Responses of seed cotton yield and fiber quality of different sea island cotton varieties to nitrogen fertilizer

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.07.002

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (7): 1569-1579.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.07.002

• Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Soil Fertilizer • Previous Articles Next Articles

Responses of seed cotton yield and fiber quality of different sea island cotton varieties to nitrogen fertilizer

DUAN Songjiang¹(), PENG Zengying¹, SHEN Yingying¹, Mulidier Baibolati¹, WU Yifan¹, CUI jianping², ZHANG Jusong¹()

1. Research Center of Cotton Engineering, Ministry of Education/ College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi 830052,China
2. Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2022-10-03 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2023-07-11
Correspondence author: ZHANG Jusong (1963-), male, Jiangdu, Jiangsu province, professor, research direction:high-yield cultivation of cotton physiological ecology, (E-mail)xjndzjs@163.com
Supported by:
Major Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Integration and Demonstration of Cotton High Quality, High Yield and High Efficiency Standardized Production Technology"(2020A01002-4)

不同海岛棉品种产量及纤维品质对氮肥的响应

段松江¹(), 彭增莹¹, 申莹莹¹, 木丽迪尔·拜波拉提¹, 吴一凡¹, 崔建平², 张巨松¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院/教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

通讯作者: 张巨松(1963-),男,江苏江都人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为棉花高产栽培生理生态,(E-mail)xjndzjs@163.com
作者简介:段松江(1995-),男,河南项城人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花高产栽培生理,(E-mail)1578442341@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“棉花优质高产高效标准化生产技术集成示范”(2020A01002-4)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the differences in agronomic traits, seed cotton yield and fiber quality of different island cotton varieties under different nitrogen fertilizer levels in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the future selection of high-yield and high-quality island cotton varieties and reasonable nitrogen application rates.【Methods】 In the experiment, 12 sea island cotton varieties bred in the past two decades were used as test materials, and three nitrogen application treatments were set N₀ (0 kg/hm²), N₂₄₀ (240 kg/hm²), N₄₈₀ (480 kg/hm²), to study nitrogen application rates effects on the agronomic characteristics, fiber quality, yield composition and seed cotton yield of different island cotton varieties.【Results】 The results of the study showed that nitrogen application could significantly increase the number of leaves, fruit branches and buds and bolls of island cotton, and the cotton yield by the nitrogen application treatment was higher than that of the non-nitrogen treatment; Among the cultivars, Xinhai 28 and Miancheng 10 performed better in comprehensive agronomic traits, and could maintain a relatively low dropout rate of bolls under different nitrogen fertilizer levels, thus ensuring the number of bolls.Nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on the number of bolls per plant and the yield of seed cotton, which was N₂₄₀>N₄₈₀>N₀, and had no significant effect on other yield traits; among varieties, the number of bolls per plant, boll weight per plant and seed cotton yield were all significant.The difference between the number of bolls per plant and the weight of bolls per plant under different nitrogen levels for Miancheng 10 and Xinhai 28 resulted in higher seed cotton yield.In terms of fiber quality, nitrogen fertilizer only had a significant effect on the average length of the upper half, showing a downward trend with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and had no significant effect on other indicators.However, there were extremely significant differences between varieties, indicating that the fiber quality was mainly affected by genetic characteristics, the fiber length, uniformity, and breaking strength of the upper half of Xinhai 28 and Xinhai 45 performed well under different nitrogen fertilizer levels, and the micronaire value reached the A-level standard.【Conclusion】 In summary, Miancheng 10 and Xinhai 28 have excellent agronomic traits under different nitrogen fertilizer levels, and their yield traits are relatively coordinated.Therefore, higher seed cotton yield and fiber quality can be achieved under different nitrogen fertilizer levels.Regression analysis speculates that when the nitrogen application rate is 332.2 kg/hm², the seed cotton yield is the highest, which is 5025.1 kg/hm².

Key words: island cotton; nitrogen fertilizer; fiber quality

摘要：

【目的】研究不同海岛棉品种在不同氮肥水平下农艺性状、产量与纤维品质的差异,为选育高产优质海岛棉品种并搭配合理施氮量提供理论依据。【方法】以近20年来育成的12份海岛棉品种为材料,设置3个施氮处理N₀(0 kg/hm²)、N₂₄₀(240 kg/hm²)、N₄₈₀(480 kg/hm²),分析施氮量对不同海岛棉品种农艺性状、纤维品质、产量构成及产量的影响。【结果】施氮能显著提高海岛棉叶片数、果枝数及蕾铃花数,均表现施氮处理大于不施氮处理,其中施氮量在240 kg/hm²时表现最佳;新海28号、棉城10号农艺性状综合表现较好,能在不同氮肥水平下保持相对较低的蕾铃脱落率来保证结铃数。氮肥对单株结铃数与籽棉产量有显著性影响,表现为N₂₄₀>N₄₈₀>N₀,对其他产量性状无显著影响;品种间单株结铃数、单铃重与籽棉产量均存在显著性差异,其中棉城10号与新海28号在不同施氮水平下单株结铃数与单铃重表现优异,获得较高的籽棉产量。氮肥只对上半部平均长度有显著性影响,随施氮量的增加呈下降趋势,对其他指标并无显著性影响,而品种间均存在极显著性差异,纤维品质主要受遗传特性影响,新海28号、新海45号上半部纤维长度、整齐度、断裂比强度在不同氮肥水平下均表现较好,且马克隆值达到A级标准。【结论】棉城10号、新海28号在不同氮肥水平下农艺性状表现优异,产量性状相对协调,在不同氮肥水平下能获得较高的籽棉产量与纤维品质,当施氮量为332.2 kg/hm²时籽棉产量最高,为5 025.1 kg/hm²。

关键词: 海岛棉, 氮肥, 纤维品质

CLC Number:

S562

DUAN Songjiang, PENG Zengying, SHEN Yingying, Mulidier Baibolati, WU Yifan, CUI jianping, ZHANG Jusong. Responses of seed cotton yield and fiber quality of different sea island cotton varieties to nitrogen fertilizer[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(7): 1569-1579.

段松江, 彭增莹, 申莹莹, 木丽迪尔·拜波拉提, 吴一凡, 崔建平, 张巨松. 不同海岛棉品种产量及纤维品质对氮肥的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(7): 1569-1579.

Figures/Tables 8

References 32

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土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	水解性氮 Hydroly zable nitrogen (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)
0~10	0.42	8.26	35	26.3	83
10~20	0.49	7.65	66.4	32.9	89
20~30	0.46	7.08	44.4	32	87
30~40	0.3	5.9	40.6	16.6	103
40~50	0.24	4.24	35	7.3	138
50~60	0.25	4.06	51.7	26.6	145

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	水解性氮 Hydroly zable nitrogen (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)
0~10	0.42	8.26	35	26.3	83
10~20	0.49	7.65	66.4	32.9	89
20~30	0.46	7.08	44.4	32	87
30~40	0.3	5.9	40.6	16.6	103
40~50	0.24	4.24	35	7.3	138
50~60	0.25	4.06	51.7	26.6	145

编号 No.	品种 Cultivars	年份 Year	供种单位 Breeding unites
1	新海14号	1998	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
2	新海21号	2003	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
3	新海24号	2005	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
4	新海28号	2007	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
5	新海35号	2010	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
6	新海39号	2012	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
7	新海43号	2013	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
8	新海45号	2014	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
9	新海53号	2015	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所
10	新海61号	2017	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所
11	新海62号	2017	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所
12	棉城10号	2020	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所

编号 No.	品种 Cultivars	年份 Year	供种单位 Breeding unites
1	新海14号	1998	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
2	新海21号	2003	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
3	新海24号	2005	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
4	新海28号	2007	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
5	新海35号	2010	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
6	新海39号	2012	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
7	新海43号	2013	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
8	新海45号	2014	新疆金丰源种业有限公司
9	新海53号	2015	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所
10	新海61号	2017	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所
11	新海62号	2017	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所
12	棉城10号	2020	新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所

品种 Variety	N₀				N₂₄₀				N₄₈₀
品种 Variety	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶片数 Vane number (个)	果枝数 Fruit branch (台)	蕾铃花 Buds, flowers and bolls (个)	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶片数 Vane number (个)	果枝数 Fruit branch (台)	蕾铃花 Buds, flowers and bolls (个)	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶片数 Vane number (个)	果枝数 Fruit branch (台)	蕾铃花 Buds, flowers and bolls (个)
新海14号 Xinhai14	74.2^cd	10.8^bc	9.7^bcd	15^ab	74.3^de	8.6^c	8.6^c	11.4^c	62.8^e	10.2^d	9.1^b	12.1^b
新海21号 Xinhai21	64.2^d	11^bc	9^cd	12.1^bc	85^cd	12.6^ab	11.4^ab	17.3^ab	76.4^cd	12^cd	11.1^ab	14.1^ab
新海24号 Xinhai24	77.3^bc	12.2^ab	11.5^ab	13.4^abc	74.2^de	12.5^ab	10.5^abc	15.7^ab	79.7^cd	11.7^cd	11.8^a	15.1^ab
新海28号 Xinhai28	102.2^a	12.7^ab	9.9^abc	12.6^bc	110^a	13.9^a	12.3^a	14.9^ab	113.4^a	14.1^ab	11.1^ab	13.9^ab
新海35号 Xinhai35	70.4^cd	9.3^c	7.7^d	10.8^c	70.7^e	11.7^b	11.6^ab	16.2^ab	72.7^de	11.7^cd	11.4^a	14.4^ab
新海39号 Xinhai39	78.3^bc	11.6^ab	10.4^abc	14^abc	74.8^de	12^ab	10.5^abc	15.3^ab	77.1^cd	12.2^cd	11.5^a	14.8^ab
新海43号 Xinhai43	102.5^a	12.7^ab	11.4^ab	14.9^ab	95.9^bc	13.2^ab	11.4^ab	15.3^ab	92.8^b	14.2^ab	11.5^a	14.8^ab
新海45号 Xinhai45	87.7^b	11.3^ab	9.6^bcd	11.19^c	99^b	12.8^ab	9.7^bc	11.6^c	107.5^a	15^a	9.9^ab	11.9^b
新海53号 Xinhai53	75.4^cd	11.6^ab	12^a	16.1^a	74.9^de	11.5^b	11^ab	16.1^ab	73^de	11.6^cd	10.7^ab	14.7^ab
新海61号 Xinhia61	99.1^a	11.7^ab	8.5^cd	12.3^bc	94.9^bc	12.3^ab	10.7^abc	14.2^bc	105.6^a	12^cd	12^a	15.1^ab
新海62号 Xinhai62	75.2^cd	11.9^ab	11.2^ab	15^ab	75.3^de	12.1^ab	11.2^ab	14.5^abc	78.2^cd	12.5^bc	10.1^ab	14.1^ab
棉城10号 Miancheng10	101.1^a	13.2^a	11.7^ab	15^ab	90.4^bc	12.2^ab	12.2^a	17.7^a	87.3^bc	11.8^cd	12.1^a	16.3^a
平均数 Mean	84.0	11.7	10.2	13.4	85.0	12.1	10.9	15.1	85.5	12.4	11.0	14.3
变异系数 Coefficient of variation(%)	16.5	8.9	13.5	12.7	15.1	10.6	9.5	12.3	18.6	10.9	8.3	8.7
氮肥 Nitrogen	NS	^*	^**	^*
品种 Varieties	^**	^**	^**	^**
氮肥×品种 Nitrogen× Varieties (N×V)	^**	^*	^**	^*

Responses of seed cotton yield and fiber quality of different sea island cotton varieties to nitrogen fertilizer

不同海岛棉品种产量及纤维品质对氮肥的响应

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品种 Variety	N₀				N₂₄₀				N₄₈₀
品种 Variety	单株结铃数 Boll number per (个/株)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percen tage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	单株结铃数 Boll number per (个/株)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percen tage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	单株结铃数 Boll number per (个/株)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percen tage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)
新海14号 Xinhai14	6.6^ab	3.1^a	0.333^a	4 231.9^ab	6.9^ab	3.2^ab	0.314^a	4 548.8^ab	7^b	3.2b^c	0.356^a	4 623.1^ab
新海21号 xinhai21	6.2^b	3.2^a	0.332^a	4 023.7^ab	7.7^ab	3.1^ab	0.331^a	4 867.5^ab	7.1^b	3.2^c	0.335^b	4 594.3^ab
新海24号 Xinhai24	6.2^b	3.3^a	0.327^a	4 095.6^ab	6.5^b	3.2^ab	0.329^a	4 310.3^b	7.1^b	3.2^c	0.331^b	4 619.7^ab
新海28号 Xinhai28	7.5^ab	3.4^a	0.323^a	5 267.2^ab	7.8^ab	3.5^ab	0.317^a	5 660^ab	7.2^b	3.7^ab	0.323^b	5 499.8^ab
新海35号 Xinhai35	6.1^b	3.3^a	0.339^a	4 119.5^ab	7.6^ab	3.3^ab	0.327^a	5 222.7^ab	6.3^b	3.8^a	0.325^b	4 885.1^ab
新海39号 Xinhai39	6.2^b	3^a	0.331^a	3 818.4^b	7.4^ab	3.3^ab	0.329^a	4 984.1^ab	7^b	3.3^abc	0.334^b	4 824.7^ab
新海43号 Xinhai43	7.2^ab	3.2^a	0.337^a	4 700.8^ab	7.4^ab	3.2^ab	0.335^a	4 897^ab	7.6^ab	3.1^c	0.327^b	4 845.8^ab
新海45号 Xinhai45	6.2^b	3.4^a	0.317^a	4 268.6^ab	6.6^ab	3.6^a	0.321^a	5 000.1^ab	6.9^b	3.2^c	0.317^b	4 512.6^b
新海53号 Xinhai53	6.4^b	3.2^a	0.333^a	4 292.9^ab	6.7^ab	3.3^ab	0.336^a	4 626.8^ab	7.2^b	3.3b^c	0.335^b	4 851.8^ab
新海61号 Xinhia61	7.4^ab	3.1^a	0.327^a	4 674.6^ab	7.8^ab	3^b	0.323^a	4 870.6^ab	7.4^b	3.1^c	0.331^b	4 793.3^ab
新海62号 Xinhai62	6.2^b	3.3^a	0.326^a	4 252.6^ab	6.9^ab	3.2^ab	0.325^a	4 652.1^ab	7^b	3.3^abc	0.33^b	4 733.1^ab
棉城10号 Miancheng10	8.4^a	3.3^a	0.315^a	5 667.7^a	8.6^a	3.5^ab	0.324^a	6 164.4^a	9.3^a	3.3^abc	0.319^b	6 305^a
平均数 Mean	6.7	3.2	0.33	4 451.1	7.3	3.3	0.33	4 983.7	7.3	3.3	0.33	4 923
变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)	11	3.8	2.2	12.2	8.5	5.3	2	10.2	9.8	6.6	3	10.2
氮肥 Nitrogen	^**	NS	NS	^*
品种 Varieties	^**	^*	NS	^**
氮肥×品种 Nitrogen× Varieties (N×V)	NS	NS	NS	NS

品种 Variety	N₀					N₂₄₀					N₄₈₀
品种 Variety	上半部平均长度 Average length of upper half ( mm)	整齐度 Uniformity (%)	断裂比强度 Specific strength at break ( cN/tex)	伸长率 Elongation ( % )	马克隆值 Micron value	上半部平均长度 Average length of upper half ( mm)	整齐度 Uniformity (%)	断裂比强度 Specific strength at break ( cN/tex)	伸长率 Elongation ( % )	马克隆值 Micron value	上半部平均长度 Average length of upper half ( mm)	整齐度 Uniformity (%)	断裂比强度 Specific strength at break ( cN/tex)	伸长率 Elongation ( % )	马克隆值 Micron value
新海14号 Xinhai14	37.9^bc	87.2^ab	41.0^cd	12.6^a	4.2^bc	37.1^cd	87.9^ab	40.4^de	12.2^a	4.3^a	37.0^cde	88.2^a	41.5^bcd	12.0^a	4.0^cd
新海21号 Xinhai21	36.8^bcd	86.8^b	40.5^d	10.2^bcd	4.5^ab	35.3^d	86.1^b	41.5^de	9.8^bcde	4.5^a	34.9^f	86.4^a	40.6^cd	10.4^b	4.7^a
新海24号 Xinhai24	36.3^cd	87.4^ab	41.8^bcd	9.8^bcd	4.5^ab	36.1^cd	86.4^b	43.4^bcd	9.8^bcde	4.4^a	35.2^ef	86.7^a	41.5^bcd	10.4^b	4.5^ab
新海28号 Xinhai28	41.2^a	89.0^a	44.5^abc	9.6^cde	3.7^d	40.3^a	87.6^ab	45.3^abc	8.8^e	3.8^b	39.9^ab	88.2^a	47.1^a	9.3^cd	3.8^de
新海35号 Xinhai35	37.6b^cd	87.1^ab	44.8^ab	10.1^bcd	4.0^cd	36.5^cd	86.5^b	39.8^de	9.8^bcde	4.4^a	35.6^ef	86.8^a	40.9^cd	10.6^b	4.5^ab
新海39号 Xinhai39	35.7^d	86.3^b	40.2^d	10.2^bcd	4.2^bc	35.4^d	86.9^ab	41.4^de	10.4^bc	4.5^a	35.8^ef	86.4^a	41.6^bcd	10^bc	4.5^ab
新海43号 Xinhai43	37.9^bc	86.6^b	42.0^bcd	10.8^b	4.3a^bc	37.7^bc	86.3^b	43.5^bcd	10.8^b	4.4^a	38.5^abc	86.9^a	43.8^abc	10.6^b	4.2^bc
新海45号 Xinhai45	41.4^a	89.2^a	46.3^a	8.8^e	3.8^d	40.6^a	88.8^a	47.1^a	9.2^de	3.9^b	40.2^a	88^a	46.1^a	9.0^d	3.6^e
新海53号 Xinhai53	35.8^d	87.1^ab	41.1^cd	10.0^bcd	4.4^abc	35.4^d	86.1^b	41.0^de	10.2^bcd	4.5^a	34.9^f	86.4^a	41.1^cd	10.8^b	4.5^ab
新海61号 Xinhia61	38.6^b	87.5^ab	46.0^a	9.2^de	4.4^ab	39.0^ab	88.1^ab	45.8^ab	9.6^cde	4.4^a	38.2^bc	86.6^a	44.9^ab	9.2^cd	4.2^bc
新海62号 Xinhai62	36.1^cd	86.3^b	39.5^d	10.5^bc	4.6^a	36.1^cd	87.4^ab	42.0^cde	10.6^bc	4.6^a	35.9^def	86.1^a	41.0^cd	10.4^b	4.3^ab
棉城10号 Miancheng10	37.4^bcd	87.2^ab	41.2^cd	10.8^b	4.4^ab	37.3^bcd	86.1^b	38.4^e	10.5^bc	4.2^a	37.8^cd	87^a	39.6^d	10.1^bc	4.4^ab
平均数Mean	37.7	87.3	42.4	10.2	4.25	37.2	87	42.5	10.1	4.32	37	87	42.5	10.2	4.27
变异系数 Coefficient of variation(%)	5	1	5.5	9.4	6.7	5	1.1	6.1	8.6	5.7	5.1	0.9	5.6	8	7.6
氮肥Nitrogen	^*	NS	NS	NS	NS
品种Varieties	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
氮肥×品种 Nitrogen×Varieties (N×V)	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

指标 Index	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶片数 Vane number (个)	果枝数 Fruit branch (台)	蕾铃花 Buds, flowers and bolls (个)	蕾铃脱落率 Boll retention abccission Rate (%)	单株结铃数 Boll number per (个/株)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	衣分 Lint percentage	上半部平均长度 Average length of upper half ( mm)	整齐度 Uniformity (%)	断裂比强度 Specific strength at break (cN/tex)	伸长率 Elongation ( % )	马克隆值 Micron value
株高 Plant height(cm)	1
叶片数 Vane number(个)	0.80^**	1
果枝数 Fruit branch(台)	0.27	0.55^*	1
蕾铃花 Buds, flowers and bolls(个)	-0.13	0.14	0.87^**	1
蕾铃脱落率 Boll Retention Abccission Rate(%)	-0.56^*	-0.38	-0.05	0.2	1
单株结铃数 Boll number per(g)	0.53	0.32	0.56^*	0.44	-0.24	1
单铃重 Boll weight(g/株)	0.25	0.29	0.12	-0.13	-0.24	0.08	1
籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	0.58^*	0.4	0.54	0.32	-0.31	0.90^**	0.49	1
衣分 Lint percentage	-0.68^*	-0.55	-0.17	0.13	0.47	-0.49	-0.68^*	-0.72^**	1
上半部平均长度 Average length of upper half( mm)	0.85^**	0.53	-0.2	-0.54	-0.48	0.26	0.41	0.4	-0.74^**	1
整齐度 Uniformity(%)	0.56^*	0.21	-0.51	-0.71^**	-0.41	-0.05	0.4	0.14	-0.64^*	0.88^**	1
断裂比强度 Specific strength at break (cN/tex)	0.75^**	0.53	-0.25	-0.58^*	-0.59^*	-0.1	0.2	0	-0.4	0.84^**	0.77^**	1
伸长率 Elongation ( % )	-0.60^*	-0.66^*	-0.2	0.14	0.81^**	-0.02	-0.35	-0.16	0.45	-0.47	-0.34	-0.70^**	1
马克隆值 Micron value	-0.65^*	-0.38	0.31	0.62^*	0.31	-0.06	-0.59^*	-0.31	0.75^**	-0.92^**	-0.93^**	-0.74^**	0.36	1

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