新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (9): 2091-2100.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.002
• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇 下一篇
刘海军1(), 张昊1, 王一帆1, 陈茂光1, 吴凤全1, 林涛2,3,4, 汤秋香1()
收稿日期:
2022-11-12
出版日期:
2023-09-20
发布日期:
2023-09-19
通信作者:
汤秋香(1980-),女,河南开封人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为农田生态环境,(E-mail)作者简介:
刘海军(1997-),男,甘肃酒泉人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农田生态环境,(E-mail)2439758037@qq.com
基金资助:
LIU Haijun1(), ZHANG Hao1, WANG Yifan1, CHEN Maoguang1, WU Fengquan1, LIN Tao2,3,4, TANG Qiuxiang1()
Received:
2022-11-12
Online:
2023-09-20
Published:
2023-09-19
Correspondence author:
TANG Qiuxiang(1980-), female, professor, research direction is farmland ecological environment, (E-mail) Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究不同覆盖材料和灌溉量对机采棉产量形成及有效积温生产效率的影响。【方法】采用裂区试验设计,以地膜覆盖材料(裸地(A1)、高堡膜覆盖(A2)、普通PE地膜覆盖(A3)为主区),灌溉量(3 150 m3/hm2(W1)、4 050m3/hm2(W2)、4 950m3/hm2(W3))为副区3个灌溉量,分析不同覆盖材料和灌溉量对机采棉产量形成及有效积温生产效率的影响。【结果】随着灌溉量的增加,干物质积累速率加快,但棉田土壤温度逐渐降低。在不同覆盖材料条件下,A2处理较A1和A3处理可提高苗期棉田土壤温度,分别提高2.39、0.20℃,A2处理的全生育期有效积温较A1和A3分别提高6.96%、0.77%。二者互作条件下,W1A2处理的棉田有效积温最高为1 476.98℃·d,单株干物质生长速率最快,达到1.61 g/d,生殖器官占比最高为47.00%,产量最高为6 431.10 kg/hm2,有效积温生产效率达到4.58 kg/(hm2·℃·d)。【结论】高堡膜覆盖条件下,采用3 150 m3/hm2的灌溉量时,有助于提高棉田土壤温度,增加有效积温,提高生殖器官的分配比例,促进棉花籽棉产量和有效积温生产效率的提高。
中图分类号:
刘海军, 张昊, 王一帆, 陈茂光, 吴凤全, 林涛, 汤秋香. 不同覆盖材料和灌溉量对机采棉产量形成及有效积温生产效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2091-2100.
LIU Haijun, ZHANG Hao, WANG Yifan, CHEN Maoguang, WU Fengquan, LIN Tao, TANG Qiuxiang. Effects of different mulching materials and irrigation on yield formation and effective accumulated temperature production efficiency of machine-picked cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(9): 2091-2100.
图1 不同灌溉量下覆盖材料下棉田0~10cm土层温度变化变化 注:A1-裸地;A2-高堡膜覆盖;A3-普通PE地膜覆盖,下同
Fig.1 Soil temperature of cotton fields (10 cm soil layer) in different covering materials and irrigation treatments Note:A1-bare land,A2-Gaobao film coverage;A3-Ordinary PE film covering,the same as below
处理 Treatment | 苗期 Seedling stage | 蕾期 Bud stage | 花铃期 Boll setting stage | 吐絮期 Boll opening stage | 全生育期 Whole growth period | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | 较A1增加 Decrease from A1 (℃·d) | 有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | 较A1增加 Decrease from A1 (℃·d) | 有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | 较A1增加 Decrease from A1 (℃·d) | 有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | 较A1增加 Decrease from A1 (℃·d) | 有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | ||||||||||||||
W1 | A1 | 483.87cd | - | 408.95d | - | 296.82c | - | 183.75d | - | 1 373.38d | ||||||||||||
A2 | 506.04ab | 22.17 | 466.47a | 57.52 | 307.27ab | 10.45 | 197.19abc | 13.44 | 1 476.98a | |||||||||||||
A3 | 493.57bc | 9.70 | 442.44bc | 33.49 | 301.71abc | 4.89 | 202.98ab | 19.23 | 1 440.70c | |||||||||||||
W2 | A1 | 478.99d | - | 397.48d | - | 303.16abc | - | 196.90bc | - | 1 376.52d | ||||||||||||
A2 | 499.11ab | 20.12 | 436.07c | 38.59 | 307.42ab | 4.26 | 208.09a | 11.19 | 1 450.69bc | |||||||||||||
A3 | 505.83ab | 26.84 | 452.09b | 54.61 | 308.80a | 5.64 | 207.90ab | 11.00 | 1 474.63a | |||||||||||||
W3 | A1 | 479.45d | - | 401.38d | - | 300.61bc | - | 180.38d | - | 1 361.81d | ||||||||||||
A2 | 502.92ab | 23.47 | 466.32a | 64.94 | 301.77abc | 1.16 | 199.37abc | 18.99 | 1 470.38ab | |||||||||||||
A3 | 509.36a | 29.91 | 445.76bc | 44.38 | 302.43abc | 1.82 | 191.36cd | 10.98 | 1 448.92bc | |||||||||||||
两因素分析(F值) Two-way ANOVA(F value) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
灌溉量 Irrigation(W) | 0.36ns | 5.60* | 3.33ns | 11.27* | 0.58ns | |||||||||||||||||
不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials (A) | 24.11*** | 135.49*** | 3.49ns | 13.87* | 131.99*** | |||||||||||||||||
灌溉量×不同覆盖材料 Irrigation× Different covering materials (W×A) | 2.01ns | 7.24** | 1.03* | 1.07ns | 4.24* |
表1 不同覆盖材料和灌溉量下棉田有效积温变化
Tab.1 The effective accumulated temperature characters of cotton for different covering materials and irrigation
处理 Treatment | 苗期 Seedling stage | 蕾期 Bud stage | 花铃期 Boll setting stage | 吐絮期 Boll opening stage | 全生育期 Whole growth period | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | 较A1增加 Decrease from A1 (℃·d) | 有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | 较A1增加 Decrease from A1 (℃·d) | 有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | 较A1增加 Decrease from A1 (℃·d) | 有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | 较A1增加 Decrease from A1 (℃·d) | 有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d) | ||||||||||||||
W1 | A1 | 483.87cd | - | 408.95d | - | 296.82c | - | 183.75d | - | 1 373.38d | ||||||||||||
A2 | 506.04ab | 22.17 | 466.47a | 57.52 | 307.27ab | 10.45 | 197.19abc | 13.44 | 1 476.98a | |||||||||||||
A3 | 493.57bc | 9.70 | 442.44bc | 33.49 | 301.71abc | 4.89 | 202.98ab | 19.23 | 1 440.70c | |||||||||||||
W2 | A1 | 478.99d | - | 397.48d | - | 303.16abc | - | 196.90bc | - | 1 376.52d | ||||||||||||
A2 | 499.11ab | 20.12 | 436.07c | 38.59 | 307.42ab | 4.26 | 208.09a | 11.19 | 1 450.69bc | |||||||||||||
A3 | 505.83ab | 26.84 | 452.09b | 54.61 | 308.80a | 5.64 | 207.90ab | 11.00 | 1 474.63a | |||||||||||||
W3 | A1 | 479.45d | - | 401.38d | - | 300.61bc | - | 180.38d | - | 1 361.81d | ||||||||||||
A2 | 502.92ab | 23.47 | 466.32a | 64.94 | 301.77abc | 1.16 | 199.37abc | 18.99 | 1 470.38ab | |||||||||||||
A3 | 509.36a | 29.91 | 445.76bc | 44.38 | 302.43abc | 1.82 | 191.36cd | 10.98 | 1 448.92bc | |||||||||||||
两因素分析(F值) Two-way ANOVA(F value) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
灌溉量 Irrigation(W) | 0.36ns | 5.60* | 3.33ns | 11.27* | 0.58ns | |||||||||||||||||
不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials (A) | 24.11*** | 135.49*** | 3.49ns | 13.87* | 131.99*** | |||||||||||||||||
灌溉量×不同覆盖材料 Irrigation× Different covering materials (W×A) | 2.01ns | 7.24** | 1.03* | 1.07ns | 4.24* |
图2 不同处理下棉花干物质积累动态变化 注(Note):Sd-苗期 Seedling; Bd-蕾期 Bud stage; Fl-花期 Flower opening stage; Fb-铃期 Full bolling stage; Bo-吐絮期 Boll opening stage.
Fig.2 Effects of different treatments on dynamic accumulation of cotton dry matter
灌溉量 Irrigation | 不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials | Logistic 函数生长模型 Logistic growth model | Vm [g/(plant·d)] | GT (g/plant) | t0 | t1 | t2 | Δt | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(d) | |||||||||
W1 | A1 | Y=99.51/[1+e(3.89-0.05t)] | 1.32 | 65.53 | 73 | 48 | 98 | 50 | 0.998 5 |
A2 | Y=123.61/[1+e(4.19-0.05t)] | 1.61 | 81.40 | 81 | 55 | 106 | 51 | 0.999 3 | |
A3 | Y=117.12/[1+e(3.86-0.05t)] | 1.53 | 77.12 | 74 | 49 | 99 | 50 | 0.998 8 | |
W2 | A1 | Y=105.24/[1+e(3.67-0.05t)] | 1.26 | 69.30 | 77 | 49 | 104 | 55 | 0.997 2 |
A2 | Y=119.20/[1+e(3.95-0.05t)] | 1.40 | 78.49 | 84 | 56 | 112 | 56 | 0.999 2 | |
A3 | Y=122.96/[1+e(3.82-0.04t)] | 1.38 | 80.97 | 85 | 56 | 115 | 59 | 0.997 4 | |
W3 | A1 | Y=114.88/[1+e(3.66-0.05t)] | 1.37 | 75.64 | 77 | 49 | 104 | 55 | 0.996 4 |
A2 | Y=127.41/[1+e(3.46-0.05t)] | 1.44 | 83.90 | 77 | 47 | 106 | 58 | 0.996 7 | |
A3 | Y=130.99/[1+e(3.45-0.05t)] | 1.55 | 86.25 | 73 | 45 | 101 | 56 | 0.993 4 |
表2 棉花干物质积累的Logistic函数生长模型及相关参数
Tab.2 The Logistic function growth model and related parameters of dry matter accumulation in cotton
灌溉量 Irrigation | 不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials | Logistic 函数生长模型 Logistic growth model | Vm [g/(plant·d)] | GT (g/plant) | t0 | t1 | t2 | Δt | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(d) | |||||||||
W1 | A1 | Y=99.51/[1+e(3.89-0.05t)] | 1.32 | 65.53 | 73 | 48 | 98 | 50 | 0.998 5 |
A2 | Y=123.61/[1+e(4.19-0.05t)] | 1.61 | 81.40 | 81 | 55 | 106 | 51 | 0.999 3 | |
A3 | Y=117.12/[1+e(3.86-0.05t)] | 1.53 | 77.12 | 74 | 49 | 99 | 50 | 0.998 8 | |
W2 | A1 | Y=105.24/[1+e(3.67-0.05t)] | 1.26 | 69.30 | 77 | 49 | 104 | 55 | 0.997 2 |
A2 | Y=119.20/[1+e(3.95-0.05t)] | 1.40 | 78.49 | 84 | 56 | 112 | 56 | 0.999 2 | |
A3 | Y=122.96/[1+e(3.82-0.04t)] | 1.38 | 80.97 | 85 | 56 | 115 | 59 | 0.997 4 | |
W3 | A1 | Y=114.88/[1+e(3.66-0.05t)] | 1.37 | 75.64 | 77 | 49 | 104 | 55 | 0.996 4 |
A2 | Y=127.41/[1+e(3.46-0.05t)] | 1.44 | 83.90 | 77 | 47 | 106 | 58 | 0.996 7 | |
A3 | Y=130.99/[1+e(3.45-0.05t)] | 1.55 | 86.25 | 73 | 45 | 101 | 56 | 0.993 4 |
灌溉量 Irrigation | 不同覆 盖材料 Different covering materials | 根重 Root weight (g/ plant) | 根系占比 Root (%) | 茎叶重 Stem weight (g/ plant) | 茎叶占比 Stem and leaf (%) | 蕾铃花重 Bud/ Flower/ Boll weight (g/ plant) | 蕾铃花占比 Bud/ Flower/ Boll (%) | 总重 Total weight (g/ plant) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | A1 | 9.8a | 9.8a | 49.9e | 50.1ab | 39.9e | 40.1d | 99.5e |
A2 | 9.6a | 7.8b | 55.9cd | 45.2c | 58.1a | 47.0a | 123.6abc | |
A3 | 9.0ab | 7.7bc | 60.2bc | 51.4a | 47.9cd | 40.9cd | 117.1cd | |
W2 | A1 | 7.9c | 7.5bc | 52.2de | 49.8ab | 45.1d | 42.8bcd | 105.2e |
A2 | 9.4a | 7.9b | 58.0bcd | 48.6abc | 51.7bc | 43.4bcd | 119.2cd | |
A3 | 8.4bc | 6.8cd | 61.0abc | 49.6ab | 53.6ab | 43.6bc | 123.0bc | |
W3 | A1 | 7.8c | 6.8cd | 55.1cde | 47.9bc | 51.9bc | 45.3ab | 114.9d |
A2 | 8.4bc | 6.6d | 63.3ab | 49.7ab | 55.8ab | 43.7abc | 127.4ab | |
A3 | 9.5a | 7.3bcd | 66.9a | 51.2ab | 54.5ab | 41.6cd | 131.0a | |
两因素分析(F值) Two-way ANOVA(F value) | ||||||||
灌溉量 Irrigation(W) | 6.62** | 20.21*** | 8.47** | 0.27ns | 8.14** | 0.47ns | 14.86*** | |
不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials (A) | 3.06ns | 5.65* | 20.67*** | 4.78* | 24.47*** | 4.59* | 42.69*** | |
灌溉量×不同覆盖材料 Irrigation×Different covering materials (W×A) | 5.13** | 7.98** | 0.18ns | 2.84ns | 6.22** | 4.74* | 1.85ns |
表3 不同覆盖材料和灌溉量下棉花收获期生物量在不同器官中分配变化
Tab.3 Effects of biomass accumulation and distribution under different covering materials and irrigation treatments at maturity
灌溉量 Irrigation | 不同覆 盖材料 Different covering materials | 根重 Root weight (g/ plant) | 根系占比 Root (%) | 茎叶重 Stem weight (g/ plant) | 茎叶占比 Stem and leaf (%) | 蕾铃花重 Bud/ Flower/ Boll weight (g/ plant) | 蕾铃花占比 Bud/ Flower/ Boll (%) | 总重 Total weight (g/ plant) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | A1 | 9.8a | 9.8a | 49.9e | 50.1ab | 39.9e | 40.1d | 99.5e |
A2 | 9.6a | 7.8b | 55.9cd | 45.2c | 58.1a | 47.0a | 123.6abc | |
A3 | 9.0ab | 7.7bc | 60.2bc | 51.4a | 47.9cd | 40.9cd | 117.1cd | |
W2 | A1 | 7.9c | 7.5bc | 52.2de | 49.8ab | 45.1d | 42.8bcd | 105.2e |
A2 | 9.4a | 7.9b | 58.0bcd | 48.6abc | 51.7bc | 43.4bcd | 119.2cd | |
A3 | 8.4bc | 6.8cd | 61.0abc | 49.6ab | 53.6ab | 43.6bc | 123.0bc | |
W3 | A1 | 7.8c | 6.8cd | 55.1cde | 47.9bc | 51.9bc | 45.3ab | 114.9d |
A2 | 8.4bc | 6.6d | 63.3ab | 49.7ab | 55.8ab | 43.7abc | 127.4ab | |
A3 | 9.5a | 7.3bcd | 66.9a | 51.2ab | 54.5ab | 41.6cd | 131.0a | |
两因素分析(F值) Two-way ANOVA(F value) | ||||||||
灌溉量 Irrigation(W) | 6.62** | 20.21*** | 8.47** | 0.27ns | 8.14** | 0.47ns | 14.86*** | |
不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials (A) | 3.06ns | 5.65* | 20.67*** | 4.78* | 24.47*** | 4.59* | 42.69*** | |
灌溉量×不同覆盖材料 Irrigation×Different covering materials (W×A) | 5.13** | 7.98** | 0.18ns | 2.84ns | 6.22** | 4.74* | 1.85ns |
灌溉量 Irrigation | 不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials | 单株结铃数 Bolls per plant(个) | 单铃重 Single boll weight (g) | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2) | 皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg/hm2) | 衣分 Lint percentage (%) | 有效积温生产效率 Effective accumulated temperature production efficiency [kg/(hm2·℃·d)] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | A1 | 5.07f | 4.06e | 4 070.77e | 1 542.02f | 38.53a | 2.91f |
A2 | 6.39a | 5.41a | 6 431.10a | 2 603.64a | 38.49a | 4.58a | |
A3 | 5.74b | 5.38a | 6 119.40ab | 2 406.77b | 39.32a | 4.24bc | |
W2 | A1 | 5.45d | 4.78d | 4 966.34d | 1 977.48e | 38.78a | 3.70e |
A2 | 5.27e | 5.29ab | 5 689.60bc | 2 236.74cd | 38.19a | 4.04cd | |
A3 | 5.62c | 5.22bc | 5 734.84bc | 2 223.45cd | 38.76a | 3.89de | |
W3 | A1 | 5.83b | 5.16bc | 5 828.75bc | 2 310.49bc | 38.76a | 4.38ab |
A2 | 5.49d | 5.08c | 5 429.13cd | 2 089.29de | 38.49a | 3.70e | |
A3 | 5.41d | 5.10c | 5 429.73cd | 2 091.34de | 38.52a | 3.75e | |
两因素分析(F值) Two-way ANOVA(F value) | |||||||
灌溉量 Irrigation(W) | 68.79*** | 8.15** | 0.21ns | 0.45ns | 0.44ns | 0.36ns | |
不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials(A) | 61.50*** | 116.99*** | 50.97*** | 46.92*** | 1.96ns | 18.36*** | |
灌溉量×不同覆盖材料 Irrigation×Different covering materials (W×A) | 255.89*** | 57.43*** | 49.15*** | 50.05*** | 0.54ns | 48.07*** |
表4 不同覆盖材料和灌溉量下棉花产量及有效积温利用效率变化
Tab.4 Effects of different covering materials and irrigation treatments on yield and Effective accumulated temperature production efficiency in cotton field
灌溉量 Irrigation | 不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials | 单株结铃数 Bolls per plant(个) | 单铃重 Single boll weight (g) | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2) | 皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg/hm2) | 衣分 Lint percentage (%) | 有效积温生产效率 Effective accumulated temperature production efficiency [kg/(hm2·℃·d)] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | A1 | 5.07f | 4.06e | 4 070.77e | 1 542.02f | 38.53a | 2.91f |
A2 | 6.39a | 5.41a | 6 431.10a | 2 603.64a | 38.49a | 4.58a | |
A3 | 5.74b | 5.38a | 6 119.40ab | 2 406.77b | 39.32a | 4.24bc | |
W2 | A1 | 5.45d | 4.78d | 4 966.34d | 1 977.48e | 38.78a | 3.70e |
A2 | 5.27e | 5.29ab | 5 689.60bc | 2 236.74cd | 38.19a | 4.04cd | |
A3 | 5.62c | 5.22bc | 5 734.84bc | 2 223.45cd | 38.76a | 3.89de | |
W3 | A1 | 5.83b | 5.16bc | 5 828.75bc | 2 310.49bc | 38.76a | 4.38ab |
A2 | 5.49d | 5.08c | 5 429.13cd | 2 089.29de | 38.49a | 3.70e | |
A3 | 5.41d | 5.10c | 5 429.73cd | 2 091.34de | 38.52a | 3.75e | |
两因素分析(F值) Two-way ANOVA(F value) | |||||||
灌溉量 Irrigation(W) | 68.79*** | 8.15** | 0.21ns | 0.45ns | 0.44ns | 0.36ns | |
不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials(A) | 61.50*** | 116.99*** | 50.97*** | 46.92*** | 1.96ns | 18.36*** | |
灌溉量×不同覆盖材料 Irrigation×Different covering materials (W×A) | 255.89*** | 57.43*** | 49.15*** | 50.05*** | 0.54ns | 48.07*** |
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