苹果蠹蛾生物学特性及其幼虫对核桃果实的为害习性

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.019

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (2): 434-440.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.02.019

• 园艺特产·土壤肥料·植物保护 • 上一篇下一篇

苹果蠹蛾生物学特性及其幼虫对核桃果实的为害习性

叶晓琴¹(), 曹小艳², 阿地力·沙塔尔¹()

1.新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2023-07-03 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2024-03-19
通信作者: 阿地力·沙塔尔(1968-),男,新疆莎车人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为林业有害生物监测与防控,(E-mail)adl1968@126.com
作者简介:叶晓琴(1997-),女,新疆木垒人,硕士研究生,研究方向为森林保护,(E-mail)yxq13201236435@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02004);子课题“核桃重大蛀果害虫暴发成灾规律;监测预警及防控关键技术研究”(2021B02004-1)

Biological characteristics of apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.)larvae and its harmful habits on walnut fruit

YE Xiaoqin¹(), CAO Xiaoyan², Adili Shataer¹()

1. College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2023-07-03 Published:2024-02-20 Online:2024-03-19
Supported by:
“Walnut Major Fruit Moth Pest Outbreak Disaster Law;Monitoring and Early Warning and Prevention and Control of Key Technology Research”(2021B02004-1)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究苹果蠹蛾幼虫寄主转移至核桃后的为害习性。【方法】在和田县连续2 a进行室内外幼虫蛀果习性观察。【结果】卵初产半透明色后逐渐加深,卵发育完全后,幼虫咬破卵壳爬出,不取食卵壳,取食核桃的幼虫龄数分为6龄;于叶片上孵化的幼虫,低龄期(1~3龄)取食叶片后转至果实为害,幼虫危害核桃果实时,由外果皮蛀不规则虫道向核仁蛀入,第1代幼虫于4龄开始转果,第2代于3龄末期开始转果,后持续在外果皮为害并多次转果,至幼虫发育完成后脱果,脱果幼虫多自上而下转移至树干60 ~ 120 cm范围内结茧化蛹,幼虫存在滞育现象。【结论】苹果蠹蛾共经历6个龄期,不同世代和龄期的幼虫为害习性有所差异,其为害习性受着卵位置、幼虫龄期和果实发育影响。

关键词: 苹果蠹蛾; 核桃果实; 为害习性; 化蛹场所

Abstract:

【Objective】 The codling moth(Cydia Pomonella L.)is an important quarantine pest in China.In 2018, it was found to harm walnut fruits in Hotan area of Xinjiang, which was the first report in China.This project aims to clarify the harmful habit of the larval host of Cydia pomonella transferred to walnut.【Methods】 The fruit eating habits of larvae were observed in Hotan County for two consecutive years.【Results】 The results showed that the translucent color of the eggs gradually deepened after the initial production.After the eggs were fully developed, the larvae chewed through the egg shell and crawled out without feeding on the egg shell.On the blade hatched larvae, the young period(1-3 instar)transferred to the fruit after feeding blade, larvae damage of walnut fruit, the epicarp irregular way to nucleoli moth corrupteth into the cavity, 1 generation larvae in 4 age began to turn, the second generation in the late age of 3 began to turn fruit, after continuous outer peel and repeatedly turn fruit, after the completion of the larval development to take off the fruit, The larvae migrated from top to bottom and formed cocoons and pupated within 60-120 cm of the trunk, and diapause was observed.【Conclusion】 In conclusion, there were six instars of codling moth.Larvae of different generations and instars had different damage habits, and their damage habits were affected by egg position, larval instar and fruit development.

Key words: Cydia pomonella; walnut fruit; hazard habit; pupation place

中图分类号:

S436.64

叶晓琴, 曹小艳, 阿地力·沙塔尔. 苹果蠹蛾生物学特性及其幼虫对核桃果实的为害习性[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(2): 434-440.

YE Xiaoqin, CAO Xiaoyan, Adili Shataer. Biological characteristics of apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.)larvae and its harmful habits on walnut fruit[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(2): 434-440.

图/表 6

图1 卵外部形态变化注:a~f为产卵后0~120 h卵的外部形态变化

Fig.1 External morphological changes of the egg Note:a-f refers to the external morphological changes of eggs 0-110 h after spawning

表1 苹果蠹蛾幼虫体征参数

Tab.1 Sign parameters of larval of colding moth

龄期 Instar	头壳 Head capsule widths(mm)	体长 Trunk length (mm)
1	0.32±0.021	3.23±0.020
2	0.42 ± 0.032	5.45 ± 0.021
3	0.79 ± 0.020	7.58 ± 0.030
4	1.07 ± 0.023	9.49 ± 0.033
5	1.36 ± 0.018	11.32 ± 0.020
6	1.57 ± 0.035	13.72 ± 0.032

图2 1~6龄幼虫注:a.1龄幼虫;b.2龄幼虫;c.3龄幼虫;d.4龄幼虫;e.5龄幼虫;f.6龄幼虫

Fig.2 1-6 instar larvae Note:a.First instar;b.Second instar; c.Third instar; d.Forth instar; e.Fifth instar; f.Sixth instar

图3 幼虫危害注:a~b.危害叶片;c.蛀孔情况;d.啃食青皮;e.虫粪;f.危害果实内部

Fig.3 Larvae harm Note:a-b.Leaf damage, c.Hole decay; d.Eat green skin; e.Insect dung; f.Harm the fruit inside

图4 蛀孔位置

Fig.4 Location of hole

表2 化蛹场所调查

Tab.2 Survey of the pupation sites

树干高度 Altitude of the trunk(cm)	东 East	南 South	西 West	北 North	总计 Sum	占比 Proportion(%)
0~30	3	3	6	12	24	1.16
30~60	50	60	82	88	280	13.51
60~90	151	215	250	191	807	38.95
90~120	149	171	185	191	696	33.59
120~150	34	51	56	62	203	9.80
150~180	13	19	10	17	59	2.85
180~210	0	0	1	2	3	0.14

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苹果蠹蛾生物学特性及其幼虫对核桃果实的为害习性

Biological characteristics of apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.)larvae and its harmful habits on walnut fruit

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