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20 February 2023, Volume 60 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Cultivation Physiology·Germplasm Resources·Physiology and Biochemistry
Horticultural Special Local Products·Plant Protection·Microbes·Soil Fertilizer· Water Saving Irrigation
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Cultivation Physiology·Germplasm Resources·Physiology and Biochemistry

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Heterosis Performance and Their Parental Combining Ability Analysis of F1 and F2 Hybrids of Upland Cotton at Seedling Stage CHEN Liangliang, ZHANG Meng, GUO Liping, QI Tingxiang, ZHANG Xuexian, TANG Huini, WANG Hailin, QIAO Xiuqin, WU Jianyong, XING Chaozhu 2023, 60(2): 261-271.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (833KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical foundation for the selection of superior parents, hybrid combinations and F2 of cotton product application. 【Method】 Eight parents from areas of Yellow River, Yangtze River and Northwest Inland were divided into two groups of 5 or 3 respectively, and made crosses according to NCⅡ design of the incomplete diallel cross (5×3); The plant height, leaf seedling SPAD values, and photosynthesis parameters of the parental, F1, F2 and control varieties were determined under field environmental conditions. 【Result】 The results showed that, both broad sense heritability and narrow sense hetriability in plant height, SPAD, photosynthetic parameter were relatively high and some traits of F2 heritability was higher than that of F1 in seeding stage. Every trait of the parent with best general combining ability(GCA) were P1(Zhong 901), P2(ZB), P6(DT) and P7(Z98) in seeding stage. The hybrid F1 and F2 which showed better special combining ability in each character at seedling stage were combination 2(Zhong901×Z98), combination 5(ZB×Z98) and combination 7(SJ48×DT). The 15 hybrid combinations F1 and F2 showed different competitive advantages in seeding stage compared with the contol, and some combinations showed significant differences. Mostly combinations of F1 and F2 showed positive heterosis advantage with competitive advantage, the mid-parent and high-parent in plant height, SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, but in others traits, F1 and F2 combinations showed negative heterosis advantage with mid-parent and high-parent. 【Conclusion】 In this study, based on breeding practice of hybrid cotton varieties, the heterosis performance and combining ability in different generations of traits at seedling stage are systematically analyzed. It is found that the hybrid combination composed of the male parent P7 (Z98) group performs better than other combinations in the seedling stage traits and has a greater utilization potential.

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Study on Roofing Effects of Different Concentration Ethephon Compound Reagents on Cotton LU Xi, LI Pengbing, LI Minghua, WEN Ming, DONG Zhiqiang, LU Yang, LIU Yang, MA Fuyu 2023, 60(2): 272-278.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1085KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the rule of the growth and yield formation of cotton under drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang with different concentrations of ethephon compound reagent, to seek the optimal concentration combination, and to provide theoretical basis for the application and promotion of cotton chemical topping technology. 【Method】 Luyanyan 24 was used as the test variety, and 5 ethephon with different concentrations (C1: 0 mg/L, C2: 100 mg/L, C3: 200 mg/L, C4: 400 mg/L, C5:800 mg/L) combined with unidazole to study the effects of different compound reagents on the growth and yield formation of cotton under drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang. 【Result】 Compared with C1 treatment, the final length of new main stem was reduced by 10.9%-34.67% in other treatments.Compared with CK, plant height was significantly increased by 10.55%-21.26% under C1, C2, C3 and C4 treatments.Each treatment significantly increased fruit branches by 1.9-2.7 and leaf age by 2-3.2.Under C4 and C5 treatments, internode length was significantly reduced by 7.21% and 7.75%, respectively.Under C3 treatment, SPAD value was significantly increased by 8.22% and 8.46% on 101 d and 125 d after sowing, respectively.The dry matter weight of leaves, stem and reproductive organs under C3 treatment significantly increased by 16.97%, 14.57% and 38.68%, respectively, in the late bolling stage.The dry matter weight of leaves, stem and reproductive organs under C3 treatment significantly increased by 22.56%, 13.92% and 36.6% in the stage of bolling.Under C3 treatment, the boll-forming rate of the upper part was up to 47.5%, which increased by 36.67%, and the boll number per plant was significantly increased by 18.18%.Under C3 treatment, the seed cotton yield was significantly increased by 17.64% and 880.5 kg/hm2. 【Conclusion】 The combination of ethephon and enbulobuzol could control the plant height, increase the number of fruit branches and leaf age, shorten the internode length of main stem, increase the SPAD value, increase the dry matter weight of each organ, promote boll formation in the upper part of cotton plant to a certain extent, and finally increase the yield.All things considered, the ethephon concentration at 200 mg/L combined with enlobuzole effect is the best, which can be used for cotton chemical topping.

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Effects of Different Topping Agents on Cotton Dry Matter, Yield and Quality ZHANG Fengjiao, WU Gang, QIN Wenbin, WANG Hui, LIU Chunyan, HE Liangrong 2023, 60(2): 279-285.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (668KB) ( )   【Objective】 To improve the application effect of chemical topping agent,and to compare the application effect of flupentine and cuhuawang cotton topping agent in southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 In 2020,three cotton varieties Xinluzhong 37,Xinluzhong 70 and Xinluzhong 82 were selected and treated with the other three treatments: artificial topping (CK),flupentine application and Cuhuawang application. Two factor split plot design was adopted.The main plot was treated with two topping agents (flupentine combined with mepiquat,Cuhuawang molding agent combined with topping agent) and artificial topping (CK),and the sub plot was treated with three cotton varieties with three repetitions. 【Result】 The proportion of reproductive organs in the main treatments on September 3 was the highest,and that in the treatment of promoting chemical king was the lowest;the proportion of distribution coefficient of vegetative organs in the main treatments on September 3 was the highest when spraying Cuhuawang,and the lowest when spraying fluthrin.Comparison among main treatments:the seed cotton yield of Xinluzhong 70 under Cuhuawang treatment was the highest than that of other varieties,and the other two varieties were the highest under fluthrin treatment;Xinluzhong 37 had the highest lint percentage under the treatment of fluthrin,the other two varieties had the highest lint percentage under the treatment of Cuhuawang,and the three varieties under the treatment of artificial topping had the lowest lint percentage.The results also showed that the average length and breaking strength of the upper part of cotton fiber were the best,while the micronaire value and elongation were the worst. 【Conclusion】 The proportion of reproductive organs under fluthrin treatments on September 3 was the highest and that in the treatment of promoting Cuhuawang was the lowest the proportion of vegetative organs was opposite to that of reproductive organs.The seed cotton yield of Xinluzhong 70 under Cuhuawang treatment was the highest than that of other varieties,and the other two varieties were the highest under fluthrin treatment;Xinluzhong 37 had the highest lint percentage under the treatment of fluthrin,the other two varieties had the highest lint percentage under the treatment of cuhuawang,and the three varieties under the treatment of artificial topping had the lowest lint percentage.While the micronaire value and elongation were the worst;The results showed that the length uniformity and yellowness of cotton fiber were the best,and the specific strength was the worst;under artificial topping treatment,the micronaire value and elongation of cotton fiber were the best,while the average length of upper part,length uniformity and yellowness were the worst.

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Identification and Screen from Eighteen Foreign Cotton Germplasm on Agronomy and Verticillium Resistance MA Qingqian, YANG Honglan, WEI Xin, ZHANG Dawei, Alisher A Abdullaev, CHENG Lihua, ZHANG Daoyuan 2023, 60(2): 286-294.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (888KB) ( )   【Objective】 To enrich Xinjiang cotton resource pool and provide Verticillium wilt resistance resources from the introduced eighteen foreign cotton germplasm by identifying their Verticillium wilt resistance and agronomic characters. 【Methods】 The cotton agronomic traits, the incidence of Verticillium wilt, cotton yield, and the fiber quality were investigated and variance analysis of main agronomic traits, correlation analysis and cluster analysis of disease index were executed. 【Results】 Eighteen foreign germplasm belonged to medium and early maturity types with.There were one highly resistance, six resistance, eight tolerance and four susceptible germplasm to Verticillium wilt, accounting for 5.55%, 27.77%, 44.44% and 22.22%, respectively.The disease index was negatively correlated with plant height, first node of fruit branch, boll bearing per plant, boll weight per plant, lint percentage, yield of seed cotton, average length of upper part, strength of breaking ratio, uniformity index and elongation, but positively correlated with effective fruit branch and Micronaire value.The cluster analysis of disease index showed that they were divided into three clusters.Among the above types, No.4 was a high resistance material. 【Conclusion】 The Verticillium wilt resistance ability are screed and identified in the research.Verticillium wilt resistant germplasm are lines 2, 4, 6, 9, 11 and 16, and sensitive lines are 10, 13, 17 and 18.Furthermore, five germplasm with higher yields (line 3, 4, 9, 11 and 15) and three germplasm (1, 9 and 11) with better quality are also identified.Ultimately, two Verticillium wilt resistance germplasm (9 and 11) with high yield and good quality are screened out.

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Effects of Node Position and Boll Position on Seed Vigor of Cotton SHI Xiunan, WANG Yujiao, Mierzhati Mutalifu, Manzila Abulaiti, Ayimikeran Abudouxukuer, ZHANG Jinshan 2023, 60(2): 295-300.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (513KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of this study is to determine the effects of different node position and boll position of fruit branch on seed germination and vigor of cotton seed. 【Methods】 Zhongmiansuo 49, Xinluzao 62 and Xinluzao 64 were selected as experimental materials and they were harvested at the appropriate time based on different node position and boll position, and the standard germination test was used to measure germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, fresh and dry weight of seedlings. Afterwards, the effects of different fruit branches and boll positions on cotton seed vigor were analyzed. 【Results】 The result indicates the seed vigor in middle fruit branch was the highest, and the seed had less germination potential, germination rate and seed vigor at upper fruit branch or lower fruit branch. The seed vigor with different fruit branches of main stem of the plant was: middle fruit branch > seed from upper fruit branch > lower fruit branch. Meanwhile, the dry weight of vegetative organs of seed seedlings in the middle fruit branch was higher than those in the upper branch and the lower branch, while the upper and the lower varied with different varieties. The effect of boll position on seed vitality showed different change patterns according to the varieties. 【Conclusion】 The middle branch on main stem of the plant produced the highest seed vigor as well as better growth seedling which is conducive to the formation of stronger seedlings, followed by the lower and upper fruit branches. In addition to that, the influence of boll position on seed vigor varies with cotton cultivars. The production of seeds with high vigor requires harvesting the central fruit branches of cotton seeds.

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Analysis of influencing factors on corn starch content determination Shamixinuer Yasen, LI Xiaorong, CAI Darun, LI Juan, LIU Zhigang, YANG Yang, LI Bo, CHEN Xunji, CHEN Guo 2023, 60(2): 301-308.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1347KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this study, the influence of different detection methods on the determination results of maize amylose and amylopectin content was discussed to provide a theoretical basis for the detection of maize starch content. 【Methods】 The contents of amylose and amylopectin in different maize were determined by dual wavelength spectrophotometer. The reference wavelength, absorbance and absorption spectrum of starch solution in different maize were compared, and the starch granule structure was observed by scanning electron microscope to study the factors affecting the determination of corn starch content. 【Results】 The amylose content in high amylose corn, normal corn and waxy corn is 64.8%, 25% and 1.9% respectively, and the amylopectin content is 32.3%, 75.6% and 97.1% respectively. Under acetic acid and hydrochloric acid treatments, the pH values of the three corn starch solutions decreased, and acetic acid had the greatest effect on the pH values of high amylose corn starch solutions. 【Conclusion】 Under hydrochloric acid treatment, the absorbance values and absorption peaks of the three starch solutions were higher than those of acetic acid treatment, and the absorbance and absorption spectra of amylose were higher than those of amylopectin. Normal corn starch granules are swollen, uneven and irregular in shape. Although the structure of high amylose corn starch granules has changed, it is not as violent as normal corn. Amylose aqueous solution is not stable as amylopectin aqueous solution.

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Effects of 2, 4-Epbrassinolide Soaking on Seed Germination and Physiological Characteristics of Barley Seedlings under Drought Stress FENG Caijun, SONG Ruijiao, SONG Lingyu, ZHANG Song, QI Juncang 2023, 60(2): 309-316.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1515KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to study the effects of different concentrations of brassinolide solution on seed germination and seedling growth of barley under drought stress, the optimal concentration of brassinolide solution was determined. 【Methods】 The seeds of Xinpi No.6 barley were soaked in brassinolide of different concentrations (0, 5, 25, 50, 100, 200 μg/L).The paper germination test was carried out in either distilled water (CK) or 23% polyethylene glycol solution.The germination rate, germination potential, germination index and dry and fresh weight of roots and buds were calculated.The effects of brassinolide solution with different concentrations on relative water content, electrical conductivity, contents of malondialdehyde, proline, soluble sugar and antioxidant enzyme activities in buds and roots of barley under drought stress were determined. 【Result】 Drought stress significantly inhibited barley seed germination and seedling growth. Compared with drought stress alone, 5, 25 μg/L brassinolide treatment increased the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of barley seeds by 34.23%, 65.74%, 25.80%, 45.45%, 31.82% and 47.70%, respectively. Compared with drought stress alone, 25μg/L brassinolide treatment increased the soluble sugar content in root and bud by 7.86% and 12.53%, respectively, and the free proline content in root and bud by 35.06% and 20.63%, respectively. Meanwhile, 25 μg/L brassinolide treatment increased the activities of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in root and bud. 【Conclusion】 Suitable concentration of brassinolide could increase the content of osmomodulators and antioxidant enzyme activities in barley root and bud under drought stress, promote barley seed germination and seedling growth, and the effect of 25μg/L brassinolide treatment was the most obvious.

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Effects of Different Silicon Treatments on Barley Germination under Drought Stress SONG Lingyu, QI Juncang, ZHANG Song, QIU Ying, SHANG Jifei, FENG Caijun 2023, 60(2): 317-325.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1022KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different concentrations of silicon on the germination of barley under drought stress with different treatments and comprehensively evaluate the drought resistance of barley seedlings under each treatment, so as to determine the best treatment. 【Methods】 Barley variety 'Xinpi6' was treated respectively by soaking seeds with silicon solution before germination (treatment A) and adding silicon culture solution to the germination box (treatment B).The concentration of Na2SiO3·9H2O was set at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mmol/L in both methods to study the effects of drought stress on germination indicator, morphological indicator and growth of barley. 【Result】 In the treatment A, with the increase of silicon concentration, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, root length, bud length, coleophyllum length, root number, fresh and dry weight of root and bud all increased first and then decreased, while the root-bud ratio decreased first and then increased.There was no significant difference in germination rate under different silicon concentrations.In the treatment B, there was no significant difference in all indicators at 0.0 and 0.5 mmol/L Na2SiO3·9H2O concentrations.The root shoot ratio decreased with the increase of the silicon concentration from 1.0 to 2.0, while other indicators increased with the increase of silicon concentration. 【Conclusion】 It was the best for the drought resistance of barley seedlings treated by soaking of seeds with 1.0 mmol/L Na2SiO3·9H2O.

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Adaptability Analysis of Introduced Soybean Varieties in Yili Valley of Xinjiang Alibieligen Hazitai, Hanipa Hazaisi, Zulehumaer Wusimanjiang, YAO Qing, Shouhereti Yodika, HOU Xanfei, LI Qiang, ZHANG Zheng 2023, 60(2): 326-335.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (767KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the field adaptability in Yili River Valley of Xinjiang by introducing12 soybean varieties in the hope of providing some scientific basis for selecting new varieties with high quality and high yield that are suitable for local cultivation and promotion. 【Method】 The growth period, main agronomic characters and yield characters of the test varieties were studied and the growth period of the tested varieties was analyzed by applying stability parameters, high stability coefficient and variation coefficient. 【Results】 The yield of the tested varieties Hejiao 02-69 was 210.868 kg/667m2, which was 28.36% higher than that of the control, and HSC ranked first. Suinong 14 had a yield of 219.217kg/667m2, which was 31.09% higher than that of the control. HSC ranked the fourth. Hejiao 02-69, Heinong 69, Heinong 71, Suinong 14 and Heinong 63 were medium and late maturing varieties, and the whole growth period was 14, 13, 13, 10, 8d later than the control, respectively. Zhonghong 901 was 9d earlier than the control, belonging to middle and early maturity variety. There were three cultivars with plant height ranging from 90 cm to 105cm, namely Zhonghuang 901, Heinong 63 and Hejiao 02-69. 【Conclusion】 The 12 imtroduced varieties can blossom and mature normally in Yili Valley of Xinjiang, and most of them show good performance. Among them, Hejiao 02-69, Suinong 14, Dongnong 53 and Heinong 69 have good adaptability, and their potential of high yield and increase need to be further studied in the future.

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Effect of Exogenous Silicon Drip Application on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Low Light Stress ZHANG Yongqiang, FANG Hui, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, Sailihan Sai, XU Qijiang, CHEN Xingwu, LEI Junjie 2023, 60(2): 336-343.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1215KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effect of exogenous silicon drip application on the growth and physiological characteristics of winter wheat under low light stress. 【Methods】 Pot experiment was conducted in southern Xinjiang from 2018 to 2019, and Xindong 60 was used as the experimental material. From jointing stage to mature stage, the winter wheat was shaded by black shading net at 25%. At the jointing stage of winter wheat, five exogenous silicon (Na2SiO3analysis pure) were applied at the drip rates of 7.5 kg/hm2 (Si1), 15 kg/hm2 (Si2), 22.5 kg/hm2 (Si3), 30 kg/hm2 (Si4) and 37.5 kg/hm2(Si5), respectively. 【Results】 The results showed that under low light stress, exogenous silicon drip application could increase the SPAD value of plant height, stem diameter, ear length and leaves of winter wheat The photosynthetic performance of leaves and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of flag leaves were improved. The number of fertile spikelets increased and the number of infertile spikelets decreased. The biomass per stem, grain number per spike and grain weight per spike increased significantly. Each index reached the best in Si3 treatment. 【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis shows that silicon can improve the growth of winter wheat plants under low light stress, improve photosynthesis, and increase the number of fertile spikelets, grains per spike and grain weight per spike. Under the experimental conditions, the best application of exogenous silicon is 22.5 kg/hm2, which can provide reference for production.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Plant Protection·Microbes·Soil Fertilizer· Water Saving Irrigation

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Effects of Root-restricted Cultivation on Photosynthesis, Fluorescence Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Korla Fragrant Pear Abulaike Niyazi, ZHANG Shikui, WANG Shaopeng, WANG Yatong, FAN Guoquan 2023, 60(2): 344-350.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (964KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the effects of rhizosphere restricted cultivation mode on leaf photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics and fruit quality of Korla pear, and provide technical support for the cultivation of Korla pear in arid and salt-alkali area of tarim Basin oasis. 【Methods】 In order to explore the feasibility of 8-year korla pear, leaf photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality were compared between root zone restricted cultivation mode and traditional root sharing cultivation mode. 【Results】 Under the two cultivation modes, the diurnal variation curve of Pn of Korla pear leaves showed a "double peak" pattern, and there was an obvious photosynthetic nap phenomenon. The daily average value of Pn of Korla pear leaves under the root domain limited cultivation mode was higher than that under the traditional root sharing cultivation mode, while the Gs and Tr were relatively low, and there was no significant difference between different cultivation modes. The Ci daily average was significantly lower than the traditional model, while the Ewu daily average was significantly higher than the traditional model. Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fm, ΦPSⅡ and CNPQ of limited root were all higher than those of traditional cultivation. There were no significant differences in fruit quality, fruit hardness, soluble solids and stone cell content between root limiting plants and control group. 【Conclusion】 The root zone restricted cultivation mode could improve the light capture ability and net photosynthetic rate of korla pear leaves, improve water use efficiency, and significantly reduce the content of fruit stone cells. Comprehensive analysis could be used as a new cultivation mode of Korla pear in the arid and salt-alkali area of tarim Basin oasis.

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Effects of Exogenous GSNO on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Tomato Seedlings under NaCl Stress ZHU Pusheng, LIU Huiying, CAO Ze, LIU Kaige, LI Xuezhen 2023, 60(2): 351-358.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1538KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of exogenous GSNO (exogenous NO donor) on alleviating NaCl stress of tomato. 【Methods】 In this study, tomato cultivar Zhongshu 4 was used as experimental material. Tomato Seedlings under NaCl stress (100 mmol/L) were treated with NG:0.5 mmol/L GSNO (S-nitrosoglutathione, NO donor), NP: 1 mmol/L cPTIO (NO scavenger), NGP: 0.5 mmol/L GSNO compound 1 mmol/L cPTIO; The effects of exogenous GSNO on the growth and salt tolerance of tomato seedlings under NaCl stress were studied. 【Results】 After applying GSNO, the growth of tomato seedlings was significantly improved under NaCl stress, the chlorophyll content increased, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters returned to normal, and the Calvin cycle enzyme activity returned to normal level. 【Conclusion】 This study shows that exogenous GSNO can alleviate the adverse growth and photosynthetic effect of tomato seedlings under NaCl stress.

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Studies on Volatile Organic Compounds of Muscat Hamburg Berry Treated by Foliar Spraying Silicon during the Growing Period XU Chang, ZHANG Guangdi, ZHANG Haoyu, JIA Yinan, ZHANG Kunming, WANG Jianglong, HOU Xiaojian 2023, 60(2): 359-367.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2214KB) ( )   【Objective】 The technique of gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy (GC-IMS) was used to test volatile organic compounds(VOCs) of Muscat Hamburg berry,the finding provided a scientific basis for rational application of silicon fertilization and the targeted regulation of quality Muscat Hamburg berry. 【Methods】 To explore the directional control effect of different dosage of silicone on rose fragrant fruit flavor material and conventional quality index. 【Results】 47 kinds of volatile organic compounds were detected in Muscat Hamburg berry, among which, 32 kinds were qualitatively, including 4 kinds of esters, aldehydes, alcohols and ketones. Compared with CK, when the silicon concentration was 200 times, the peak volume of butyl acetate increased by 56.28%; when 400 times, the peak volume of Methyl benzoate increased by 176.45%, and the peak volume of butyl acetate increased by 42.52% at 600 times. 2-pentylfuran, n-hexanol (dimer), n-hexanol, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate (dimer), 3-methylbutyl the peakvolume of aldehydes and other substances gradually decreased or even disappeared with the rising level of the silica concentration. 【Conclusion】 Its volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were similar to CK when the silicon concentration was 600 times, and the similarity was found between 400times and 200times. At 400 times Muscat Hamburg incense glucose content was the highest, which was17.04%, the total acid content was the least, 0.35%.

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Research on Hippophae rhamnoides L. Afforestation Techniques in the Piedmont Zone on the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains WANG Kai, CHENG Ping, Manafu Saiyiti, ZHANG Sen, AN Yuguang, LI Hong 2023, 60(2): 368-377.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1247KB) ( )   【Objective】 To reveal the key photosynthetic indicators, physiological indicators and soil water content that affect the growth of H.rhamnoides, and comprehensively evaluate the growth status of its seedlings, and screen out the best land preparation methods and water conservation measures. 【Method】 Hippophae rhamnoides planted under different land preparation methods and water conservation measures on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain were taken as the research object, through different combinations of horizontal ditch site preparation, pit-shaped site preparation, film mulching, and bentonite, the effects of different afforestation techniques on the growth indicators of H.rhamnoides were analyzed. 【Result】 (1) The soil water content, afforestation survival rate, and new growth rate of horizontal furrow site preparation were significantly higher than those of cave-shaped land preparation (P<0.05), and the soil water content, afforestation survival rate and new growth rate of mulch and bentonite were significantly higher compared with control (P<0.05); (2) The key physiological indicators that affected the growth of H.rhamnoides were soluble protein and superoxide dismutase, photosynthetic indicators were transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and soil water content indicators were May soil water content and August soil water content; (3) The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the horizontal furrow soil preparation-film mulching-bentonite treatment had the highest score, followed by the horizontal furrow-film mulching treatment; their afforestation survival rates were 80.63% and 72.26%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The comprehensive supporting technologies for H.rhamnoides afforestation in the front mountain belt of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains are: Horizontal ditch site preparation - film mulching - bentonite, horizontal ditch site preparation - film mulching.

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Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Amino Acids in Seabuckthorn Fruit MA Xu, ZHAO Ying, HAN Wei, WU Shengli, HAN Xiaoyan 2023, 60(2): 378-388.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (989KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to study the differences of amino acid content and composition of different seabuckthorn varieties, 15 seabuckthorn varieties in Qinghe County were studied, and the amino acid types and content were detected quickly by amino acid automatic analyzer. 【Methods】 The amino acid contents of 15 Seabuckthorn fruits were comprehensively evaluated by correlation, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. 【Results】 There were relative independence and close correlation among 15 quality indexes of seabuckthorn fruit; According to the comprehensive score of principal factors of principal component analysis, the top 5 seabuckthorn varieties ranked by 15 seabuckthorn varieties were BT-06-04, QH-03-02, BT-08-02, HK-01-01 and proposed QH-03-03, followed by late autumn red, anjr and HH-09-01. 【Conclusion】 Three principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 88.296%. A comprehensive evaluation model was obtained: F=0.802F1+0.122F2+0.076F3, which better reflected the comprehensive information of amino acids in seabuckthorn fruit. Fifteen Seabuckthorn fruits were divided into three categories by systematic cluster analysis. The cluster results were consistent with the results of principal component analysis, which better reflected the differences among different germplasm of seabuckthorn fruits.

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Transcriptome Analysis of Acidovorax citrulli against Copper Stress SONG Jindi, LIU Jun, SUN Yufang, Youlituzi Naibi, CHEN Baoqiang, XIE Bingbing 2023, 60(2): 389-398.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1402KB) ( )   【Objective】 The analysis of Acidovorax citrulli (Ac) to copper stress on transcriptome level response characteristics is helpful to promote the study of copper resistance system and mechanism The results of this study have accumulated basic data for further analysis of the molecular mechanism of copper tolerance of Ac. 【Method】 The copper-resistant FC440 strain of subgroup I of Ac was cultured under copper stress and without copper stress.Then FC440 were collected for RNA-seq to analyze data quality, types of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), KEGG enrichment and Pathway annotation, GO enrichment analysis and other transcriptome features, and verify qPCR. 【Results】 The results showed that 6 FC440 transcriptomic libraries were obtained and total data size was 23.6 Gb; Gene expression analysis showed that the bacteria had 4,344 gene expressions and 466 DEGs were identified (266 up-regulated, 200 down-regulated) ; DEGs were significantly enriched in about 9 major pathways such as transmembrane transport of the ABC transport system, signal transduction of the two-component system pathway, and amino acid metabolism; qPCR analysis results showed that the gene expression trend was consistent with the trend of transcriptome sequencing data. 【Conclusion】 The amino acid metabolism of glutamate and glutathione under copper stress plays an important role in the resistance to copper stress of Ac; the two-component systems participate in the response of Ac to copper ion stress and is negatively affected.There may be anti-copper mechanisms in this bacteria including transmembrane transport of ABC transporters, redox reactions, and intracellular binding precipitation.

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Study on the Evaluation of Seedling-raising performance of vermiculite-based Culture Media YOU Houmei, DU Jia, LUO Yong, ZHANG Xiangkun, ZHU Baolin, TIAN Weiliang 2023, 60(2): 399-406.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1300KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the preparation method of efficient soilless culture substrate and to study the effect of different composition on vermiculite soilless culture substrate. 【Methods】 Using the control variable method, taking the actual crops as the investigation object, using vermiculite as the main raw material, the effects of vermiculite composition, ratio and content, humidity, particles and nutrient solution concentration on the growth status of crops were analyzed.High quality vermiculite-based culture matrix was prepared. 【Results】 The addition of organic matter compound ingredients is more suitable for crop growth; the best vermiculite content of adsorbed nutrient solution is 45%; 60 mesh culture medium and 80% humidity are the best; using vermiculite slow-release action to absorb compound fertilizer nutrient solution is helpful to crop growth; the volume ratio of vermiculite: straw: mushroom material: licorice: perlite is the best. 【Conclusion】 The vermiculite-based culture medium prepared by using the slow-release property of vermiculite has low price, good seedling effect and great popularizing value.

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Analysis of Amino Acid and Mineral Elements in the Rough-skinned Fruits of Korla Pear CAO Yijie, SHI Zhiyong, Yusup Ablitip, Aisajan Mamat 2023, 60(2): 407-415.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (866KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the possible impacts of mineral elements and amino acids on rough-skin formation in Korla fragrant pear by comparing the differences o mineral elements and amino acids in rough-skinned fruits and normal fruits. 【Methods】 Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MRM-MS/MS) techniques were used to detect the types and contents of mineral elements and amino acids in normal and rough-skinned fruits o Korla fragrant pear fruits collected from 15-year-old pear trees growing in an orchard in Korla (Xinjiang, China). 【Results】 The principal component analysis was carried out on the mineral elements and amino acids. A total of 14 mineral elements and 23 amino acids were detected in different types of fruits of Korla fragrant pear, among which 10 mineral elements and 19 amino acids were differentially accumulated in two types of fruits. In addition to boron (B) and silicon (Si), the contents of the other 8 elements (Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Mn, Cu) in normal fruits were significantly higher than those in rough-skinned fruits with the fold-changes ranging from 0.70 to 3.17-fold. The contents of 19 differential accumulated amino acids in rough-skinned fruits were significantly higher than those in normal fruits, with the fold-changes ranging from 1.11 to 6.61-fold. Two principal components (PC) were extracted from principal component analysis (PCA) of these 14 mineral elements. Rough-skinned fruit samples and normal fruit samples were separated in the PC plot. Among them, Ca, K and Na had higher PC1 correlation scores, while Se, Cu and B had higher PC2 correlation scores. The elements with higher comprehensive scores in both PC1 and PC2 were Ca, Mn, K, etc. Similarly, two PCs were extracted from PCA of 23 amino acids, of which 4-hydroxyproline (4-hyp), ornithine (Orn) and histidine (His) had higher PC1 correlation scores, and serine (Ser), glutamic acid (Glu) and 3-methyl-histidine (3-mehis) had higher PC2 correlation scores. The amino acids with higher comprehensive scores in both PC1 and PC2 were threonine (Thr), alanine (Ala) and 4-Hyp. 【Conclusion】 The mineral elements and amino acids were differentially accumulated between two types of fruits. Differential accumulation of the mineral elements (Ca, Mn and K) and amino acids (Thr, Ala and 4-Hyp) with higher comprehensive scores might be one of the main reasons for the phenotypic differences between the rough-skinned and normal fruits.

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Identification and Evaluation of Indoor Resistance to Cotton Fusarium wilt at Seedling Stage LONG Tianyu, DENG Yahui, ZU Qianli, YANG Long, QU Yanying, CHEN Quanjia 2023, 60(2): 416-423.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (987KB) ( )   【Objective】 To determine the resistance of upland cotton germplasm resources to Fusarium oxysporum wilt specific type (Fusarium oxysporumf. sp.Momordicae) race 7, and to optimize the identification method and evaluation of disease resistance at seedling stage, so as to provide basic resistance source for cotton disease resistance breeding. 【Methods】 Using 265 upland cotton were taken as test materials, and the resistance of cotton to Fusarium wilt at seedling stage was identified by root irrigation method.; Xinjiang Junmian No.1 was used as the susceptible control variety, and the disease grade was recorded by investigation. After that, the relative disease index was used to evaluate the type of resistance. 【Results】 The Fusarium wilt resistance of 265 upland cotton germplasm resources was evaluated.The results showed that there were 5 varieties (lines) with high resistance to (I), 78 varieties (lines) with resistance to (R), 130 varieties (lines) resistant to (T) and 52 varieties (lines) with susceptible (S) characteristics, which were not immune to Fusarium wilt, 5 varieties (lines) with high resistance to (HR), 78 varieties (lines) with high resistance to Fusarium wilt, 130 varieties (lines) with disease resistance and 52 varieties (lines) with susceptible (S) characteristics.The percentages in the total number of Fusarium wilt resistance identified varieties (lines) were 1.9%, 29.4%, 49.1% and 19.6%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Through the identification of Fusarium wilt resistance of upland cotton resource materials at seedling stage, it was found that the most resistant varieties (lines) were Fusarium wilt resistant varieties (lines), followed by disease resistant varieties (lines).These findings provide a germplasm resource with definite resistance for cotton breeding for Fusarium wilt resistance in the future.

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Effect of Organic Fertilizer of Thioerythromycin Residue on Soybean Soil Drug-resistant Bacteria and Their Resistance Genes YI Yuanyang, XIE Fang, TIAN Shiying, ZHANG Zhidong, GU Meiying, PENG Xiaowu 2023, 60(2): 424-431.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1133KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effect of thioerythromycin residue organic fertilizer on the abundance of drug-resistant bacteria and related resistance genes in soybean farmland soil, and provide a scientific basis for the biosafety evaluation of the fertilizer. 【Methods】 By detecting the number and species of drug-resistant bacteria in soil in different growth stages of soybean under different application rates of bacterial residue organic fertilizer, and detecting the pollution level of related resistance genes (args) by fluorescence quantitative PCR, the effects of bacterial residue organic fertilizer on drug-resistant bacteria and related resistance genes were analyzed. 【Results】 The total number of soil bacteria and the number of thioerythromycin resistant bacteria in soybean seedling stage were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the number of penicillin and Cefradine resistant bacteria was not significantly different from the control group.In the result period, there was no significant difference between the total number of various colonies in the soil with thioerythromycin residue organic fertilizer and the control group.The obtained 14 strains of thioerythromycin resistant bacteria were distributed in 11 genera, of which pseudoarthrobacteria, bacillus and glutamate like bacteria accounted for the highest proportion in the total number of bacteria, and 25 strains of penicillin resistant bacteria were distributed in 7 genera, of which Streptomyces had the highest number.12 strains of cefradine resistant bacteria were distributed in 5 genera, of which Pseudomonas was the highest, accounting for 50.00% of the total.The application of thioerythromycin residue organic fertilizer had a certain effect on the absolute and relative abundance of common args in soil, but the effect was not significant. 【Conclusion】 The application of thioerythromycin residue organic fertilizer has no significant effect on the level of args in crop soil.

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Purification and Physicochemical Properties of Laccase from Fruiting Bodies of Agaricus balchaschensis Nurziya Yarmamat, HAO Jingzhe, JIA Wenjie, CHEN Haoyu, LUO Ying, JIA Peisong 2023, 60(2): 432-439.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (957KB) ( )   【Objective】 To determine the physiochemical properties and biological functions of the laccase from the fruiting bodies of wild Agaricus balchaschensis, this study to explore the biological characteristics of the fruiting bodies, the physiochemical properties of the laccase, and the degradation ability of phenolic compoundstheoretical basis for the cultivation domestication of wild A. balchaschensis, as well as the efficient use of cultivating materials. 【Methods】 Cellulose CM-cellulose cation exchange column, Q-Sepharose anion exchange column, and Superdex 75 gel chromatography filtration and purification technique were used to analyze the degradative metabolic substrate of the laccase and its inhibition ability against metal ions. The optimum temperature and pH value for the activity laccase were determined. 【Results】 The laccase obtained from the fruiting bodies of A. balchaschensis was a 65 kDa single subunit protein. The total purification multiple was 354.58 and the specific activity was17.02 U/mg. The sequence of the 10 N-terminal amino acids of the enzyme was SGGPEQNTTA. Through NBCI-BLAST, it was found that the laccase was homologous to those of Pleurotus ostreatus and Versicolor Versicolor. The laccase was substrate-specific and varied greatly based on different metabolic substrates. The major metabolic substrates ranked from strong to weak were ABTS > dimethoxyphenol > toluidine. The optimum pH value was 2.2, so the laccase was acid-resistant. The optimum reaction temperature was 40℃, so the laccase was active at medium-low temperatures. Cu2+ can slightly promote the laccase to catalyze ABTS, while Hg2+ can strongly inhibit its catalysis of ABTS. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that the laccase from the fruiting bodies of A. balchaschensis was a 65 kDa single subunit protein.

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Effects of Insertion Subsurface Drip Irrigation on Soil Infiltration and Distribution of Water and Salt ZHU Zhu, ZHANG Xuxian, WANG Shichang, WEN Hao, CAI Guixiang 2023, 60(2): 440-447.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1319KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effect of insertion subsurface drip irrigation on infiltration and water-salt distribution of saline soils, 【Methods】 To compare and analyze the effect of different drip head flow rates and drip head burial depths on soil wetting peak transport and water and salt distribution inside the wetted body through indoor soil column tests with saline soils that return to salt in spring in the Alar irrigation area. 【Results】 The results showed that under the same infiltration time and drip head flow rate conditions, subsurface drip irrigation increased the wetting peak depth, wetted area, average soil water content and desalination depth inside the wetted body than surface drip irrigation.Compared with CK treatment, soil wetting peak depth and soil wetting area increased by 20.89% and 18.01% in T1 treatment, respectively; soil wetting peak depth and soil wetting area increased by 45.78% and 19.06% in T2 treatment, respectively.mean soil water content within the wetted body increased by 2.48% and 1.37% in T1 and T2 treatments, respectively.The soil desalination depth increased from 10 cm to 25 cm.increasing the drip head burial depth and flow rate was able to increase the soil water holding efficiency, which was 2.56%, 3.82%, 9.81% and 13.35% for the 0-25 cm soil layer in treatments T1-T4, respectively.The drip head flow rate was small, and the soil salt accumulation rate was 67.98% with the increase of drip head burial depth.the soil salt accumulation rate of 0-5 cm soil layer depth in T2 treatment was 67.98%.If the drip head flow rate was increased, the soil desalination depth and desalination rate increased with the increase of drip head burial depth, and the maximum soil desalination rate reached 79.15% at 0-30 cm soil depth in T4 treatment. 【Conclusion】 With the goal of increasing soil wetting area, soil desalination area and desalination rate, the drip head flow rate of 0.6 L/h and burial depth of 15 cm were optimal for the treatment.

Forestry·Prataculture·Animal Husbandry Veterinarian

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Effects of NaCl Stress on Seed Germination of Three Varieties of Forage YANG Jinyu, QIAO Xiaoyan, WANG Xihe, SUN Jiusheng 2023, 60(2): 448-453.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (609KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the salt tolerance of newly introduced forage varieties, the range of salt tolerance concentration, and screen out the varieties with strong salt tolerance, which is very important to improve salinized soil and land efficiency. 【Methods】 The new varieties of forage rape, sweet sorghum and alfalfa were taken as the research objects, different concentrations of NaCl solution (0%,0.4%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6%)were used for stress treatment to determine the germination rate, germination potential, relative salt damage rate,salt damage rate of germination potential and germination index within 7 days. 【Result】 Compared with the control 0% treatment,when the concentration of NaCl was 0-0.4%, there was no significant difference in germination rate and germination potential among the three forages. Sweet sorghum was more sensitive to low salt stress, when the concentration of NaCl was 0.4%, the relative salt damage rate was 53.41%, and the germination index was 28; When the concentration of NaCl was 0.8%, the germination rate of alfalfa was the highest, which was 96.67%. The germination rate of forage rape was 93.33%. The germination rate of forage sweet sorghum was the lowest, which was 75.33%. Otherwise, the salt damage rate of germination potential was the highest, which was 18.57%. The inhibition of salt stress was obvious, the germination index was the lowest (20.89); When the concentration of NaCl was 1.2%, the germination rate of forage rape was the highest, which was 83.33% and the relative salt damage rate was 100%. The relative salt damage rates of sweet sorghum and alfalfa were 93.4% and 67.68% respectively. When the concentration of NaCl was 1.6%, the germination rate of alfalfa was the highest (74.67%), and the salt damage rate was the lowest (81.61%). 【Conclusion】 In general, forage sweet sorghum is sensitive to low salt stress. The germination of feed rape is obviously inhibited under medium and high concentration salt stress. Alfalfa has the strongest tolerance to salt stress, and maintained the highest germination rate and germination potential under high salt stress. The tolerance order of the three forages to NaCl stress is alfalfa > forage rape > forage sweet sorghum.

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Microhabitat Interpretation of Survival Quantity and Functional Traits of One-year-old Natural Regeneration Seedlings of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica in the Central Part of the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang HU Wencong, PAN Cunde, ZHAO Shanchao, SONG Mengzhen, TONG Haimai, TIAN Chenyang 2023, 60(2): 454-463.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1102KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the interaction and relationship between survival quantity and functional traits of one-year-old natural regeneration seedlings of Tianshan spruce (Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica) and microhabitat factors in order to deepen the scientific understanding of the role of environmental filter in the sedentary stage of Tianshan spruce seedlings. 【Methods】 The redundancy analysis (RDA) method was used to analyze the relationship between survival number and functional traits of one-year-old natural regeneration seedlings of Tianshan spruce and microhabitat factors, and hierarchical segmentation method was used to quantitatively decompose the interpretation rate of microhabitat factors. 【Results】 The microhabitat factors that could significantly affect the survival quantity and functional traits of one-year-old natural regeneration seedlings of Tianshan spruce were moss thickness, litter thickness, herbaceous coverage, root system twine layer thickness, tree neighborhood effect, altitude, and slope position.They could explain 47.43% of the variation of survival quantity and functional traits of one-year-old natural regeneration seedlings of Tianshan spruce.Among them, the interpretation rate of ground cover under the forest composed of moss, herbs and litter was 26.16%, and the explanation rates of root disk thickness and altitude were 9.79% and 5.95%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The thickness of litter, moss and soil root system twine layer under the Tianshan spruce forest, as well as the altitude of the woodland have a strong screening effect on the survival of one-year-old natural regeneration seedlings of Tianshan spruce.

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Spatiotemporal Variation of Vegetation Coverage of Natural Grassland in Northern Xinjiang in Recent 20 Years and Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors HOU Zhixiong, JING Changqing, CHEN Chen, WANG Gongxin, GUO Wenzhang, ZHAO Weikang 2023, 60(2): 464-471.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1194KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the temporal and spatial changes of natural grassland vegetation coverage and its relationship with meteorological factors in northern Xinjiang from 1998 to 2018, so as to provide technical support for the ecological restoration of degraded grassland. 【Methods】 Based on the MODIS-NDVI product data and meteorological data for many years, the pixel dichotomy model was used to retrieve the natural grassland coverage in northern Xinjiang in recent 20 years and reveal the temporal and spatial changes of grassland vegetation coverage in this region, and correlation analysis was performed on temperature and precipitation, to discuss the relationship between natural grassland vegetation coverage and meteorological factors in northern Xinjiang. 【Results】 (1) During the study period, the vegetation coverage of natural grassland in Northern Xinjiang was generally smaller in the middle and East, and larger in the north, West and south.(2) From the state of grassland change in recent 20 years in northern Xinjiang, it could be seen that 57.51% of the grassland change rate showed an increasing trend, and 42.49% of the grassland change rate showed a decreasing trend.(3) During the study period, the proportion of negative correlation between vegetation coverage and annual precipitation was 18.73%, and the proportion of positive correlation was 81.27%; There was a negative correlation between grassland vegetation coverage and annual average temperature in northern Xinjiang, accounting for 39.48% and a positive correlation of 60.52%. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that the correlation between vegetation coverage and annual precipitation was higher than that of annual temperature.

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Effects of Functional Leaves with Different Leaf Positions on the Formation of Spike Biomass in Two Habitats of Wetland and Dryland XU Shun, LI Chengcheng, Nuerali Abulahati, YANG Yunfei, HAN Dayong 2023, 60(2): 472-478.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (901KB) ( )   【Objective】 Effects of functional leaves with different leaf positions on the formation of spike biomass in two habitats of Bosten Lake. 【Methods】 The reed population in bosten Lake, the largest reed producing area in China, was selected as the research object. Five traits of the top three leaves of Ph. australis in wetland and dry land were measured by field sampling method, including leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf biomass and spike biomass. 【Results】 The reed weight in wetland was 2.1 times higher than that in dry land (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between ear biomass and four leaf traits (P<0.05), and the correlation degree varied with different leaf positions. The correlation coefficient between ear biomass and top leaf area of Ph. australis in wetland was the largest (0.920,5), followed by that of top leaf biomass (0.723,7); the correlation coefficient between ear biomass and top three leaf area of Ph. australis in dry land was the largest (0.826,7), and followed by that of top two leaf area (0.801,4). 【Conclusion】 There is a significant correlation between leaf and panicle biomass in different leaf positions. Leaf area and leaf biomass are the key factors affecting panicle biomass. In wetland, the correlation between top leaf and panicle biomass is the highest, while in dry land, the correlation between top three leaf and panicle biomass is the highest.

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Investigation of Grazing Sheep Brucellosis and Implementation of Prevention Measures JIN Xiaoye, YE Feng, LIU Liya, MA Xiaojing, LI Xin, SHU Zhan, CHEN Zhuo, ZHONG Qi 2023, 60(2): 479-484.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (607KB) ( )   【Objective】 Investigation of brucellosis (brucellosis) in grazing sheep, the applicability analysis of testing methods, and the implementation of prevention and control measures. 【Methods】 90 serum samples from aborted sheep were detected by RBT, GICA, SAT, MAT, FPA, iELISA, cELISA and PCR, and the applicability characteristics of the diagnostic method and the results of the field investigation were used for statistical analysis, and control measures were proposed. 【Results】 In 90 sheep serum samples, positive RBT, GICA, SAT, MAT, FPA, iELISA and cELISA detection rates were 8.89%(8/90), 12.22%(11/90), 17.78%(16/90), 14.44%(13/90), 21.11%(19/90), 25.56%(23/90), 24.44%(22/90) and 14 positive samples by PCR. 【Conclusion】 High sensitivity methods were used for initial screening and strong specificity method were used for diagnosis in clinical practice.To be more specific, RBT, GICA, FPA or iELISA could be used for initial screening, and SAT, MAT or cELISA for diagnosis.The test results showed that the positive rate of grazing sheep increased with age (adult sheep 42% > weaning lamb 2.5%).A higher positive rate were detected in females (29.68%) than in males 11.54trading and slaughter were allowed%).Sheep with miscarriage history had a higher risk of brucellosis and adult females were more susceptible to brucella.The positive sheep were treated innocuously, the sheep shed and the surrounding environment were thoroughly disinfected, the negative sheep were immunized using the brucellosis M5-90 weak toxicity vaccine, and two months after immunization they were allowed to be slaughtered or for trading.

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Studies on Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor, Erythropoietin Gene and Its Receptor in Ovine Tissues LEI Yan, LAN Bin, YU Wanli, DAI Xiaohua, CAI Peng, GU Weifang, Adilai Ali, ZHAO Hongqiong 2023, 60(2): 485-492.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1292KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) and its downstream target gene erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor (EPOR) in ovine tissues under normal physiological conditions.The results have provided a histological basis for the study of targeted regulation or alleviation of ovine hypoxia stress. 【Methods】 The relative expression of HIF, EPO and EPOR genes in 14 tissues of 4 Xinjiang fine wool sheep were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. 【Results】 HIF-1α and HIF-2α the relative expression of genes in ovine lung tissues were the highest and significantly higher than those in other tissues (P< 0.01); HIF-2α in lung the gene expression was about HIF-1α 5.2 times.The relative expression of EPO gene in ovine kidney was the highest and significantly higher than that in pituitary, colon, spleen, cecum, liver, adrenal gland, rumen, hypothalamus and heart (P< 0.05).The expression of EPOR gene in lung was the highest, and the relative expression of lung and testis was significantly higher than that in spleen, hypothalamus, kidney and heart (P< 0.05). 【Conclusion】 HIF-1α, HIF-2α and EPO and its receptor genes are highly expressed in the lung or kidney of sheep, suggesting that these two may be important organs for ovine hypoxia stress perception and regulation.

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Cloning and Sequence Analysis of cDNA of C3d Gene of Bactrian Camel from Xinjiang Nasibai Abuduwahapu, GAO Xiaojuan, Kunduziayi Abudushalamu, LI Jiangwei 2023, 60(2): 493-500.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.029 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1557KB) ( )   【Objective】 The C3d gene of camel complement was cloned and its sequence characteristics were analyzed to provide a basis for the study of its adjuvant effect. 【Methods】 Total RNA was extracted from camel liver using Trizol reagent, and cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription.C3d pecific primers were designed to amplify the C3d sequence by PCR technology, and the vector pMD18-T was constructed.The recombinant plasmid was transferred into competent strain and identified by double enzyme digestion.Clustw, DNA Star and Swiss-model software were used to compare the homology of the constructed recombinant C3d gene sequences, establish the phylogenetic tree, and predict and analyze its secondary and tertiary structures. 【Results】 Specific primers were designed and the 909 bp camel complement C3d gene was obtained by PCR amplification.T vector was constructed and transferred into Escherichia coli and a positive clone was obtained.Clustw was used to compare the DNA sequencing results with the sequences of bovine, pig, rabbit and human.The results showed that the cloned Bactrian camel C3d sequence had more than 97% homology with the C3d gene of Camelidae, and the homology with the C3d gene of bovine, pig, rabbit and human was gradually remote (88%, 88%, 83% and 83%, respectively).The sequence of C3d protein was analyzed by Swiss-model software, and the secondary structure of C3d protein was mainly composed of α-helix and β-fold, and it had good immunogenicity and protein-binding activity. 【Conclusion】 The C3d gene of camel complement was cloned.Sequence analysis showed that the C3d gene was relatively conserved in evolution, which provided the experimental basis and technical reference for the adjuvant effect of the gene and the subsequent research.

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LC/MS-Based Metabolomics Approach for Exploring Plasma Metabolome Modififications before and after 3,600 m Speed Race in Yili horse ZHANG Shiqi, LI Xiaobin, ZHANG Wenjie, HAN Ming, WANG Shichang, ZHENG Wenxiang, OUYANG Wen, QI Juzhong, YANG Kailun 2023, 60(2): 501-510.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.030 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1300KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the difference and change of plasma metabolites before and after 3,600 m speed race in Yili horses. 【Method】 According to the genetic pedigree provided by the equestrian club, 5(3♂2♀) unrelated, weight (384.40±34.18)kg, and age 2 speed raced-horses were selected.The horses were trained daily with equal intensity. On the 25 th day of the experimental stage, the 3,600 m speed race was performed 4 h after morning feeding. The horse completed the race at (11.75±0.87) m/s at average speed. The rate of heartbeat and the breathing were measured immediately before and after the race. At the same time, blood was collected, plasma samples were prepared, plasma mass spectrometry was collected, and metabolites were determined by non-target metabolomics method. 【Results】 Compared with the pre-competition heart rate (39.80±0.40) bpm and respiratory rate (14.00±1.80) bpm, the horse heart rate (80.80±7.70) bpm and respiratory rate (78.80±3.90) bpm were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with Yili horses plasma at pre-race, the citric acid cycle, metabolism of alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, transformation between pentaccharide and glucuronic acid, metabolism of cystine and methionine, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid degradation and sheath lipid metabolism showed significant changes. On the basis of the LC/MS analysis of plasma metabolomics of Yili horse before and after the 3,600 m speed race, LC/MS metabolic profiles of plasma samples of Yili horse 3,600 m before and after the race were different. The differential metabolites involved in citric acid cycle, glycolysis system, fat metabolism, amino acid metabolism. 【Conclusion】 During the 3,600 m speed race, the Yili horse body presents anaerobic, aerobic and mixed oxygen metabolism characteristics show anaerobic, aerobic and mixed oxygen metabolism.

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Morphological Differentiation of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii Kessler among Different Geographical Populations ZHANG Yongjie, CHEN Shengao, WANG Chengxin, WANG Xinyue, LI Jiangling, XIE Congxin, WEI Qi 2023, 60(2): 511-520.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.031 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1494KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the analysis of differences in morphological characteristics of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii of different geographical populations. 【Methods】 From 2020 to 2021,Gymnodiptychus dybowskii were collected from Manas River and Turks River, fish ecology was used to identify its morphological characteristics and analyze their different population biological traits. 【Result】 The differences in appearance characteristics between Manas River group and Turks River group of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii were more obvious, and the differences in body weight and body length between the two groups were significant (P<0.05), body width and head length, range and mean values in Manas River and Turks River were significantly different (P<0.01. Regression equation of body length and body weight: WM=0.049L1.992 8(R2=0.932,0),WT=1.39×10-6L3.127 5(R2=0.964,8).The growth trends of biological traits in different populations of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii were different: the head length of Manas River population was obvious, while that of Turks River population was body width. Combined with the Manas River population of 35 and the Turks River population of 65, the principal component 1 was 54.6%, and the principal component 2 was 11.6%. There was no overlap between either population; The main traits affecting principal component 1 were: body height, dorsal fin starting point to ventral fin starting point; The main traits affecting principal component 2 are: dorsal fin starting point to dorsal fin posterior base, dorsal fin starting point to hip fin starting point, dorsal fin starting point to caudal fin. The Manas River group and the Turks River group could be distinguished according to their shapes, and their functions are as follows: YM = -1,985.90-1,934.51X1-2,020.77X2 + 5,137.86X3 + 2,858.24X4 + 3,111.14X5-2,376.61X6 + 2,494.94X7 + 4,382.91X8; YT = -1,826.92-2,036.21X1-1,770.91X2 + 4,898.46X3 + 3,679.48X4 + 1,882.97X5-919.60X6 + 3,189.76X7 + 4,632.12X8. The growth traits body height, tongue length and eye cross were directly influential growth factors in the life history of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii and played a key role in guiding their selection and breeding. 【Conclusion】 Gymnodiptychus dybowskii,a common species in the north-south water system of the Tianshan Mountains, highly specialized fish, is extremely important for the diversity of water ecological environment, with widely varying morphological characters, typical heterogeneous plateau fishes, heterogeneous growth rates and instability, and obvious differences in growth traits among different groups, resource depletion has intensified, and there is an urgent need to carry out germplasm restoration and conservation to consolidate the ecological balance of Xinjiang's endemic fishery resources.