Effects of different mulching materials and irrigation on yield formation and effective accumulated temperature production efficiency of machine-picked cotton

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.002

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (9): 2091-2100.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.002

• Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Soil Fertilizer • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of different mulching materials and irrigation on yield formation and effective accumulated temperature production efficiency of machine-picked cotton

LIU Haijun¹(), ZHANG Hao¹, WANG Yifan¹, CHEN Maoguang¹, WU Fengquan¹, LIN Tao²^,³^,⁴, TANG Qiuxiang¹()

1. College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Research Institute of Economical Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
4. Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation of Desert Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2022-11-12 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-09-19
Correspondence author: TANG Qiuxiang(1980-), female, professor, research direction is farmland ecological environment, (E-mail) 790058828@qq.com
Supported by:
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Major Science and Technology Project(2020A01002-4-4);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960386);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region University Scientific Research Project(XJEDU20191012)

不同覆盖材料和灌溉量对机采棉产量形成及有效积温生产效率的影响

刘海军¹(), 张昊¹, 王一帆¹, 陈茂光¹, 吴凤全¹, 林涛²^,³^,⁴, 汤秋香¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院/棉花教育部工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081
4.农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

通讯作者: 汤秋香(1980-),女,河南开封人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为农田生态环境,(E-mail)790058828@qq.com
作者简介:刘海军(1997-),男,甘肃酒泉人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农田生态环境,(E-mail)2439758037@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-4-4);国家自然科学基金项目(31960386);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU20191012)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to explore the effects of different mulching materials and irrigation amount on the yield formation and effective accumulated temperature production efficiency.【Methods】 In this study, a split zone experimental design was adopted, with mulching material (bare land (A₁), high fort mulching (A₂) and ordinary PE mulching (A₃) as the main zone), and irrigation quantity (3,150 m³/hm²(W₁), 4,050 m³/hm²(W₂) and 4,950 m³/hm²(W₃)) as the secondary zone. The effects of different mulching materials and irrigation amount on cotton yield formation and effective accumulated temperature production efficiency were analyzed.【Results】 The results showed that with the increase of irrigation, dry matter accumulation rate increased, but soil temperature decreased gradually. Under different mulching materials, A₂ treatment can increase the soil temperature of cotton field at seedling stage by 2.39℃ and 0.20℃, respectively, compared with A₁ and A₃ treatments. The effective accumulated temperature of A₂ treatment during the whole growth period can increase by 6.96% and 0.77%, respectively, compared with A₁ and A₃ treatments. Under the interaction conditions, the highest effective accumulated temperature of cotton field under W1A₂ treatment was 1,476.98(℃·d), the highest dry matter growth rate per plant was 1.61 g/d, the highest proportion of reproductive organs was 47.00%, and the highest yield was 6,431.10 kg/hm². The effective accumulated temperature production efficiency reached 4.58 kg/(hm²·℃·d).【Conclusion】 In conclusion, under the condition of high burr membrane covering, the irrigation of 3150m³/hm² is helpful to improve the soil temperature, effective accumulated temperature and the distribution ratio of reproductive organs in cotton field, so as to promote the improvement of cotton seed cotton yield and effective accumulated temperature production efficiency.

Key words: machine-picked cotton; covering material; irrigation quantity; dry matter accumulation and distribution; effective accumulated temperature production efficiency

摘要：

【目的】研究不同覆盖材料和灌溉量对机采棉产量形成及有效积温生产效率的影响。【方法】采用裂区试验设计,以地膜覆盖材料(裸地(A₁)、高堡膜覆盖(A₂)、普通PE地膜覆盖(A₃)为主区),灌溉量(3 150 m³/hm²(W₁)、4 050m³/hm²(W₂)、4 950m³/hm²(W₃))为副区3个灌溉量,分析不同覆盖材料和灌溉量对机采棉产量形成及有效积温生产效率的影响。【结果】随着灌溉量的增加,干物质积累速率加快,但棉田土壤温度逐渐降低。在不同覆盖材料条件下,A₂处理较A₁和A₃处理可提高苗期棉田土壤温度,分别提高2.39、0.20℃,A₂处理的全生育期有效积温较A₁和A₃分别提高6.96%、0.77%。二者互作条件下,W₁A₂处理的棉田有效积温最高为1 476.98℃·d,单株干物质生长速率最快,达到1.61 g/d,生殖器官占比最高为47.00%,产量最高为6 431.10 kg/hm²,有效积温生产效率达到4.58 kg/(hm²·℃·d)。【结论】高堡膜覆盖条件下,采用3 150 m³/hm²的灌溉量时,有助于提高棉田土壤温度,增加有效积温,提高生殖器官的分配比例,促进棉花籽棉产量和有效积温生产效率的提高。

关键词: 机采棉, 覆盖材料, 灌溉量, 干物质积累与分配, 有效积温生产效率

CLC Number:

S562

LIU Haijun, ZHANG Hao, WANG Yifan, CHEN Maoguang, WU Fengquan, LIN Tao, TANG Qiuxiang. Effects of different mulching materials and irrigation on yield formation and effective accumulated temperature production efficiency of machine-picked cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(9): 2091-2100.

刘海军, 张昊, 王一帆, 陈茂光, 吴凤全, 林涛, 汤秋香. 不同覆盖材料和灌溉量对机采棉产量形成及有效积温生产效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2091-2100.

Figures/Tables 8

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处理 Treatment			苗期 Seedling stage		蕾期 Bud stage		花铃期 Boll setting stage		吐絮期 Boll opening stage		全生育期 Whole growth period
处理 Treatment			有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d)	较A₁增加 Decrease from A₁ (℃·d)	有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d)	较A₁增加 Decrease from A₁ (℃·d)	有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d)	较A₁增加 Decrease from A₁ (℃·d)	有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d)	较A₁增加 Decrease from A₁ (℃·d)	有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d)
W₁	A₁		483.87^cd	-	408.95^d	-	296.82^c	-	183.75^d	-	1 373.38^d
	A₂		506.04^ab	22.17	466.47^a	57.52	307.27^ab	10.45	197.19^abc	13.44	1 476.98^a
	A₃		493.57^bc	9.70	442.44^bc	33.49	301.71^abc	4.89	202.98^ab	19.23	1 440.70^c
W₂	A₁		478.99^d	-	397.48^d	-	303.16^abc	-	196.90^bc	-	1 376.52^d
	A₂		499.11^ab	20.12	436.07^c	38.59	307.42^ab	4.26	208.09^a	11.19	1 450.69^bc
	A₃		505.83^ab	26.84	452.09^b	54.61	308.80^a	5.64	207.90^ab	11.00	1 474.63^a
W₃	A₁		479.45^d	-	401.38^d	-	300.61^bc	-	180.38^d	-	1 361.81^d
	A₂		502.92^ab	23.47	466.32^a	64.94	301.77^abc	1.16	199.37^abc	18.99	1 470.38^ab
	A₃		509.36^a	29.91	445.76^bc	44.38	302.43^abc	1.82	191.36^cd	10.98	1 448.92^bc
两因素分析(F值) Two-way ANOVA(F value)
灌溉量 Irrigation(W)		0.36^ns			5.60^*		3.33^ns		11.27^*		0.58^ns
不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials (A)		24.11^***			135.49^***		3.49^ns		13.87^*		131.99^***
灌溉量×不同覆盖材料 Irrigation× Different covering materials (W×A)		2.01^ns			7.24^**		1.03^*		1.07^ns		4.24^*

处理 Treatment			苗期 Seedling stage		蕾期 Bud stage		花铃期 Boll setting stage		吐絮期 Boll opening stage		全生育期 Whole growth period
处理 Treatment			有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d)	较A₁增加 Decrease from A₁ (℃·d)	有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d)	较A₁增加 Decrease from A₁ (℃·d)	有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d)	较A₁增加 Decrease from A₁ (℃·d)	有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d)	较A₁增加 Decrease from A₁ (℃·d)	有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃·d)
W₁	A₁		483.87^cd	-	408.95^d	-	296.82^c	-	183.75^d	-	1 373.38^d
	A₂		506.04^ab	22.17	466.47^a	57.52	307.27^ab	10.45	197.19^abc	13.44	1 476.98^a
	A₃		493.57^bc	9.70	442.44^bc	33.49	301.71^abc	4.89	202.98^ab	19.23	1 440.70^c
W₂	A₁		478.99^d	-	397.48^d	-	303.16^abc	-	196.90^bc	-	1 376.52^d
	A₂		499.11^ab	20.12	436.07^c	38.59	307.42^ab	4.26	208.09^a	11.19	1 450.69^bc
	A₃		505.83^ab	26.84	452.09^b	54.61	308.80^a	5.64	207.90^ab	11.00	1 474.63^a
W₃	A₁		479.45^d	-	401.38^d	-	300.61^bc	-	180.38^d	-	1 361.81^d
	A₂		502.92^ab	23.47	466.32^a	64.94	301.77^abc	1.16	199.37^abc	18.99	1 470.38^ab
	A₃		509.36^a	29.91	445.76^bc	44.38	302.43^abc	1.82	191.36^cd	10.98	1 448.92^bc
两因素分析(F值) Two-way ANOVA(F value)
灌溉量 Irrigation(W)		0.36^ns			5.60^*		3.33^ns		11.27^*		0.58^ns
不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials (A)		24.11^***			135.49^***		3.49^ns		13.87^*		131.99^***
灌溉量×不同覆盖材料 Irrigation× Different covering materials (W×A)		2.01^ns			7.24^**		1.03^*		1.07^ns		4.24^*

灌溉量 Irrigation	不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials	Logistic 函数生长模型 Logistic growth model	Vm [g/(plant·d)]	GT (g/plant)	t₀	t₁	t₂	Δt	R²
灌溉量 Irrigation	不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials	Logistic 函数生长模型 Logistic growth model	Vm [g/(plant·d)]	GT (g/plant)	(d)				R²
W₁	A₁	Y=99.51/[1+e⁽³^.^89-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.32	65.53	73	48	98	50	0.998 5
	A₂	Y=123.61/[1+e⁽⁴^.^19-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.61	81.40	81	55	106	51	0.999 3
	A₃	Y=117.12/[1+e⁽³^.^86-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.53	77.12	74	49	99	50	0.998 8
W₂	A₁	Y=105.24/[1+e⁽³^.^67-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.26	69.30	77	49	104	55	0.997 2
	A₂	Y=119.20/[1+e⁽³^.^95-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.40	78.49	84	56	112	56	0.999 2
	A₃	Y=122.96/[1+e⁽³^.^82-0^.⁰⁴^t⁾]	1.38	80.97	85	56	115	59	0.997 4
W₃	A₁	Y=114.88/[1+e⁽³^.^66-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.37	75.64	77	49	104	55	0.996 4
	A₂	Y=127.41/[1+e⁽³^.^46-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.44	83.90	77	47	106	58	0.996 7
	A₃	Y=130.99/[1+e⁽³^.^45-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.55	86.25	73	45	101	56	0.993 4

灌溉量 Irrigation	不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials	Logistic 函数生长模型 Logistic growth model	Vm [g/(plant·d)]	GT (g/plant)	t₀	t₁	t₂	Δt	R²
灌溉量 Irrigation	不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials	Logistic 函数生长模型 Logistic growth model	Vm [g/(plant·d)]	GT (g/plant)	(d)				R²
W₁	A₁	Y=99.51/[1+e⁽³^.^89-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.32	65.53	73	48	98	50	0.998 5
	A₂	Y=123.61/[1+e⁽⁴^.^19-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.61	81.40	81	55	106	51	0.999 3
	A₃	Y=117.12/[1+e⁽³^.^86-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.53	77.12	74	49	99	50	0.998 8
W₂	A₁	Y=105.24/[1+e⁽³^.^67-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.26	69.30	77	49	104	55	0.997 2
	A₂	Y=119.20/[1+e⁽³^.^95-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.40	78.49	84	56	112	56	0.999 2
	A₃	Y=122.96/[1+e⁽³^.^82-0^.⁰⁴^t⁾]	1.38	80.97	85	56	115	59	0.997 4
W₃	A₁	Y=114.88/[1+e⁽³^.^66-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.37	75.64	77	49	104	55	0.996 4
	A₂	Y=127.41/[1+e⁽³^.^46-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.44	83.90	77	47	106	58	0.996 7
	A₃	Y=130.99/[1+e⁽³^.^45-0^.⁰⁵^t⁾]	1.55	86.25	73	45	101	56	0.993 4

灌溉量 Irrigation	不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials	根重 Root weight (g/ plant)	根系占比 Root (%)	茎叶重 Stem weight (g/ plant)	茎叶占比 Stem and leaf (%)	蕾铃花重 Bud/ Flower/ Boll weight (g/ plant)	蕾铃花占比 Bud/ Flower/ Boll (%)	总重 Total weight (g/ plant)
W₁	A₁	9.8^a	9.8^a	49.9^e	50.1^ab	39.9^e	40.1^d	99.5^e
	A₂	9.6^a	7.8^b	55.9^cd	45.2^c	58.1^a	47.0^a	123.6^abc
	A₃	9.0^ab	7.7^bc	60.2^bc	51.4^a	47.9^cd	40.9^cd	117.1^cd
W₂	A₁	7.9^c	7.5^bc	52.2^de	49.8^ab	45.1^d	42.8^bcd	105.2^e
	A₂	9.4^a	7.9^b	58.0^bcd	48.6^abc	51.7^bc	43.4^bcd	119.2^cd
	A₃	8.4^bc	6.8^cd	61.0^abc	49.6^ab	53.6^ab	43.6^bc	123.0^bc
W₃	A₁	7.8^c	6.8^cd	55.1^cde	47.9^bc	51.9^bc	45.3^ab	114.9^d
	A₂	8.4^bc	6.6^d	63.3^ab	49.7^ab	55.8^ab	43.7^abc	127.4^ab
	A₃	9.5^a	7.3^bcd	66.9^a	51.2^ab	54.5^ab	41.6^cd	131.0^a
两因素分析(F值) Two-way ANOVA(F value)
灌溉量 Irrigation(W)		6.62^**	20.21^***	8.47^**	0.27^ns	8.14^**	0.47^ns	14.86^***
不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials (A)		3.06^ns	5.65^*	20.67^***	4.78^*	24.47^***	4.59^*	42.69^***
灌溉量×不同覆盖材料 Irrigation×Different covering materials (W×A)		5.13^**	7.98^**	0.18^ns	2.84^ns	6.22^**	4.74^*	1.85^ns

Effects of different mulching materials and irrigation on yield formation and effective accumulated temperature production efficiency of machine-picked cotton

不同覆盖材料和灌溉量对机采棉产量形成及有效积温生产效率的影响

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灌溉量 Irrigation	不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials	单株结铃数 Bolls per plant(个)	单铃重 Single boll weight (g)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg/hm²)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	有效积温生产效率 Effective accumulated temperature production efficiency [kg/(hm²·℃·d)]
W₁	A₁	5.07^f	4.06^e	4 070.77^e	1 542.02^f	38.53^a	2.91^f
	A₂	6.39^a	5.41^a	6 431.10^a	2 603.64^a	38.49^a	4.58^a
	A₃	5.74^b	5.38^a	6 119.40^ab	2 406.77^b	39.32^a	4.24^bc
W₂	A₁	5.45^d	4.78^d	4 966.34^d	1 977.48^e	38.78^a	3.70^e
	A₂	5.27^e	5.29^ab	5 689.60^bc	2 236.74^cd	38.19^a	4.04^cd
	A₃	5.62^c	5.22^bc	5 734.84^bc	2 223.45^cd	38.76^a	3.89^de
W₃	A₁	5.83^b	5.16^bc	5 828.75^bc	2 310.49^bc	38.76^a	4.38^ab
	A₂	5.49^d	5.08^c	5 429.13^cd	2 089.29^de	38.49^a	3.70^e
	A₃	5.41^d	5.10^c	5 429.73^cd	2 091.34^de	38.52^a	3.75^e
两因素分析(F值) Two-way ANOVA(F value)
灌溉量 Irrigation(W)		68.79^***	8.15^**	0.21^ns	0.45^ns	0.44^ns	0.36^ns
不同覆盖材料 Different covering materials(A)		61.50^***	116.99^***	50.97^***	46.92^***	1.96^ns	18.36^***
灌溉量×不同覆盖材料 Irrigation×Different covering materials (W×A)		255.89^***	57.43^***	49.15^***	50.05^***	0.54^ns	48.07^***

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