不同水氮处理对超晚播冬麦生长、水氮利用及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.007

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3): 584-592.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.007

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

不同水氮处理对超晚播冬麦生长、水氮利用及产量的影响

聂凌帆¹(), 张金汕¹, 田文强¹, 孙刚刚², 王泓懿¹, 张君¹, 张强斌¹, 郭飞³, 吴利³, 石书兵¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆塔城地区农业科学研究所,新疆塔城 834700
3.新疆塔城地区农技推广中心,新疆塔城 834700

收稿日期:2024-08-12 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-05-14
通信作者: 石书兵(1966-),男,山东商河人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail) ssb@xjau.edu.cn
作者简介:聂凌帆(1998-),男,新疆库尔勒人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物栽培,(E-mail) 614985262@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项“新疆小麦绿色丰产提质增效技术优化集成及应用”(2021B02002-1)

Effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on the growth, water and nitrogen use efficiency and yield of ultra-late sowing winter wheat

NIE Lingfan¹(), ZHANG Jinshan¹, TIAN Wenqiang¹, SUN Ganggang², WANG Hongyi¹, ZHANG Jun¹, ZHANG Qiangbin¹, GUO Fei³, WU Li³, SHI Shubing¹()

1. College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Tacheng Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Tacheng Xinjiang 834700, China
3. Tacheng District Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Tacheng Xinjiang 834700, China

Received:2024-08-12 Published:2025-03-20 Online:2025-05-14
Supported by:
Major Scientific R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“Xinjiang Wheat Green Yield, Quality and Efficiency Technology Optimization Integration and Application”(2021B02002-1)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究新疆北疆超晚播小麦最适水肥配比,为农业生产中提高超晚播小麦产量及水肥利用率提供参考。【方法】以当地主栽新冬18号为供试材料,设3个灌水处理W₁(2 750m³/hm³)、W₂(3 750m³/hm³)、W₃(4 750m³/hm³),4个施氮肥量(尿素)处理N₀(0 kg/hm³)、N₁(180 kg/hm³)、N₂(360 kg/hm³)、N₃(5 400 kg/hm³),分析不同水氮运筹对小麦生长、水氮利用、干物质积累及产量的影响。【结果】增加灌水量和施氮量,有利于小麦株高及叶面积指数增大,与W₁N₀相比,W₂N₂成熟期株高显著增高13.22 cm,孕穗期叶面积指数显著增高3.92 m²/m²;小麦单株干物质积累量从拔节-灌浆呈先快后慢的增长趋势,W₂N₂处理显著高于其它处理;在W₂N₂基础上随着灌水量和施氮量的增加显著降低小麦对土壤水分的消耗量,且产量也同时降低,进而导致水分利用效率降低。在W₂N₂处理下,水分利用率较W₃N₃高20.71%,氮肥农学利用率高64.14%;穗粒数随灌水量和施氮量的增加而增加,N₂显著高于N₀、N₁处理,千粒重随着灌水量的增加而增加,W₃处理显著高于W₁处理,随施氮量的增加而降低,在W₃N₀达到最大。W₂N₂(9 743.01 kg/hm²)产量达到最高,且显著高于其它处理。【结论】超晚播小麦灌水量在3 750 m³/hm²追施尿素含量在360 kg/hm²时冬小麦干物质、水氮利用效率及产量最佳,是产量和效益兼优的最佳组合。

关键词: 超晚播冬麦; 生长; 水氮利用; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore the optimal ratio of water and fertilizer for ultra-late sowing wheat in northern Xinjiang and solve the problems of low yield and low utilization rate of water and fertilizer resources for ultra-late sowing wheat in local agricultural production. 【Methods】With the local main plant Xindong 18 as the test material, three irrigation treatments and four urea treatments were wet up: W₁ (2,750 m³/hm³), W₂ (3,750 m³/hm³), W₃ (4,750 m³/hm³), N₀ (0 kg / hm³), N₁ (180 kg/hm³), N₂ (360 kg/hm³), N₃ (5,400 kg/hm³), to analyze the effects of different water and nitrogen transportation on wheat growth, water and nitrogen utilization, dry matter accumulation and yield.【Results】The increase of irrigation volume and nitrogen application could increase wheat plant height and leaf area index. Compared with W₁N₀, W₂N₂ mature plant height increased by 13.22 cm, and the leaf area index by 3.92 m²/m². The accumulation of dry material in wheat increased from jointing-filling-slow, and W₂N₂ treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments; On the basis of W₂N₂, the consumption of soil water and the amount of nitrogen, and the yield was also reduced, leading to the decrease of water use efficiency. Under W₂N₂ treatment, the water utilization rate was 20.71% higher than that of W₃N₃, and the agricultural utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 64.14%; the number of ear grains increased with the increase of irrigation water and nitrogen application, N₂ was significantly higher than those of N₀ and N₁ treatments, the 1,000 grain weight increased with the increase of irrigation water, W₃ treatment was significantly higher than that of W₁ treatment, decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application, and reaching the maximum at W₃N₀. The yield of W₂N₂ (9,743.01 kg/hm²) was the highest and significantly higher than those of the other treatments.【Conclusion】The yield of ultra-late sowing winter wheat is 3,750 m³/hm² with urea content 360 kg/hm², which is the best combination of both yield and efficiency.

Key words: ultra-late sowing winter wheat; growth; water and nitrogen utilization; yield

中图分类号:

S513

聂凌帆, 张金汕, 田文强, 孙刚刚, 王泓懿, 张君, 张强斌, 郭飞, 吴利, 石书兵. 不同水氮处理对超晚播冬麦生长、水氮利用及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 584-592.

NIE Lingfan, ZHANG Jinshan, TIAN Wenqiang, SUN Ganggang, WANG Hongyi, ZHANG Jun, ZHANG Qiangbin, GUO Fei, WU Li, SHI Shubing. Effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on the growth, water and nitrogen use efficiency and yield of ultra-late sowing winter wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(3): 584-592.

图/表 8

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处理 Treatments	起身期灌水量 Seedling stage	拔节期灌水量 Jointing stage	孕穗期灌水量 Booting stage	开花期灌水量 Anthesis	灌浆期灌水量 Filling stage	总量 Total capacity
W₁	250	750	750	500	500	2 750
W₂	350	1 000	1 000	700	700	3 750
W₃	450	1 250	1 250	900	900	4 750

处理 Treatments	起身期灌水量 Seedling stage	拔节期灌水量 Jointing stage	孕穗期灌水量 Booting stage	开花期灌水量 Anthesis	灌浆期灌水量 Filling stage	总量 Total capacity
W₁	250	750	750	500	500	2 750
W₂	350	1 000	1 000	700	700	3 750
W₃	450	1 250	1 250	900	900	4 750

处理 Treat- ments	起身期施用量 Seedling stage	拔节期施用量 Jointing stage	孕穗期施用量 Booting stage	总量 Total capacity
N₀	0	0	0	0
N₁	30	90	60	180
N₂	90	150	120	360
N₃	120	240	180	540

处理 Treat- ments	起身期施用量 Seedling stage	拔节期施用量 Jointing stage	孕穗期施用量 Booting stage	总量 Total capacity
N₀	0	0	0	0
N₁	30	90	60	180
N₂	90	150	120	360
N₃	120	240	180	540

处理 Treatments		生育进程(月/日)Growth process(M/D)					生育期 Growth period(d)
处理 Treatments		苗期 Seedling	拔节期 Jointing	孕穗期 Booting	开花期 Flowing	成熟期 Maturity	生育期 Growth period(d)
W₁	N₀	3/12	5/3	5/12	5/24	7/4	113
	N₁	3/12	5/3	5/13	5/26	7/4	113
	N₂	3/12	5/3	5/13	5/27	7/6	115
	N₃	3/12	5/3	5/14	5/27	7/6	115
W₂	N₀	3/12	5/1	5/12	5/26	7/6	115
	N₁	3/12	5/1	5/14	5/29	7/6	115
	N₂	3/12	4/30	5/15	5/31	7/10	119
	N₃	3/12	4/30	5/15	6/1	7/10	119
W₃	N₀	3/12	4/28	5/14	5/26	7/6	115
	N₁	3/12	4/28	5/14	5/31	7/8	117
	N₂	3/12	4/27	5/16	6/2	7/12	121
	N₃	3/12	4/27	5/16	6/3	7/13	122

不同水氮处理对超晚播冬麦生长、水氮利用及产量的影响

Effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on the growth, water and nitrogen use efficiency and yield of ultra-late sowing winter wheat

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处理 Treat- ments		穗数 Spike (10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
W₁	N₀	601.24^d	28.67^e	41.93^cde	5 306.44^d
	N₁	606.24^cd	33.67^cd	41.07^de	5 606.66^d
	N₂	636.62^bcd	35.33^bc	40.69^de	6 675.33^c
	N₃	677.35^ab	38.53^b	40.51^e	7 842.79^b
W₂	N₀	610.92^cd	29.93^de	44.03^a	5 364.13^d
	N₁	679.02^ab	37.80^b	43.91^a	6 833.14^c
	N₂	688.37^a	46.27^a	43.61^ab	9 743.01^a
	N₃	684.70^a	44.20^a	42.96^abc	8 216.85^b
W₃	N₀	605.58^cd	32.13^cd	44.15^a	5 629.79^d
	N₁	608.25^cd	38.73^b	42.92^abc	6 325.64^c
	N₂	672.01^ab	46.27^a	42.80^abc	8 342.04^b
	N₃	649.98^abc	45.47^a	42.28^bcd	7 976.05^b

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处理 Treat- ments
W₁	N₀	2 750	627	1 930.00^b	5 307.00^f	10.00^g	/	/
	N₁	2 750	627	1 920.99^b	5 297.99^e	10.56^g	3.62^e	67.55^c
	N₂	2 750	627	2 170.12^a	5 547.12^f	12.03^e	8.25^d	40.21^f
	N₃	2 750	627	2 210.28^a	5 587.28^de	14.03^b	10.23^cd	31.62^g
W₂	N₀	3 750	627	1 230.24^d	5 607.24^de	9.61^h	/	/
	N₁	3 750	627	1 310.60^cd	5 687.60^cde	12.00^e	17.70^b	82.32^a
	N₂	3 750	627	1 420.35^c	5 797.35^c	16.80^a	26.38^a	58.69^d
	N₃	3 750	627	1 330.62^cd	5 707.62^cd	14.38^b	11.50^c	33.13^g
W₃	N₀	4 750	627	830.48^e	6 207.48^a	9.06ⁱ	/	/
	N₁	4 750	627	580.73^f	5 957.73^b	10.61^f	8.38^d	76.21^b
	N₂	4 750	627	720.06^ef	6 097.06^ab	13.68^c	16.34^b	50.25^e
	N₃	4 750	627	610.25^f	5 987.25^b	13.32^d	9.46^cd	32.16^g

处理 Treat- ments
W₁	N₀	2 750	627	1 930.00^b	5 307.00^f	10.00^g	/	/
	N₁	2 750	627	1 920.99^b	5 297.99^e	10.56^g	3.62^e	67.55^c
	N₂	2 750	627	2 170.12^a	5 547.12^f	12.03^e	8.25^d	40.21^f
	N₃	2 750	627	2 210.28^a	5 587.28^de	14.03^b	10.23^cd	31.62^g
W₂	N₀	3 750	627	1 230.24^d	5 607.24^de	9.61^h	/	/
	N₁	3 750	627	1 310.60^cd	5 687.60^cde	12.00^e	17.70^b	82.32^a
	N₂	3 750	627	1 420.35^c	5 797.35^c	16.80^a	26.38^a	58.69^d
	N₃	3 750	627	1 330.62^cd	5 707.62^cd	14.38^b	11.50^c	33.13^g
W₃	N₀	4 750	627	830.48^e	6 207.48^a	9.06ⁱ	/	/
	N₁	4 750	627	580.73^f	5 957.73^b	10.61^f	8.38^d	76.21^b
	N₂	4 750	627	720.06^ef	6 097.06^ab	13.68^c	16.34^b	50.25^e
	N₃	4 750	627	610.25^f	5 987.25^b	13.32^d	9.46^cd	32.16^g