新疆“滴水出苗”机采棉皮棉2 700 kg/hm2关键技术评述与展望

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.08.001

新疆农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (8): 1373-1381.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.08.001

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培 • 下一篇

新疆“滴水出苗”机采棉皮棉2 700 kg/hm²关键技术评述与展望

阿里甫·艾尔西, 朱家辉, 田立文, 王为然, 宁新民, 孔杰

新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 83009

收稿日期:2020-06-20 出版日期:2021-08-20 发布日期:2021-08-09
通信作者: 田立文(1965-),男,安徽肥西人,研究员,研究方向为棉花高产栽培生理,(E-mail)1365400936@qq.com
孔杰(1980-),男,河南淮阳人,研究员,博士,研究方向为海岛棉遗传育种,(E-mail)kongjie.258@163.com
作者简介:阿里甫·艾尔西(1968-),男,新疆托克逊人,研究员,研究方向为棉花育种与产业化,(E-mail)397463726@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0101604);棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-09);转基因专项(2016ZX08005-005);国家自然基金(31660411,31460306);新疆自治区天山英才计划(201720301);新疆农科院经作所人才培养项目(201902)

Analysis and preliminary application of Lint yield 2,700 kg/hm² for Machine-picked Cotton under “drip irrigation Seedling” in Xinjiang

Alifu Aierxi, ZHU Jiahui, TIAN Liwen, WANG Weiran, NING Xinmin, KONG Jie

Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2020-06-20 Online:2021-08-20 Published:2021-08-09
Correspondence author: TIAN Liwen (1965-), female, researcher, research field: high yield cultivation physiology of cotton, (E-mail) 1365400936@qq.com
KONG Jie(1980-),male, researcher, Ph.D., research field: Genetics and Breeding of cotton,(E-mail)kongjie.258@163.com
Supported by:
National Key R & D Program of China (2017YFD0101604); China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15-09); Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Projects (2016ZX08005-005); National Natural Science Foundation of China(31660411 and 31460306); Xinjiang Tianshan Elite Project (201720301); Personnel Training Project of Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (201902)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究新疆北疆“滴水出苗”棉田高产种植措施,分析其关键技术,为大面积棉花绿色高效高产稳产提供支持。【方法】以2017~2019年在新疆北疆棉区连续创建的7个棉花高产点为研究对象,定点观察其种植技术,并持续追踪和梳理。【结果】皮棉单产为2 700 kg/hm²的“滴水出苗”机采棉高产田以壤土为主,肥力中上;品种抗病虫逆性好,结铃性强,铃重、衣分适中,种子质量好;全生育期需滴水6 000 m³/hm²左右,滴水9~11次,尿素、磷肥、钾肥用量1 425~1 575 kg/hm²,花铃期是水肥需求的高峰期,应适量补施硼锌肥;化控坚持“早、轻、勤”原则,次数约6~8次,进水前化控,打顶后化控2~3次,前轻后重;早防早治虫害;落叶催熟剂适期、分次喷施,及时采收。【结论】有效建立“滴水出苗”棉田平均收获株数201.3×10³株/hm²、总铃数1 416.8×10³个/hm²以上的田间管理技术体系,实现机采棉皮棉2 700 kg/hm²的高产目标。

关键词: 机采棉; 滴水出苗; 高产; 种植技术

Abstract: 【Objective】 As one of the core objectives of cotton planting, high yield has always been a research hotspot. This paper intends to trace the technical measures of high-yield planting in the cotton field of "dry sowing and dripping seedling " in the north of Xinjiang, and clarify the technical essentials of its key links, so as to provide support for a wider range of high and s Table yield in the future.【Methods】 Based on the 7 high yield points continuously established by the research group in 2017-2019 in northern Xinjiang cotton area and the basis of extensive investigation and fixed-point observation, the planting technology was continuously tracked and thoroughly combed.【Results】 The high-yield cotton field (2,700 kg/hm²)of "dry sowing and dripping seedling" was mainly loam, with medium fertility; The varieties had good resistance to disease and insect, strong boll, moderate boll weight, clothing content, and good seed quality; About 6,000 m³/ha of drip water was needed in the whole growth period, 9-11 times of drip water was needed, the fertilizer was urea, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer 1,425-1,575 kg/hm², and the peak of water and fertilizer was in the flowering and bolling period, with proper spraying of zinc and boron fertilizer, chemical control should adhere to the principle of "early, light and diligent", about 6-8 times, chemical control shall be carried out before water inflow, 2-3 times after topping, and the former should be light and the latter should be heavy; Insect damage should be prevented and treated early; Defoliation ripening agent should be sprayed in proper period and times, and collected in time.【Conclusion】 Under the normal climate conditions, through the fine control of each link of cotton high-yield, the field management technology system with the average number of harvested plants of 201.3 k/hm² and the total number of bolls of 1,416.8 k/hm², is effectively established and the high-yield target of 2,700 kg/hm² of machine-picked cotton is finally achieved. This technology provides an important technical support for the green and efficient production of cotton in Xinjiang.

Key words: machine-picked cotton; dry sowing and dripping seedling; high yield; planting technology

中图分类号:

S562

阿里甫·艾尔西, 朱家辉, 田立文, 王为然, 宁新民, 孔杰. 新疆“滴水出苗”机采棉皮棉2 700 kg/hm²关键技术评述与展望[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(8): 1373-1381.

Alifu Aierxi, ZHU Jiahui, TIAN Liwen, WANG Weiran, NING Xinmin, KONG Jie. Analysis and preliminary application of Lint yield 2,700 kg/hm² for Machine-picked Cotton under “drip irrigation Seedling” in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(8): 1373-1381.

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新疆“滴水出苗”机采棉皮棉2 700 kg/hm²关键技术评述与展望

Analysis and preliminary application of Lint yield 2,700 kg/hm² for Machine-picked Cotton under “drip irrigation Seedling” in Xinjiang

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