10种药剂防治梅下毛瘿螨的田间防效评价

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.11.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】筛选防治梅下毛瘿螨的有效药剂。【方法】选取5种单剂及5种复配剂筛选田间药剂。采用单剂及复配药剂2次开展防治梅下毛瘿螨田间药效评价。药后3、6、9、12和15 d分别调查虫口密度,计算虫口减退率及防效,筛选出绿色高效的药剂及最佳浓度。【结果】15%阿维·螺虫酯(SC)1 500倍液对成螨防效好,药后15 d防效为86.24%,其次是5%阿维菌素(EC)+30%乙唑螨腈(SC)复配剂 2 000倍液、20%吡虫啉(SL)1 500倍液对成螨、卵的防效较好,药后15 d防效分别为71.95%、79.51%,后期持效性稳定。5%阿维菌素(EC)2 500倍液对成螨防效最差,显著低于防效好的药剂(P<0.05)。15%阿维·螺虫酯(SC)2 500倍液对卵防效最差,药后6、12 d防效呈负值,其次200 g/L双甲脒2 000倍液,药后防效均不超过33%。其他药剂浓度处理的防效介于上述二者之间。【结论】15%阿维·螺虫酯(SC)1 500倍液、30%阿维·乙唑螨腈(SC)2 000倍液和20%吡虫啉(SL)1 500、2 000倍液对梅下毛瘿螨的防效较好,可在田间轮换使用。

关键词: 梅下毛瘿螨; 药剂筛选; 田间防治; 防治效果

Abstract:

【Objective】 To screen effective pesticides for the control of Acalitus phloeocoptes Nalepa. 【Methods】 By selecting 5 single agents and 5 compound agents for field pesticide screening research. Two field efficacy evaluations were conducted on the control of Acalitus phloeocoptes Nalepa using single and compound pesticides. At 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days after treatment, the insect population density was investigated, the rate of insect population reduction and control effect were calculated, and green and efficient drugs and the optimal concentration were selected. 【Results】 The 1,500 fold solution of 15% avermectin·spirochete (SC) had a good control effect on adult mites, with a control effect of 86.24% after 15 days of treatment. The second was the 2,000-fold solution of 5% avermectin (EC)+30% imidacloprid (SC) complex, and the 1,500-fold solution of 20% imidacloprid (SL). The control effect on adult mites and eggs was good, with a control effect of 71.95% and 79.51% after 15 days of treatment, respectively. The sustained efficacy was stable in the later stage. The 2,500-fold solution of 5% avermectin (EC) had the worst control effect on adult mites, significantly lower than the effective drug (P<0.05). The 2,500-fold solution of 15% avermectin (SC) had the worst egg control effect, with negative results at 6 and 12 days after treatment, followed by a 2,000-fold solution of 200 g/L amitraz, with no more than 33% post treatment effect. The prevention effect of other drug concentration treatments is between the two mentioned above.【Conclusion】 The 15% avermectin spirochete (SC) 1,500 fold solution, 30% avermectin triadimefon (SC) 2,000 fold solution, and 20% imidacloprid (SL) 1,500 and 2,000 fold solution have good control effects on the Acalitus phloeocoptes Nalepa, and can be rotated for use in the field.

Key words: Acalitus phloeocoptes Nalepa; drug screening; field control efficacy; prevention and control effect

中图分类号:

齐平, 索银·图娅, 魏杨, 张硕, 阿地力·沙塔尔, 阿地里·艾合买提. 10种药剂防治梅下毛瘿螨的田间防效评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(11): 2761-2768.

QI Ping, Suoyin Tuya, WEI Yang, ZHANG Shuo, Adili Shataer, Adili Aihemaiti. Evaluation of field control efficacy of 10 medications against Acalitus phloeocoptes Nalepa[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(11): 2761-2768.

图/表 4

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药剂名称 Insecticides	浓度倍数 Dilution	药后3 d 3 d after application	药后6 d 6 d after application	药后9 d 9 d after application	药后12 d 12 d after application	药后15 d 15 d after application
药剂名称 Insecticides	浓度倍数 Dilution	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy
15%阿维·螺虫酯(SC) 15%Avermectin· Spirotetramat	1 500	64.45±0.99^a	66.43±4.04^ab	73.63±3.33^ab	75.61±4.05^a	86.24±1.87^a
	2 000	54.72±0.19^abc	56.58±2.96^abc	63.15±4.26^abcde	69.22±1.30^ab	75.5±1.07^abc
	2 500	48.46±8.87^abcde	53.25±2.36^abc	58.89±1.06^bcde	66.35±5.31^ab	80.27±2.23^ab
24%阿维·乙螨唑(SC) 15%Avermectin·Etoxazole	2 000	65.47±3.33^a	52.88±1.83^abc	53.78±1.55^bcdef	46.65±8.17^cd	42.51±9.81^def
	2 500	57.77±4.07^abc	52.74±5.57^abc	47.88±2.90^efg	46.36±3.89^cd	38.85±6.65^defg
	3 000	48.01±3.40^abcde	49.12±5.86^bcd	30.23±6.36^g	43.59±3.48^cd	22.61±4.41^fgh
33%阿维·螺螨酯(SC) 33%Avermectin· Spirodiclofen	2 000	38.2±9.03^bcde	45.73±6.46^cd	52.47±8.41^cdef	41.12±4.38^cde	26.41±12.96^fg
	2 500	33.98±11.54^cde	45.08±12.40^cd	43.47±4.39^efg	32.76±5.84^de	16.61±10.71^gh
	3 000	26.59±2.45^e	32.37±6.83^d	42.44±6.60^efg	26.41±1.19^e	1.40±12.16^h
5%阿维菌素(EC)+ 30%乙唑螨腈(SC) 5%Avermectin+30% Cyetpyrafen	2 000	61.71±1.41^ab	69.56±2.13^a	80.22±1.70^a	76.03±4.44^a	71.95±3.11^abc
	2 500	53.56±2.39^abc	61.67±3.51^abc	71.62±5.19^abc	63.95±11.47^ab	58.10±10.39^bcd
	3 000	50.35±4.79^abcd	62.14±3.78^abc	68.60±5.05^abcd	55.97±2.03^bc	52.78±6.43^cde
5%阿维菌素(EC)+ 50%噻虫嗪(WG) 5%Avermectin+50% Thiamethoxam	2 000	53.42±3.38^abc	55.93±6.45^abc	49.56±8.83^defg	44.59±6.07^cd	44.64±3.17^def
	2 500	39.56±8.38^bcde	44.98±2.65^cd	45.74±7.22^efg	37±2.79^de	38.97±1.48^defg
	3 000	28.83±17.73^de	34.23±4.25^d	37.82±13.40^fg	38.20±4.57^de	29.45±6.96^efg

药剂名称 Insecticides	浓度倍数 Dilution	药后3 d 3 d after application	药后6 d 6 d after application	药后9 d 9 d after application	药后12 d 12 d after application	药后15 d 15 d after application
药剂名称 Insecticides	浓度倍数 Dilution	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy
15%阿维·螺虫酯(SC) 15%Avermectin· Spirotetramat	1 500	64.45±0.99^a	66.43±4.04^ab	73.63±3.33^ab	75.61±4.05^a	86.24±1.87^a
	2 000	54.72±0.19^abc	56.58±2.96^abc	63.15±4.26^abcde	69.22±1.30^ab	75.5±1.07^abc
	2 500	48.46±8.87^abcde	53.25±2.36^abc	58.89±1.06^bcde	66.35±5.31^ab	80.27±2.23^ab
24%阿维·乙螨唑(SC) 15%Avermectin·Etoxazole	2 000	65.47±3.33^a	52.88±1.83^abc	53.78±1.55^bcdef	46.65±8.17^cd	42.51±9.81^def
	2 500	57.77±4.07^abc	52.74±5.57^abc	47.88±2.90^efg	46.36±3.89^cd	38.85±6.65^defg
	3 000	48.01±3.40^abcde	49.12±5.86^bcd	30.23±6.36^g	43.59±3.48^cd	22.61±4.41^fgh
33%阿维·螺螨酯(SC) 33%Avermectin· Spirodiclofen	2 000	38.2±9.03^bcde	45.73±6.46^cd	52.47±8.41^cdef	41.12±4.38^cde	26.41±12.96^fg
	2 500	33.98±11.54^cde	45.08±12.40^cd	43.47±4.39^efg	32.76±5.84^de	16.61±10.71^gh
	3 000	26.59±2.45^e	32.37±6.83^d	42.44±6.60^efg	26.41±1.19^e	1.40±12.16^h
5%阿维菌素(EC)+ 30%乙唑螨腈(SC) 5%Avermectin+30% Cyetpyrafen	2 000	61.71±1.41^ab	69.56±2.13^a	80.22±1.70^a	76.03±4.44^a	71.95±3.11^abc
	2 500	53.56±2.39^abc	61.67±3.51^abc	71.62±5.19^abc	63.95±11.47^ab	58.10±10.39^bcd
	3 000	50.35±4.79^abcd	62.14±3.78^abc	68.60±5.05^abcd	55.97±2.03^bc	52.78±6.43^cde
5%阿维菌素(EC)+ 50%噻虫嗪(WG) 5%Avermectin+50% Thiamethoxam	2 000	53.42±3.38^abc	55.93±6.45^abc	49.56±8.83^defg	44.59±6.07^cd	44.64±3.17^def
	2 500	39.56±8.38^bcde	44.98±2.65^cd	45.74±7.22^efg	37±2.79^de	38.97±1.48^defg
	3 000	28.83±17.73^de	34.23±4.25^d	37.82±13.40^fg	38.20±4.57^de	29.45±6.96^efg

药剂名称 Insecticides	浓度倍数 Dilution	药后3 d 3 d after application	药后6 d 6 d after application	药后9 d 9 d after application	药后12 d 12 d after application	药后15 d 15 d after application
药剂名称 Insecticides	浓度倍数 Dilution	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy
15%阿维·螺虫酯(SC) 15%Avermectin· Spirotetramat	1 500	27.72±9.64^bc	25±5.72^bc	24.33±6.38^bc	52.56±6.27^ab	20.44±7.72^efg
	2 000	14.43±2.26^c	9.03±21.73^cd	-4.51±5.30^d	43.56±14.46^ab	-3.12±8.68^h
	2 500	9.05±16.06^c	-18.37±23.02^d	16.40±18.97^cd	-2.63±30.26^c	4.74±11.34^gh
24%阿维·乙螨唑(SC) 24%Avermectin· Etoxazole	2 000	72.71±1.77^a	69.11±0.58^a	56.77±7.59^a	58.43±4.37^ab	53.58±1.84^bc
	2 500	70.92±1.38^a	66.87±4.37^a	60.19±11.97^a	60.77±1.81^ab	54±5.42^bc
	3 000	63.46±4.17^a	56.21±3.82^ab	56.09±10.38^a	47.67±5.32^ab	38.82±9.25^cde
33%阿维·螺螨酯(SC) 33%Avermectin· Spirodiclofen	2 000	21.21±7.06^bc	66.71±3.09^a	49.55±13.74^ab	54.94±2.32^ab	48.97±3.65^bc
	2 500	25.54±6.97^bc	69.60±5.07^a	52.45±6.01^a	57.05±17.23^ab	50.57±1.93^bc
	3 000	15.19±4.15^c	57.82±4.00^ab	48.27±3.51^ab	45.78±10.09^ab	44.18±5.10^cd
5%阿维菌素(EC)+ 30%乙唑螨腈(SC) 5%Avermectin+30% Cyetpyrafen	2 000	75.23±2.16^a	72.01±2.50^a	72.84±2.82^a	75.63±2.40^a	76.33±2.22^a
	2 500	74.96±4.82^a	74.11±1.41^a	74.46±3.58^a	72.96±2.81^a	75.94±10.55^a
	3 000	67.02±3.34^a	66.35±0.12^a	72.00±2.89^a	69.59±2.44^ab	69.22±1.74^ab
5%阿维菌素(EC)+ 50%噻虫嗪(WG) 5%Avermectin+50% Thiamethoxam	2 000	29.04±3.26^bc	30.59±15.38^bc	52.76±1.14^a	50.46±4.39^ab	24.7±4.09^defg
	2 500	40.67±9.23^b	38.56±17.43^abc	51.48±4.41^a	48.53±6.45^ab	27.29±6.04^def
	3 000	29.18±14.37^bc	28.86±8.80^bc	51.47±4.78^a	32.45±10.93^b	16.42±6.96^fgh

药剂名称 Insecticides	浓度倍数 Dilution	药后3 d 3 d after application	药后6 d 6 d after application	药后9 d 9 d after application	药后12 d 12 d after application	药后15 d 15 d after application
药剂名称 Insecticides	浓度倍数 Dilution	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy	防效(%) Control efficacy
15%阿维·螺虫酯(SC) 15%Avermectin· Spirotetramat	1 500	27.72±9.64^bc	25±5.72^bc	24.33±6.38^bc	52.56±6.27^ab	20.44±7.72^efg
	2 000	14.43±2.26^c	9.03±21.73^cd	-4.51±5.30^d	43.56±14.46^ab	-3.12±8.68^h
	2 500	9.05±16.06^c	-18.37±23.02^d	16.40±18.97^cd	-2.63±30.26^c	4.74±11.34^gh
24%阿维·乙螨唑(SC) 24%Avermectin· Etoxazole	2 000	72.71±1.77^a	69.11±0.58^a	56.77±7.59^a	58.43±4.37^ab	53.58±1.84^bc
	2 500	70.92±1.38^a	66.87±4.37^a	60.19±11.97^a	60.77±1.81^ab	54±5.42^bc
	3 000	63.46±4.17^a	56.21±3.82^ab	56.09±10.38^a	47.67±5.32^ab	38.82±9.25^cde
33%阿维·螺螨酯(SC) 33%Avermectin· Spirodiclofen	2 000	21.21±7.06^bc	66.71±3.09^a	49.55±13.74^ab	54.94±2.32^ab	48.97±3.65^bc
	2 500	25.54±6.97^bc	69.60±5.07^a	52.45±6.01^a	57.05±17.23^ab	50.57±1.93^bc
	3 000	15.19±4.15^c	57.82±4.00^ab	48.27±3.51^ab	45.78±10.09^ab	44.18±5.10^cd
5%阿维菌素(EC)+ 30%乙唑螨腈(SC) 5%Avermectin+30% Cyetpyrafen	2 000	75.23±2.16^a	72.01±2.50^a	72.84±2.82^a	75.63±2.40^a	76.33±2.22^a
	2 500	74.96±4.82^a	74.11±1.41^a	74.46±3.58^a	72.96±2.81^a	75.94±10.55^a
	3 000	67.02±3.34^a	66.35±0.12^a	72.00±2.89^a	69.59±2.44^ab	69.22±1.74^ab
5%阿维菌素(EC)+ 50%噻虫嗪(WG) 5%Avermectin+50% Thiamethoxam	2 000	29.04±3.26^bc	30.59±15.38^bc	52.76±1.14^a	50.46±4.39^ab	24.7±4.09^defg
	2 500	40.67±9.23^b	38.56±17.43^abc	51.48±4.41^a	48.53±6.45^ab	27.29±6.04^def
	3 000	29.18±14.37^bc	28.86±8.80^bc	51.47±4.78^a	32.45±10.93^b	16.42±6.96^fgh

药剂名称 Insecticides	浓度倍数 Dilution	药后3 d 3 d after application	药后6 d 6 d after application	药后9 d 9 d after application	药后12 d 12 d after application	药后15 d 15 d after application
药剂名称 Insecticides	浓度倍数 Dilution	虫口减退率 Decline rate (%)	虫口减退率 Decline rate (%)	虫口减退率 Decline rate (%)	虫口减退率 Decline rate (%)	虫口减退率 Decline rate (%)
43%联苯肼酯(SC) 43%Bifenazate	1 500	60.99±1.02^ab	21.69±6.00^bcd	26.95±9.96^cdef	33.27±7.23^bcd	21.04±6.43^cdef
	2 000	58.19±3.07^abc	11.55±11.02^bcde	17.65±8.61^defg	17.05±3.07^cd	-2.71±3.27^fg
	2 500	45.53±5.66^bc	-0.87±1.42^bcd	5.84±7.47^fg	2.87±16.21^cd	-16.33±6.52^g
200 g/L双甲脒(EC) 200 g/L Amitraz	1 000	63.56±3.00^ab	45.17±5.52^ab	41.33±3.96^bcde	40.25±7.66^abc	37.77±4.07^bcde
	1 500	59.7±0.20^ab	32.7±6.35	31.6±4.49^cdef	33.77±11.32^bcd	29.22±3.15^bcdef
	2 000	41.51±3.75^cd	11.42±9.26^bcde	10.18±10.48^efg	14.24±13.15^cd	5.96±13.18^efg
5%阿维菌素(EC) 5%Avermectin	1 500	40.17±5.55^cd	9.34±13.99^bcde	43.7±8.64^bcd	55.67±6.53^ab	59.83±2.62^ab
	2 000	20.9±5.90^ef	-6.51±19.70^de	39.21±18.96^cde	15.37±14.64^cd	20.31±12.22^cdef
	2 500	-5.93±9.32^g	-17.30±3.69^e	27.87±3.02^cdef	4.45±9.70^cd	8.18±6.03^defg
50%丁醚脲(SC) 50%Diafenthiuron	1 000	54.55±0.41^abc	30.87±7.63^bc	22.55±8.92^cdefg	26.67±5.51^bcd	40.24±8.51^bcd
	1 500	26.90±3.35^de	22.43±23.69^bcd	17.77±7.76^defg	14.54±20.30^cd	36.12±9.08^bcde
	2 000	8.69±10.47^fg	-1.85±14.75^cde	-6.02±14.83^g	-1.81±11.15^d	13.07±19.28^defg
20%吡虫啉(SL) 20%Imidacloprid	1 500	69.40±3.68^a	69.96±4.81^a	73.69±7.99^a	75.79±2.01^a	79.51±4.78^a
	2 000	63.31±4.05^ab	68.03±4.68^a	70.18±3.42^ab	58.15±6.47^ab	48.27±3.97^bc
	2 500	45.29±9.91^bc	45.52±8.01^ab	50.01±7.69^abc	40.06±18.33^abc	36.94±19.38^bcde
CK	—	60.99±1.02^ab	21.69±6.00^bcd	26.95±9.96^cdef	33.27±7.23^bcd	21.04±6.43^cdef