Effects of Dripping Amount under Equal-Row Dense Planting on the Population Growth Characteristics of Different Drought-Resistant Cotton Varieties

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.002

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To precisely formulate cotton field moisture management system under equal row spacing and close planting and reveal the efficient production mechanism of machine-picked cotton.【Method】 The cotton varieties Xinluzao 22 (P₂₂) with strong drought resistance (P₂₂) and Xinluzao 17 (P₁₇) with weak drought resistance were selected as the tested varieties, and in the machine-harvesting mode of equal row spacing, 3,000 (W₁), 3,900 (W₂) and 4,800 (W₃) m³/hm² treatment levels were set to measure and analyze the crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), cotton boll growth rate (BGR) and leaf area loading boll (LAB) under different treatments.【Result】 With the increase of dripping water, cotton CGR, NAR, BGR and LAB all showed a significant upward trend.Among them, there was no significant difference between W₂ and W₃ treatments in the BGR from P₂₂ to the late blooming stage, but all were significantly lower than W₁ Treatment: The BGR of P₁₇ increased significantly with the increase of dripping water in each growth period.Among cultivars, the CGR, NAR, and LAB of P₂₂were 12.8%-18.2%, 12.3%-12.9%, 10.3%-12.2% higher than P₁₇ from the full flowering stage to the late full boll stage, and the BGR was in the full bloom stage, full boll stage.In the later period, it was 11.9%-30.4% higher than P₁₇.Correlation analysis showed that the BGR in the late blooming period was significantly positively correlated with BGR and LAB in the blooming period, and CGR, NAR, and BGA in the blooming period were all significantly positively correlated.【Conclusion】 Under the condition of equal row spacing and close planting, the selection of drought-resistant cotton varieties under the condition of 3,900 m³/hm² is beneficial to maintain a higher population growth rate and boll growth rate in the late stage of blooming to full boll, and promote photosynthetic production to cotton bolls.

Key words: drip volume; equal-row close planting; variety; cotton; population quality

摘要：

【目的】研究等行距密植下精量制定棉花的田间水分管理制度分析机采棉花高效生产机理。【方法】选用抗旱性强的棉花品种新陆早22号(P₂₂)和抗旱性弱的新陆早17号(P₁₇)为参试品种,在等行距密植机采模式下,设3 000(W₁)、3 900(W₂)、4 800(W₃)m³/hm² 3个处理水平,测定并分析不同处理下群体生长率(CGR)、净同化速率(NAR)、棉铃生长率(BGR)和叶面积载铃量(LAB)的变化。【结果】随滴水量的增加,棉花CGR、NAR、BGR、LAB均呈显著上升的趋势,其中P₂₂盛花期至盛铃后期的BGR在W₂和W₃处理间无显著差异,但均显著低于W₁处理;P₁₇的BGR在各生育时期均随滴水量的增加而显著增大。品种间,P₂₂的CGR、NAR、LAB在盛花期至盛铃后期比P₁₇高12.8% 18.2%、12.3%12.9%、10.3%12.2%,BGR在盛蕾期、盛铃期、盛铃后期则比P₁₇高11.9%30.4%。盛铃后期的BGR与盛花期的BGR、LAB呈显著正相关、与盛花期的CGR、盛铃期的CGR、NAR、BGA均呈极显著正相关。【结论】等行距密植条件下,在3 900 m³/hm²条件下选用抗旱性较强的棉花品种,有利于保持盛花至盛铃后期较高的群体生长率和棉铃生长率,促进光合产物向棉铃的分配与运输。

关键词: 滴水量, 等行距密植, 品种, 棉花, 群体质量

CLC Number:

S562

ZHANG Hongxia, CHEN Xianqiu, TIAN Yu, HAN Huanyong, WANG Fangyong, LUO Honghai. Effects of Dripping Amount under Equal-Row Dense Planting on the Population Growth Characteristics of Different Drought-Resistant Cotton Varieties[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(4): 787-796.

张红霞, 陈献丘, 田雨, 韩焕勇, 王方永, 罗宏海. 等行距密植下滴水量对不同抗旱性棉花品种群体生长特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(4): 787-796.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1 Cotton dripping time and water amount during the growth period (m3/hm2)

日期(月/日) Date (month/day)	6/16	6/24	7/4	7/14	7/25	8/4	8/13	8/23	滴水总量 Total drop of water
W₁	375	315	315	405	405	405	405	375	3 000
W₂	480	420	420	525	525	525	525	480	3 900
W₃	600	510	510	645	645	645	645	600	4 800

Table 2 Colony growth rate in main growth stage under different treatments(g/(m2·d)

处理 Treatment	盛蕾期 Full bud	盛花期 Full flowering	盛铃期 Full boll	盛铃后期 Later full boll
W₁	11.75±0.65^c	29.34±2.60^c	17.68±2.28^c	12.69±1.75^b
W₂	17.01±2.08^b	41.94±4.41^b	25.73±3.54^b	16.44±1.50^a
W₃	20.88±1.33^a	47.29±1.23^a	29.36±1.54^a	17.45±1.18^a
P₁₇	16.34±4.44	37.15±8.33	22.23±5.48	14.51±2.44
P₂₂	16.76±3.97	41.90±7.92	26.28±5.19	16.54±2.32
W₁P₁₇	11.94±0.78^d	27.17±1.01^e	15.80±1.29^e	11.65±1.73^d
W₁P₂₂	11.57±0.58^d	31.51±1.34^d	19.55±0.86^d	13.72±1.23^c
W₂P₁₇	15.26±0.91^c	38.04±1.15^c	22.69±1.10^c	15.29±0.3 $8 b c$
W₂P₂₂	18.77±0.87^b	45.84±1.34^b	28.77±1.5 $2 a b$	17.60±1.22^a
W₃P₁₇	21.82±1.19^a	46.24±0.60^b	28.20±1.22^b	16.59±1.0 $1 a b$
W₃P₂₂	19.93±0.57^b	48.34±0.30^a	30.52±0.61^a	18.30±0.49^a
W	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
P	0.314	<0.001	<0.001	0.002
W×P	<0.001	0.002	0.043	0.894

Table 2 Colony growth rate in main growth stage under different treatments(g/(m2·d)

处理 Treatment	盛蕾期 Full bud	盛花期 Full flowering	盛铃期 Full boll	盛铃后期 Later full boll
W₁	11.75±0.65^c	29.34±2.60^c	17.68±2.28^c	12.69±1.75^b
W₂	17.01±2.08^b	41.94±4.41^b	25.73±3.54^b	16.44±1.50^a
W₃	20.88±1.33^a	47.29±1.23^a	29.36±1.54^a	17.45±1.18^a
P₁₇	16.34±4.44	37.15±8.33	22.23±5.48	14.51±2.44
P₂₂	16.76±3.97	41.90±7.92	26.28±5.19	16.54±2.32
W₁P₁₇	11.94±0.78^d	27.17±1.01^e	15.80±1.29^e	11.65±1.73^d
W₁P₂₂	11.57±0.58^d	31.51±1.34^d	19.55±0.86^d	13.72±1.23^c
W₂P₁₇	15.26±0.91^c	38.04±1.15^c	22.69±1.10^c	15.29±0.3 $8 b c$
W₂P₂₂	18.77±0.87^b	45.84±1.34^b	28.77±1.5 $2 a b$	17.60±1.22^a
W₃P₁₇	21.82±1.19^a	46.24±0.60^b	28.20±1.22^b	16.59±1.0 $1 a b$
W₃P₂₂	19.93±0.57^b	48.34±0.30^a	30.52±0.61^a	18.30±0.49^a
W	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
P	0.314	<0.001	<0.001	0.002
W×P	<0.001	0.002	0.043	0.894

Table 3 Net assimilation rate in main growth stage under different treatments(g/(m2·d))

处理 Treatment	盛蕾期 Full bud	盛花期 Full flowering	盛铃期 Full boll	盛铃后期 Later full boll
W₁	8.18±1.01^c	9.95±0.33^a	5.18±0.46^b	3.77±0.38^a
W₂	8.97±1.10^b	10.17±1.16^a	5.49±0.4 $8 a b$	3.67±0.19^a
W₃	10.68±0.52^a	10.13±0.97^a	5.66±0.42^a	3.53±0.37^a
P₁₇	9.21±1.21	9.47±0.57	5.13±0.34	3.51±0.34
P₂₂	9.34±1.60	10.70±0.58	5.76±0.36	3.80±0.24
W₁P₁₇	8.96±0.63^bc	9.89±0.25^bc	4.96±0.51^c	3.74±0.45^ab
W₁P₂₂	7.40±0.60^d	10.02±0.44^b	5.41±0.33^abc	3.80±0.40^a
W₂P₁₇	8.04±0.42^cd	9.18±0.60^c	5.12±0.25^c	3.58±0.11^ab
W₂P₂₂	9.89±0.56^ab	11.16±0.17^a	5.86±0.33^ab	3.77±0.22^a
W₃P₁₇	10.63±0.39^a	9.33±0.68^bc	5.32±0.24^bc	3.22±0.19^b
W₃P₂₂	10.73±0.72^a	10.92±0.09^a	6.00±0.18^a	3.83±0.17^a
W	<0.001	0.666	0.070	0.359
P	0.625	<0.001	0.001	0.051
W×P	0.001	0.007	0.723	0.243

Table 3 Net assimilation rate in main growth stage under different treatments(g/(m2·d))

处理 Treatment	盛蕾期 Full bud	盛花期 Full flowering	盛铃期 Full boll	盛铃后期 Later full boll
W₁	8.18±1.01^c	9.95±0.33^a	5.18±0.46^b	3.77±0.38^a
W₂	8.97±1.10^b	10.17±1.16^a	5.49±0.4 $8 a b$	3.67±0.19^a
W₃	10.68±0.52^a	10.13±0.97^a	5.66±0.42^a	3.53±0.37^a
P₁₇	9.21±1.21	9.47±0.57	5.13±0.34	3.51±0.34
P₂₂	9.34±1.60	10.70±0.58	5.76±0.36	3.80±0.24
W₁P₁₇	8.96±0.63^bc	9.89±0.25^bc	4.96±0.51^c	3.74±0.45^ab
W₁P₂₂	7.40±0.60^d	10.02±0.44^b	5.41±0.33^abc	3.80±0.40^a
W₂P₁₇	8.04±0.42^cd	9.18±0.60^c	5.12±0.25^c	3.58±0.11^ab
W₂P₂₂	9.89±0.56^ab	11.16±0.17^a	5.86±0.33^ab	3.77±0.22^a
W₃P₁₇	10.63±0.39^a	9.33±0.68^bc	5.32±0.24^bc	3.22±0.19^b
W₃P₂₂	10.73±0.72^a	10.92±0.09^a	6.00±0.18^a	3.83±0.17^a
W	<0.001	0.666	0.070	0.359
P	0.625	<0.001	0.001	0.051
W×P	0.001	0.007	0.723	0.243

Table 4 Boll growth rate in main growth stage under different treatments (g/(m2·d))

处理 Treatment	盛蕾期 Full bud	盛花期 Full flowering	盛铃期 Full boll	盛铃后期 Later full boll
W₁	1.95±0.34^b	15.78±1.31^c	21.16±1.28^c	8.67±0.95^b
W₂	1.95±0.28^b	24.56±1.62^b	27.56±2.60^b	12.69±2.39^a
W₃	3.12±0.63^a	27.24±1.36^a	29.87±1.49^a	13.69±2.11^a
P₁₇	2.08±0.47	22.11±5.91	24.72±3.86	10.15±1.87
P₂₂	2.60±0.83	22.94±4.73	27.68±4.16	13.24±2.96
W₁P₁₇	1.85±0.07^c	14.83±0.66^e	20.11±0.35^e	7.89±0.32^d
W₁P₂₂	2.04±0.51^bc	16.73±1.06^d	22.21±0.84^d	9.44±0.61^c
W₂P₁₇	1.76±0.21^c	23.21±0.39^c	25.29±1.08^c	10.65±0.61^bc
W₂P₂₂	2.14±0.22^bc	25.92±0.97^b	29.83±0.51^ab	14.73±1.21^a
W₃P₁₇	2.62±0.42^b	28.30±0.68^a	28.74±1.30^b	11.91±0.94^b
W₃P₂₂	3.62±0.26^a	26.17±0.89^b	30.99±0.22^a	15.47±0.84^a
W	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
P	0.004	0.050	<0.001	<0.001
W×P	0.106	<0.001	0.041	0.043

Table 5 Leaf area loading bolls in main growth stage under different treatments (mg/cm2)

处理 Treatment	盛蕾期 Full bud	盛花期 Full flowering	盛铃期 Full boll	盛铃后期 Later full boll
W₁	1.88±0.27^a	6.88±0.30^b	16.43±0.69^a	22.81±0.71^b
W₂	1.33±0.29^b	7.25±0.46^ab	16.35±0.59^a	24.43±1.66^a
W₃	1.50±0.17^b	7.59±0.33^a	16.69±0.90^a	24.53±2.92^a
P₁₇	1.48±0.39	7.18±0.46	16.22±0.26	22.74±0.78
P₂₂	1.66±0.25	7.31±0.47	16.77±0.76	25.09±2.25
W₁P₁₇	1.96±0.10^a	6.81±0.04^b	16.82±0.43^ab	23.10±0.91^b
W₁P₂₂	1.79±0.39^ab	6.96±0.46^ab	16.03±0.74^bc	22.51±0.44^b
W₂P₁₇	1.10±0.09^d	7.23±0.67^ab	15.92±0.51^c	23.04±0.76^b
W₂P₂₂	1.56±0.21^bc	7.27±0.26^ab	16.79±0.17^ab	25.81±0.72^a
W₃P₁₇	1.37±0.0 $4 c d$	7.50±0.18^ab	15.91±0.07^c	22.10±0.36^b
W₃P₂₂	1.64±0.13^abc	7.69±0.46^a	17.48±0.42^a	26.95±1.90^a
W	0.001	0.032	0.408	0.018
P	0.074	0.515	0.022	<0.001
W×P	0.047	0.950	0.002	0.002

Table 5 Leaf area loading bolls in main growth stage under different treatments (mg/cm2)

处理 Treatment	盛蕾期 Full bud	盛花期 Full flowering	盛铃期 Full boll	盛铃后期 Later full boll
W₁	1.88±0.27^a	6.88±0.30^b	16.43±0.69^a	22.81±0.71^b
W₂	1.33±0.29^b	7.25±0.46^ab	16.35±0.59^a	24.43±1.66^a
W₃	1.50±0.17^b	7.59±0.33^a	16.69±0.90^a	24.53±2.92^a
P₁₇	1.48±0.39	7.18±0.46	16.22±0.26	22.74±0.78
P₂₂	1.66±0.25	7.31±0.47	16.77±0.76	25.09±2.25
W₁P₁₇	1.96±0.10^a	6.81±0.04^b	16.82±0.43^ab	23.10±0.91^b
W₁P₂₂	1.79±0.39^ab	6.96±0.46^ab	16.03±0.74^bc	22.51±0.44^b
W₂P₁₇	1.10±0.09^d	7.23±0.67^ab	15.92±0.51^c	23.04±0.76^b
W₂P₂₂	1.56±0.21^bc	7.27±0.26^ab	16.79±0.17^ab	25.81±0.72^a
W₃P₁₇	1.37±0.0 $4 c d$	7.50±0.18^ab	15.91±0.07^c	22.10±0.36^b
W₃P₂₂	1.64±0.13^abc	7.69±0.46^a	17.48±0.42^a	26.95±1.90^a
W	0.001	0.032	0.408	0.018
P	0.074	0.515	0.022	<0.001
W×P	0.047	0.950	0.002	0.002

Table 6 Correlation between growth characteristics of different groups during different growth periods

生育时期 Growth stage	群体生长特征 Colony growth characteristics	盛蕾期Full bud				盛花期Full flowering				盛铃期Full boll				盛铃后期Later full boll
生育时期 Growth stage	群体生长特征 Colony growth characteristics	群体生长率 Popula tion growth rate	净同化速率 Net assimil ation rate	棉铃生长率 Cotton boll growth rate	叶面积载铃量 Leaf area boll capacity	群体生长率 Popula tion growth rate	净同化速率 Net assimil ation rate	棉铃生长率 Cotton boll growth rate	叶面积载铃量 Leaf area boll capacity	群体生长率 Popula tion growth rate	净同化速率 Net assimil ation rate	棉铃生长率 Cotton boll growth rate	叶面积载铃量 Leaf area boll capacity	群体生长率 Popula tion growth rate	净同化速率 Net assimil ation rate	棉铃生长率 Cotton boll growth rate	叶面积载铃量 Leaf area boll capacity
盛蕾期 Full bud	群体生长率	1	0.875^*	0.661	-0.484	0.950^**	0.691	0.965^**	0.908	0.928^**	0.564	0.922^**	0.178	0.870^*	-0.488	0.797	0.396
	净同化速率		1	0.743	-0.068	0.775	0.389	0.731	0.756	0.762	0.534	0.768	0.523	0.677	-0.281	0.704	0.523
	棉铃生长率			1	0.043	0.697	0.455	0.56	0.827^*	0.721	0.718	0.708	0.606	0.689	0.058	0.719	0.63
	叶面积载铃量				1	-0.508	0.422	-0.664	-0.499	-0.455	0.013	-0.461	0.485	-0.488	0.562	-0.296	0.105
盛花期 Full flowering	群体生长率					1	0.377	0.969^**	0.945^**	0.996^**	0.75	0.994^**	0.255	0.980^**	-0.265	0.928^**	0.57
	净同化速率						1	0.162	0.244	0.442	0.841^*	0.464	0.798	0.475	0.69	0.671	0.874^*
	棉铃生长率							1	0.910^*	0.945^**	0.569	0.942^**	0.056	0.919^**	-0.47	0.819^*	0.383
	叶面积载铃量								1	0.937^**	0.673	0.931^**	0.278	0.919^**	-0.279	0.850^*	0.526
盛铃期 Full boll	群体生长率									1	0.803	0.997^**	0.294	0.989^**	-0.197	0.950^**	0.611
	净同化速率										1	0.804	0.598	0.834^*	0.384	0.919^**	0.848^*
	棉铃生长率											1	0.333	0.990^**	-0.165	0.962^**	0.65
	叶面积载铃量												1	0.302	0.639	0.514	0.869^*
盛铃后期 Later full boll	群体生长率													1	-0.101	0.967^**	0.659
盛铃后期 Later full boll	净同化速率														1	0.109	0.593

Table 6 Correlation between growth characteristics of different groups during different growth periods

生育时期 Growth stage	群体生长特征 Colony growth characteristics	盛蕾期Full bud				盛花期Full flowering				盛铃期Full boll				盛铃后期Later full boll
生育时期 Growth stage	群体生长特征 Colony growth characteristics	群体生长率 Popula tion growth rate	净同化速率 Net assimil ation rate	棉铃生长率 Cotton boll growth rate	叶面积载铃量 Leaf area boll capacity	群体生长率 Popula tion growth rate	净同化速率 Net assimil ation rate	棉铃生长率 Cotton boll growth rate	叶面积载铃量 Leaf area boll capacity	群体生长率 Popula tion growth rate	净同化速率 Net assimil ation rate	棉铃生长率 Cotton boll growth rate	叶面积载铃量 Leaf area boll capacity	群体生长率 Popula tion growth rate	净同化速率 Net assimil ation rate	棉铃生长率 Cotton boll growth rate	叶面积载铃量 Leaf area boll capacity
盛蕾期 Full bud	群体生长率	1	0.875^*	0.661	-0.484	0.950^**	0.691	0.965^**	0.908	0.928^**	0.564	0.922^**	0.178	0.870^*	-0.488	0.797	0.396
	净同化速率		1	0.743	-0.068	0.775	0.389	0.731	0.756	0.762	0.534	0.768	0.523	0.677	-0.281	0.704	0.523
	棉铃生长率			1	0.043	0.697	0.455	0.56	0.827^*	0.721	0.718	0.708	0.606	0.689	0.058	0.719	0.63
	叶面积载铃量				1	-0.508	0.422	-0.664	-0.499	-0.455	0.013	-0.461	0.485	-0.488	0.562	-0.296	0.105
盛花期 Full flowering	群体生长率					1	0.377	0.969^**	0.945^**	0.996^**	0.75	0.994^**	0.255	0.980^**	-0.265	0.928^**	0.57
	净同化速率						1	0.162	0.244	0.442	0.841^*	0.464	0.798	0.475	0.69	0.671	0.874^*
	棉铃生长率							1	0.910^*	0.945^**	0.569	0.942^**	0.056	0.919^**	-0.47	0.819^*	0.383
	叶面积载铃量								1	0.937^**	0.673	0.931^**	0.278	0.919^**	-0.279	0.850^*	0.526
盛铃期 Full boll	群体生长率									1	0.803	0.997^**	0.294	0.989^**	-0.197	0.950^**	0.611
	净同化速率										1	0.804	0.598	0.834^*	0.384	0.919^**	0.848^*
	棉铃生长率											1	0.333	0.990^**	-0.165	0.962^**	0.65
	叶面积载铃量												1	0.302	0.639	0.514	0.869^*
盛铃后期 Later full boll	群体生长率													1	-0.101	0.967^**	0.659
盛铃后期 Later full boll	净同化速率														1	0.109	0.593

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