地膜类型对棉花生长的影响及自身降解和回收特性分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (9): 2101-2108.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

地膜类型对棉花生长的影响及自身降解和回收特性分析

陈茂光¹(), 林涛²(), 张昊¹, 刘海军¹, 王一帆¹, 汤秋香¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2022-11-20 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-09-19
通信作者: 林涛(1981-),男,新疆玛纳斯人,研究员,博士,研究方向为棉田生理生态,(E-mail) 27427732@qq.com; 汤秋香(1981-),女,河南开封人,教授,博士,研究方向为农田生态环境与耕作制度,(E-mail)790058828@qq.com
作者简介:陈茂光(1998-),男,江西南昌人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农田生态,(E-mail)chenmaoguang@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31960386);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-4);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU20191012);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新平台能力提升建设专项-农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-202001);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才人才培养项目

Effects of mulch film types on cotton growth and analysis of self-degradation recycling characteristics

CHEN Maoguang¹(), LIN Tao²(), ZHANG Hao¹, LIU Haijun¹, WANG Yifan¹, TANG Qiuxiang¹()

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiological Ecology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R.C./Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2022-11-20 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-09-19
Correspondence author: LIN Tao (1981-), male, doctor, associate research fellow, physiological and ecological study of cotton field, (E-mail)27427732@qq.com; TANG Qiuxiang (1981-), female, professor, research field: farmland ecological environment and farming system, (E-mail)790058828@qq.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960386);Major Science and Technology R & D Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020A01002-4);College and University R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJEDU20191012);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Platform Capacity Improvement Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences “The Key Laboratory Open Project of Desert Oasis Crop Physiology, Ecology and Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs”(25107020-202001);Tianshan Excellent Talents Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】评价不同类型地膜对棉花长势的影响及自身降解和回收特性的分析。【方法】以聚乙烯地膜(CK)为对照,设置全回收高强度地膜(G)和4种可降解地膜(J₁、J₂、J₃和J₄)处理,对比分析地膜类型对棉花长势和产量的影响及地膜回收效果和田间降解情况,筛选出综合性能优异的棉田绿色生产地膜。【结果】CK处理蕾期和花期株高茎粗分别是62.08、7.36和103.75、10.36 cm。降解地膜处理株高较CK显著降低4.66%~13.21%,G处理株高和茎粗较CK无显著差异;CK处理蕾期、花期和铃期地上部生物量分别是17.77、43.36和744.97 g/株。G处理在各生育时期较CK显著提高7.45%~19.90%,且均显著高于降解地膜。CK处理单株成铃数、单铃重和籽棉产量分别为5.37个/株、5.18 g/个和5 642.14 kg/hm²。G处理单铃重较CK显著降低0.23 g/个,但单株成铃数显著提高0.94个/株,产量显著提高620.91 kg/hm²,增幅11.00%。降解地膜处理单株成铃数、单铃重和产量处理间差异均不显著,但均较CK分别显著降低0.22~0.47个/株、0.15~0.30 g/个和8.75%~15.22%。G和CK处理回收率为82.81%和92.16%,但G处理较CK显著提高9.35%。J₂处理降解率较高为89.49%,较CK残留率降低6.67%。【结论】降解地膜处理较聚乙烯地膜产量更低。全回收高强度地膜增产620.91 kg/hm²,增幅11.00%,回收率提高9.35%,覆膜应用潜力较好。

关键词: 棉花; 降解地膜; 地膜; 产量; 降解率

Abstract:

【Objective】 Scientific evaluation of the influence of different types of plastic film on cotton growth and its own degradation and recycling characteristics.【Methods】 In this study, the polyethylene mulch (CK) was used as the control, and the recyclable high-strength mulch (G) and four degradable mulches (J₁, J₂, J₃ and J₄) were set and their effects on cotton growth and yield, recycling effects and field degradation were compared and analyzed in order to screen out the green production mulch with excellent comprehensive performance.【Results】 The height and stem diameter of CK treatment at bud stage and flowering stage were 62.08 cm, 7.36 cm and 103.75 cm, 10.36 cm, respectively.The plant height of degraded mulch film treatment was 4.66%-13.21% lower than that of CK, and there was no significant difference in plant height and stem diameter between G treatment and CK.In terms of yield performance, the aboveground biomass of CK treatment at bud stage, flowering stage and boll stage were 17.77, 43.36 and 744.97 g/plant, respectively.G treatment was 7.45%-19.90% higher than CK at all growth stages, and was significantly higher than degraded film.Single boll weight and seed cotton yield of CK treatment were 5.37, 5.18 g and 5,642.14 kg / hm², respectively.Compared with CK, the boll weight of G treatment was significantly reduced by 0.23 g/plant, but the number of bolls per plant was significantly increased by 0.94 per plant, and the yield was significantly increased by 620.91 kg/hm², an increase of 11.00%.There were no significant differences in boll number per plant, boll weight per plant and yield between the treatment of degraded mulch film and CK, but they were significantly reduced by 0.22-0.47, 0.15-0.30 g and 8.75%-15.22%, respectively.The recovery rates of G and CK were 82.81% and 92.16%, but G treatment was 9.35% higher than CK.The degradation rate of J₂ treatment was 89.49%, which was 6.67% lower than that of CK.【Conclusion】 Degradation film treatment cost is lower than that of polyethylene film yield, but it needs further improvement.The total recycle of high-strength mulch film can increase the cotton yield by 620.91 kg/hm², increased by 11.00%, and the recovery rate increased by 9.35%, which has good application potential, and can be used as a new type of green, safe and environmentally friendly mulch film in cotton field for large-scale extension.

Key words: cotton; degradation of film; mulch film; yield; degradation rate

中图分类号:

S562

陈茂光, 林涛, 张昊, 刘海军, 王一帆, 汤秋香. 地膜类型对棉花生长的影响及自身降解和回收特性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2101-2108.

CHEN Maoguang, LIN Tao, ZHANG Hao, LIU Haijun, WANG Yifan, TANG Qiuxiang. Effects of mulch film types on cotton growth and analysis of self-degradation recycling characteristics[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(9): 2101-2108.

图/表 6

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序号 Number	处理 Treatment	颜色 Color	厚度 Thickness (cm)	宽度 Width (cm)	主要成分 Main components	来源 Source
1	CK	透明	0.01	205	PE	新疆利华(集团)股份有限公司
2	G	透明	0.01	205	PE	麦盖提星联科技农膜有限公司
3	J₁	透明	0.01	205	PBS,PBAT	宿州妙顺环保科技有限公司
4	J₂	黑色	0.01	205	PBAT,PPC	新疆通用塑料高性能化工程技术研究中心
5	J₃	透明	0.008	205	PE,biodegradable additive	新疆宝利丰达农业科技有限公司
6	J₄	透明	0.008	205	PE,biodegradable additive	新疆宝利丰达农业科技有限公司

序号 Number	处理 Treatment	颜色 Color	厚度 Thickness (cm)	宽度 Width (cm)	主要成分 Main components	来源 Source
1	CK	透明	0.01	205	PE	新疆利华(集团)股份有限公司
2	G	透明	0.01	205	PE	麦盖提星联科技农膜有限公司
3	J₁	透明	0.01	205	PBS,PBAT	宿州妙顺环保科技有限公司
4	J₂	黑色	0.01	205	PBAT,PPC	新疆通用塑料高性能化工程技术研究中心
5	J₃	透明	0.008	205	PE,biodegradable additive	新疆宝利丰达农业科技有限公司
6	J₄	透明	0.008	205	PE,biodegradable additive	新疆宝利丰达农业科技有限公司

处理 Treat- ments	有效株数 Number of effective plants (株/hm²)	单株成铃数 The boll number per plant (个/株)	单铃重 Boll weight (g/个)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)
CK	202 597.50^a	5.37^b	5.18^a	5 642.14^b
G	200 362.50^a	6.32^a	4.95^b	6 263.06^a
J₁	202 155.00^a	5.13^bc	4.92^b	5 101.80^c
J₂	203 497.50^a	5.15^bc	4.91^b	5 148.50^c
J₃	201 262.50^a	4.91^c	5.03^ab	4 969.49^c
J₄	196 050.00^a	5.00^c	4.88^b	4 783.32^c

处理 Treat- ments	有效株数 Number of effective plants (株/hm²)	单株成铃数 The boll number per plant (个/株)	单铃重 Boll weight (g/个)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)
CK	202 597.50^a	5.37^b	5.18^a	5 642.14^b
G	200 362.50^a	6.32^a	4.95^b	6 263.06^a
J₁	202 155.00^a	5.13^bc	4.92^b	5 101.80^c
J₂	203 497.50^a	5.15^bc	4.91^b	5 148.50^c
J₃	201 262.50^a	4.91^c	5.03^ab	4 969.49^c
J₄	196 050.00^a	5.00^c	4.88^b	4 783.32^c

地膜类型对棉花生长的影响及自身降解和回收特性分析

Effects of mulch film types on cotton growth and analysis of self-degradation recycling characteristics

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[1]	周小云, 雷斌, 张军高, 梁晶, 龚静云, 周广威, 张少民, 李进. 7.2%萎锈灵和40%拌种灵包衣对棉花幼苗冷胁迫生理生化特征的功效比较[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 176-183.
[2]	罗林毅, 陈瑞杰, 阮向阳, 任晓辉, 曲奥, 苏海婷, 冶军. 微生物菌剂对滴灌棉田土壤养分和棉花产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 26-33.
[3]	成志慧, 李红梅, 赵红梅, 涂永峰, 宋海英, 盛建东. ¹⁵N同位素标记氮肥减施棉田养分利用效率分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 34-41.
[4]	王贺亚, 罗静静, 艾海峰, 李怀胜, 孟玲, 王鹏. 种植密度与减量施肥对食葵产量及相关性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 55-62.
[5]	欧阳单华, 赵康, 宋东博, 柳自清, 郭旺珍, 刘燕, 顾爱星, 阿扎提古丽·麦麦提图尔, 艾力卡尔江·艾麦尔. 35份棉花品系对黄萎病抗性鉴定及综合分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 9-18.
[6]	杨川, 张凯, 陈冰, 张慧, 柳萍, 常松, 盛建东. 棉花植株形态特征对不同水分状况的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2120-2127.
[7]	杨国江, 陈云, 林祥群, 何江勇, 刘盛林, 曲永清. 氮肥减施下有机肥替代对滴灌棉花产量、氮素吸收利用及土壤硝态氮的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2138-2145.
[8]	陈传信, 张永强, 聂石辉, 孔德鹏, 赛力汗·赛, 徐其江, 雷钧杰. 生物质炭施用量对滴灌冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2146-2151.
[9]	王立红, 张宏芝, 张跃强, 李剑峰, 王重, 高新, 时佳, 王春生, 夏建强, 樊哲儒. 不同产量水平冬小麦产量差异形成的干物质生产、转运及氮肥利用分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2152-2162.
[10]	王晓雨, 王小平, 史文宇, 刘美艳, 马健, 郭云鹏, 宋瑞欣, 王清涛. 拔节期冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累和产量对干旱胁迫的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2163-2172.
[11]	向莉, 王仙, 董裕生, 郭小玲, 方伏荣, 陈智军, 马艳明, 苗雨. 外源丁酸对干旱胁迫下大麦产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2173-2181.
[12]	杨红梅, 张跃强, 史应武, 吾买尔江·库尔班, 林青, 王宁, 楚敏, 曾军. 不同类型叶面肥喷施对冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2182-2188.
[13]	马明杰, 赵经华, 李冬民, 杨胜春, 王克贤, 李池. 不同灌溉方式对苜蓿土壤水分与灌溉水利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2306-2313.
[14]	王心, 林涛, 崔建平, 吴凤全, 唐志轩, 崔来园, 郭仁松, 王亮, 郑子漂. 种植模式与灌溉定额对机采长绒棉产量及纤维品质形成的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1821-1829.
[15]	李雪玲, 郭俊先, 陈莉, 宋鹤岭, 张众. 不同覆膜宽度对棉花农田环境的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1840-1847.