Mid to late April early May)	N	6	6	6	6	6
	P₂O₅	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5
	K₂O	4	4	4	4	4
果实膨大前期 (5月中旬~6月初) Early stage of fruit expansion (Mid May-early June)	N	4	4	4	4	4
	P₂O₅	3	3	3	3	3
	K₂O	3	3	3	3	3
果实膨大后期 (6月中旬~7月底) Late stage of fruit expansion (Mid June end of July)	N	3	3	3	3	3
	P₂O₅	2.25	2.25	2.25	2.25	2.25
	K₂O	5	5	5	5	5
成熟前(8月上旬) Before maturity (early August)	N	3	3	3	3	3
	P₂O₅	2.25	2.25	2.25	2.25	2.25
	K₂O	5	5	5	5	5
全年总量 Total of the year	N	20	20	20	20	20
	P₂O₅	15	15	15	15	15
	K₂O	20	20	20	20	20
	合计	55	55	55	55	55

表3 不同滴灌灌水量下库尔勒香梨果实外观品质的变化

Tab.3 Changes of different drip irrigation water quantity on the fruit appearance quality of Korla fragrant pear

组别 Group	单果重 Single fruit weight (g)	纵径 Vertical diameter (mm)	横径 Transverse diameter (mm)	果形指数 Fruit index
W₁	136.9±5.23^a	70.51±6.73^b	62.96±4.79^a	1.12±0.07^a
W₂	99.5±5.84^b	98.47±15.8^a	54.32±3.31^b	1.10±0.06^a
W₃	108.8±7.71^b	97.72±7.71^a	54.39±2.12^b	1.10±0.06^a
W₄	104.34±6.68^b	104.34±16.68^a	55.45±3.38^b	1.10±0.06^a
W₅	110.10±2.90^b	63.81±6.68^b	56.14±3.08^b	1.13±0.07^a

图2 不同滴灌灌水量下贮藏期库尔勒香梨果实腐烂率的变化

Fig.2 Changes of different drip irrigation water amount on the fruit rot rate of Korla fragrant pear during the storage period

图3 不同滴灌灌水量下贮藏期库尔勒香梨果实带皮硬度的变化

Fig.3 Changes of different drip irrigation water quantity on the fruit skin hardness of Korla fragrant pear during the storage period

图4 不同滴灌灌水量下贮藏期库尔勒香梨果实可溶性固形物含量的变化

Fig.4 Changes of different drip irrigation water amount on the soluble solid content of Korla fragrant pear fruit during the storage period

图5 不同滴灌灌水量下贮藏期库尔勒香梨果实可溶性糖含量的变化

Fig.5 Changes of different drip irrigation water amount on the soluble sugar content of Korla fragrant pear fruit during the storage period

图6 不同滴灌灌水量下贮藏期库尔勒香梨果实可溶性蛋白质含量的变化

Fig.6 Changes of different drip irrigation water amount on the soluble protein content of Korla fragrant pear fruit during the storage period

图7 不同滴灌灌水量下贮藏期库尔勒香梨果实可滴定酸含量的变化

Fig.7 Changes of different drip irrigation water amount on the titratable acid content of Korla fragrant pear fruit during the storage period

图8 不同滴灌灌水量下贮藏期库尔勒香梨果实VC含量的变化

Fig.8 Changes of different drip irrigation water amount on VC content of Korla fragrant pear fruit during storage period

图9 不同滴灌灌水量下贮藏期果皮果肉叶绿素含量的变化

Fig.9 Changes of different drip irrigation water amount on chlorophyll content in fruit pulp during storage period

图10 不同滴灌灌水量下贮藏期库尔勒香梨果实胶粘性、咀嚼性、弹性的变化

Fig.10 Changes of different drip irrigation waterquantity on the viscosity, masticability and elasticity of Korla fragrant pear fruits during the storage period

图11 不同滴灌灌水量下贮藏期库尔勒香梨果皮细胞结构的变化注:WC:为蜡质层细胞;CU:为角质层细胞;CO:为皮层细胞

Fig.11 Changes of different drip irrigation water volume on the peel cell structure of Korla fragrant pear during the storage period Note: WC: waxy layer cells; CU: cuticular cells; CO: cortical cells

图12 不同滴灌灌水量下贮藏期库尔勒香梨果肉细胞结构的变化注:S:为石细胞

Fig.12 Changes of different drip irrigation water volume on the cell structure of Korla fragrant pear pulp during the storage period Note: S: for stone cells

图13 不同滴灌灌水量下贮藏期库尔勒香梨果皮角质层、蜡质层、皮层的变化

Fig.13 Effect of different drip irrigation water quantity on the cuticle, wax layer, wax layer and cortex layer of Korla fragrant pear peel during the storage period

表4 主成分的KMO 和 Bartlett 的检验

Tab.4 KMO and Bartlett tests for principal components

		主成分1 Principal compo- nent 1	主成分2 Principal compo- nent 2
KMO值 KMO value		0.634	0.638
Bartlett 球形度检验 Bartlett sphelicity test	近似卡方	8.912	10.235
	df	10	10
	P 值P value	0.540	0.418

表5 主成分线性组合系数矩阵

Tab.5 The linear combined coefficient matrix of principal components

名称 Name	主成分1 Principal component 1		名称 Name	主成分2 Principal component 2
名称 Name	成分1 Component 1	成分2 Component 2	名称 Name	成分1 Component 1	成分2 Component 2
果皮可溶性糖 Carp soluble sugar	-0.143	-0.182	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid	-0.448	0.344
果皮可溶性蛋白质 Rind-soluble protein	0.307	0.789	果肉可溶性糖 Carnal soluble sugar	0.436	0.298
果皮可滴定酸 The peel can be titrated with acid	0.455	-0.587	果肉可溶性蛋白质 The soluble protein of the pulp	-0.219	0.812
果皮VC Peel VC	0.586	-0.005	果肉可滴定酸 The pulp can be titrated with acid	0.457	0.361
可溶性固形物 Soluble solid	-0.578	-0.003	果肉VC Sarcocarp VC	0.594	0.063
方差解释率 The rate of variance interpretation	68.1%	31.9%	方差解释率 The rate of variance interpretation	67.9%	32.1%

表6 主成分得分综合排名

Tab.6 Comprehensive ranking of PCA scores

	主成分1得分 Principal component 1 scored	排名 Ranking	主成分2得分 Principal component 2 scored	排名 Ranking
W₂	-0.041	3	0.136	2
W₃	-1.446	4	0.028	3
W₄	0.004	2	-0.441	4
W₅	1.033	1	0.277	1

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不同滴灌灌水量对库尔勒香梨果实贮藏品质的影响

Effects of different irrigation amounts on storage quality of Korla fragrant pear fruit under irrigation mode

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